Notes: Kent Online Parish Clerks, Kent Family Garden

Matches 1,001 to 1,050 of 3,417

#	Notes	Linked to
1001	Charles Clint JACKSON is the 4th great grandfather of Joshua James RYAN.	JACKSON, Charles Clint (I17922)
1002	Charles Ruck, widower, butcher, of Canterbury & Jane Tuckwell, sp., 22, of the same, parents deceased, at Petham, Nackington, Lower Hardres. John Parker of Canterbury, butcher, alleges. Jane buried as "wife of Charles".	TUCKWELL, Jane (I5616)
1003	Charles was a twin and was the sixth born child of George Gregory and Caroline Dodd. He became a skipper of a sailing vessel that often ventured to Europe and up to London. Roy Lumb's uncle, John, would sail with Charles from time to time. As a trick, John would dilute Charles' liquor but eventually Charles caught on to the rouse. Apparently Charles Gregory was a very likeable fellow.	GREGORY, Charles (I2338)
1004	Charles was believed to be a commercial traveller throughout Britain, even following his marriage.	RUCK, Charles (I7059)
1005	Charles was the fourth child of George and Elizabeth Tamar Streeter. He married Martha Skilton during 1856 at Faversham. Witnesses to the marriage were George Streeter, Charles' father, and Mary Wilmot. Charles was recorded as being a carpenter at that time and his father, George, was noted as then being a coal merchant. The choice of Mary Wilmot as the second witness is a curious one. Mary Wilmot was a distant cousin by marriage to Charles through the Gregory family and certainly not an obvious choice for a witness to his marriage. However, she may have been a great friend of Martha Skilton as, thus far, no relationship has been found to have existed between Martha and Mary. Curiously, Charles and his family sought their fortunes out in parishes away from Faversham and indeed, only their first child had been born at Faversham - Fanny E., circa 1857. The next four children were all born at Boughton-under-Blean and the last known child was born circa 1871 at Canterbury. Fthe family was still living at Canterbury at the time of the 1881 census. Charles was maintaining his occupation of carpenter while his daughter, Fanny, worked as a housemaid for a Joseph Hunt of Canterbury. By 1891 Charles, Martha, Fanny, who was still unmarried, and Walter, also unmarried, were living at 1 Tudor Road, Canterbury. Charles was described as a carpenter-joiner and Walter a printer's compositor. Also living with them was daughter Emma, her husband, Edward Lancefield, and a teenager by the name of Dora Lancefield. Dora was described as a visitor and not a grandchild. She had been born at Camberwell during 1876 or 1877 and it is difficult to tell if Dora was Emma's child or simply a very young sister-in-law. Edward Lancefield was also working as a compositor.	STREETER, Charles Thomas (I3173)
1006	Charles worked in the munitions factory in Faversham for a short while before emigrating to Australia at the age of 18. He eventually married and purchased a large sheep farm in Busselton, south of Perth. An article appears in the local Faversham paper on 11 August 1974, reproduced here, below. "Farmer returns after 50 years down under. A Faversham born man whose ancestors had roots in Faversham since the early 15th century [this claim has not been proven by my research] returned to the town after 50 years in Australia. Mr. Charles Stuart Gregory was born at "The Brents" - he is 72 - the youngest of a family of three. His mother died when he was nine, and he worked in Faversham Munitions Factory until the age of 18. He went to Australia at the age of 21, and worked on the wheat areas east of Perth. He now owns a 230-acre dairy farm in Busselton, 150 miles south of Perth, and his daughter Cynthia and her husband Kevin are running the farm during his stay in England. His other daughter lives in Sidney with her husband David. Mr. Gregory, staying with his cousin Mr. Walter Gregory in Kingsnorth Road, sees many changes in Faversham - and England - since he lived here 50 years ago. He sees a large increase in the number of houses, and the amount of land which has been used for building. And in one day on the motorway, he saw more cars than he sees in a year in Australia. Mr. Gregory also says that the population has increased "beyond all proportion". While in Faversham, he is trying to trace his relatives before returning to Australia on November 18. Ancestors on his father's side have been prominent in Faversham's history for hundreds of years. They were mainly freemen, one of whom fitted out a ship called "Hayarde" which fought and helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1585, and for many years they owned their own ship. [The claim of involvement in the Armada likewise has yet to be proven through my research efforts.] The Gregory ancestors obtained a concession for being watchmen of the sea, watching and helping to fight invading enemies. They were also given certain fishing rights on the oyster beds at Whitstable and it is in fact with the oysters that the Gregorys were most involved. Being freemen they bought their own ship, docked mainly at Sheerness and the Isle of Sheppey. Not just anybody could have rights in the beds. One had to be admitted, it was the Gregorys along with the Jemmetts who dominated them from the early 1800s to the mid 1900s. Mr. Gregory's father, Edward Gregory, who was one of the few Gregorys to be christened with only one name, was born in Faversham in 1860. He had very little schooling and when his father died his education stopped completely. At the time he was apprenticed to the fishermen and inherited the rights of his forefathers as a freeman. The rest of his life was spent fishing on the oyster beds. Edward was admitted to the oyster beds in 1880. His last ship was named the "Secret" and was found several years ago lying wrecked on a beach. Unfortunately in 1922 the freemen and dredger men were sold out as it was impossible to find apprentices because of the hard work. The last member of the Gregory family to be admitted to the bed was Walter Greig [this should have been "Lynch"] Gregory in 1912. Mr. Gregory's mother, Lydia Savin [recorded in the news article in error as Favin], was born in 1865. She, like all other Gregorys, was a dedicated churchgoer, and attended Faversham Parish Church regularly. Her first child, Mr. Gregory's sister, was born in 1897 and was baptised in the Parish Church by the Rev. Bonne. Until she was five Winifred Elizabeth went to Sunday School in Abbey Place. Soon after that the family moved to "The Brents" and Winifred attended Davington Primary School. She later went to the William Gibbs School after winning a scholarship. When her schooling finished Winifred travelled all over Europe and in 1924 emigrated to Canada. It was in Saskatchewan that she married. Mr. Gregory's brother, John Edward, was born in 1900. He went to the District School from the age of 2-1/2 years. At 15 he joined the Merchant Navy and went to Malta and Cairo. In 1920 he went to Canada to see his sister and worked for a while on a farm in Saskatchewan. In 1933 Mr. Gregory married his wife Lurlie, who is accompanying him on his visit to England." A photograph of Charles Stuart Gregory and Lurlie appears with the above article. Unfortunately, there is no by-line with the article. It was received from Dr. Percival of the Fleur-de-lis Heritage Centre in Faversham. Alternate date of death is 17 June 1985	GREGORY, Charles Stuart Norman (I2387)
1007	Charles, the second son of Edward and Ann, as of 1871 was working as a cooper's apprentice. He was, however, still living at home with his mother, Ann, a laundress, and his youngest sibling, Ann aged 16 who was working as a general servant. The family lived at 8 Thomas Square at that time. In the intervening years between 1871 and 1881, he enlisted at Rochester for the Royal Engineers Regiment on 6 August 1872. He served in Bermuda for 2 years and 294 days and was struck off for permanent illness of "aortic valve disease" believed to have been caused by serving in the hot, humid climate of Bermuda. He was at Prospect, Bermuda at that time. His intended residence after leaving the regiment was stated as being Faversham. He was recorded as being of good character but not in possession of any good conduct badges. His service record also indicates that he had never been court martialled. He was 5 feet 6-1/2 inches tall with hazel [this would be the grey hazel] eyes, dark brown hair with a fresh complexion. I imagine his colouring to be very much like my mother's. He was serving as a sapper and a cooper. By 1881, however, Charles had again taken up the family trade on the seas. During the time of the census of that year Charles was unmarried and working as a mate aboard the "William and George" with William Rye of Faversham, Master, 33, at Whitstable. His fate following that time is unknown until his death in 1885 is recorded. Possible outcome: PPR index 1894 GREGORY Charles John of 7 Morden-hill, Lewisham, Kent, steamship engineer died on or since 8 November 1893 at sea. Administration, London, 28 March to Amy Elizabeth Gregory, widow. Effects GB216 14s. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Possible lead: First name(s) Charles Last name Gregory Marriage year 1891 Marriage date 22 Feb 1891 Place Deptford Spouse's first name(s) Maritta Spouse's last name Marks County Kent Country England Source St.Pauls Deptford 1880-1895 Record set Thames & Medway Marriages Category Birth, Marriage, Death & Parish Records Subcategory Parish Marriages Collections from England, Great Britain Kent, Bromley Absent Voters List 1918 What can I do with this record? We will use the details from this record to create your family tree for you Is this the same person? We've found the following potential record matches for the same person in other record sets Charles L Gregory Record: 1939 Register Location: Kent, England Year of census: 1939 Charles Gregory Record: Census Record Location: Kent, England Year of census: 1841 Charles Gregory Record: First World War Record Location: Great Britain Year of service: 1920 Charles Gregory Record: First World War Record Location: Down Year of service: 1913 Charles Gregory Record: Parish Baptisms Record Location: Kent, England Year of birth: 1860 Frederick Charles T Gregory Record: Parish Burials Record Location: Kent, England Year of death: 1999 First name(s) Charles Last name Gregory Gender Male Service number 10478 Rank Private Unit/Regiment HAC Italy Service Army Year 1918 Address 32 Palace Grove Ward Sundridge Ward North Place Bromley County Kent Country England Description Absent Voters List, Bromley Council 1918 Entry no 1435 Record set Kent, Bromley Absent Voters List 1918 Category Census, land & surveys Subcategory Electoral Rolls Collections from England, Great Britain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GREGORY, CHARLES 32 Order GRO Reference: 1878 J Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 364 GREGORY, CHARLES 74 Order GRO Reference: 1883 J Quarter in EASTRY Volume 02A Page 562 Order GREGORY, CHARLES SIDNEY 1 Order GRO Reference: 1880 S Quarter in HOO Volume 02A Page 276 GREGORY, CHARLES 74 Order GRO Reference: 1883 J Quarter in EASTRY Volume 02A Page 562 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 71 Order GRO Reference: 1886 M Quarter in BROMLEY Volume 02A Page 302 GREGORY, CHARLES 37 Order GRO Reference: 1895 M Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 6 GREGORY, CHARLES 37 Order GRO Reference: 1895 M Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 6 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 71 Order GRO Reference: 1898 S Quarter in MEDWAY Volume 02A Page 399 GREGORY, CHARLES 87 Order GRO Reference: 1902 J Quarter in FARNHAM Volume 02A Page 79 GREGORY, CHARLES 56 Order GRO Reference: 1907 M Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 27 Order GREGORY, CHARLES FOSTER 74 Order GRO Reference: 1907 S Quarter in SEVENOAKS Volume 02A Page 369 GREGORY, CHARLES 56 Order GRO Reference: 1907 M Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 27 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 68 Order GRO Reference: 1908 D Quarter in RICHMOND SURREY Volume 02A Page 281 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 63 Order GRO Reference: 1910 D Quarter in HAMBLEDON Volume 02A Page 113 Order GREGORY, CHARLES FOSTER 74 Order GRO Reference: 1907 S Quarter in SEVENOAKS Volume 02A Page 369 GREGORY, CHARLES 40 Order GRO Reference: 1915 J Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 40 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 66 Order GRO Reference: 1915 J Quarter in KINGSTON Volume 02A Page 628 GREGORY, CHARLES 40 Order GRO Reference: 1915 J Quarter in EPSOM Volume 02A Page 40 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 66 Order GRO Reference: 1915 J Quarter in KINGSTON Volume 02A Page 628 Order GREGORY, CHARLES FREDERICK 23 Order GRO Reference: 1919 D Quarter in BROMLEY Volume 02A Page 608 Order GREGORY, CHARLES JOSEPH 51 Order GRO Reference: 1916 S Quarter in CHERTSEY Volume 02A Page 80 Order GREGORY, CHARLES WHITCHER 81 Order GRO Reference: 1919 M Quarter in GRAVESEND Volume 02A Page 1150 GREGORY, CHARLES FREDERICK 23 Order GRO Reference: 1919 D Quarter in BROMLEY Volume 02A Page 608 Order GREGORY, CHARLES HENRY 46 Order GRO Reference: 1920 M Quarter in KINGSTON Volume 02A Page 519 Order GREGORY, CHARLES WHITCHER 81 Order GRO Reference: 1919 M Quarter in GRAVESEND Volume 02A Page 1150 GREGORY, CHARLES 78 Order GRO Reference: 1927 J Quarter in REIGATE Volume 02A Page 269 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 53 Order GRO Reference: 1927 D Quarter in KINGSTON Volume 02A Page 594 GREGORY, CHARLES 78 Order GRO Reference: 1927 J Quarter in REIGATE Volume 02A Page 269 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 53 Order GRO Reference: 1927 D Quarter in KINGSTON Volume 02A Page 594 GREGORY, CHARLES FREDERICK 29 Order GRO Reference: 1932 D Quarter in MEDWAY Volume 02A Page 949 GREGORY, CHARLES 57 Order GRO Reference: 1939 M Quarter in DARTFORD Volume 02A Page 1148 GREGORY, CHARLES 57 Order GRO Reference: 1939 M Quarter in DARTFORD Volume 02A Page 1148 Order GREGORY, CHARLES 78 Order GRO Reference: 1940 M Quarter in CROYDON Volume 02A Page 1799 Order GREGORY, CHARLES TAFF 74 Order GRO Reference: 1942 S Quarter in CROYDON Volume 02A Page 766	GREGORY, Charles ^ (I2188)
1008	Charlotte Ann Kennett first married John Osborne Maxwell during 1866. he was a farmer's son and commercial traveller. John Kennett and Julia Ann Longley or Langley, witnessed the marriage. John Maxwell was living in Ampton Street and Charlotte in Frederick Street, London, at the time of the wedding. John Maxwell died in Liverpool in 1868. Adrienne Rosher has found no children for this couple. Charlotte subsequently married Henry Harding. They lived at 104 Upper Street, Islington, London. Henry was a hairdresser. Charlotte died aged 31 of heart disease and some renal trouble on 3 May 1877 at 114 Upper Street, but the family home was still 104 Upper Street. Mabel and her father were on the 1881 census as living or visiting with John Kennett. Adrienne Rosher notes that Henry Harding was a witness with John Kennett at Woldemar Ohme Kennett's marriaged in Devon, England. The Alexander Harding who appeared as living with Woldemar and family on the 1881 census was Henry Harding's son by his first wife, Margaret, born at the same address as his half-sister, Mabel. Alexander was a violinist. Could this be why Ethel, Mabel and Hilda were musical and was Ethel's violin which was passed on to Denise and then to Celia, Alexander's violin, Adrienne wonders?	KENNETT, Charlotte Ann (I2756)
1009	Charter after 1229 [perhaps as late as 1250-60] Alice de Bending, in her widowhood, confirms to the Priory of Cumbwell all the grants of Robert de Thurnham, her grandfather, Stephen her father, and Edelinda her mother, and Mabel, Beatrix and Alienora, her sisters. Source: Archaeologia Cant., Vol. V, p. 218-219	DE THURNHAM, Alice (I13555)
1010	Check 1891 FreeCen or Ancestry William's first wife Sarah Simpson died 1893 in Ireland yet he's listed in 1891 census in England with Scottish wife Kate! ===================== Check 1911on FreeCen and Ancestry 1901- Hebburn: William McAloney (36 Coleraine), Kate McAloney (32), Isabella McAloney (5), Margaret McAloney (2) 1. William McAloney (1889 Portrush) https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1889/02467/1916177.pdf 2. Isabella McAloney (c1896-aft.1901) 3. Margaret McAloney (c1899-aft.1911) 4. Catherine McAloney (c1902-aft.1911) 5. Wilhelmina McAloney (c1903-aft.1911) =========================================================================== 1901 William Mcaloney Head M 36 Ireland Coleraine Kate Mcaloney Wife F 32 Scotland Lanarkshire Isabella Mcaloney Daughter F 5 Hebburn, Durham Margaret Mcaloney Daughter F 2 Hebburn, Durham John King Boarder M 22 Scotland William Miller Boarder M 34 Scotland CITING THIS RECORD "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XSHN-KGR : accessed 7 May 2016), William Mcaloney, Hebburn, Durham, England; from "1901 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing Boldon subdistrict, PRO RG 13, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. likely married in scotland as no marriage in england Marriages Sep 1916 McAloney Isabella henry Howell S.Shields 10a 1073 Births Dec 1919 Howell Edna McAloney S. Shields 10a 2092 Births Jun 1924 HOWELL Norman McALONEY S.Sheilds 10a 1761 Marriages Sep 1950 ? Howell Edna George Banks S. Shields 1a 2427 Births Sep 1958 BANKS Christine HOWELL S.Shields 1a 1183 Births Dec 1960 BANKS Graeme HOWELL S.Shields 1a 1244 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Births Mar 1899 McAloney Margaret S. Shields 10a 813 Marriages Mar 1918 McAloney Margaret james w Paton S.Shields 10a 1209 Births Sep 1920 Paton Cecil McAloney S Shields 10a 2038 Births Dec 1922 Paton Ernest McAloney S.Shields 10a 1504 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Births Jun 1901 McAloney Harriet Catherine S. Shields 10a 924 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Births Mar 1903 McALONEY Wilhelmina S. Shields 10a 949 Marriages Dec 1920 Hart John McAloney S.Shields 10a 1782a McAloney Wilhelmina Hart Births Jun 1921 Hart James E McAloney S.Shields 10a 2028 Births Mar 1923 Hart John R McAloney S.Shields 10a 1731 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Catherine McAloney abt 1869 Died Dec 1941 Northumberland South Northumberland	MCALONEY, William (I14236)
1011	Chief constable at Caernarvon, Wales	RUCK, Col. Arthur Ashley (I5887)
1012	Child 2 years old at time of christening.	JEMMETT, Clara (I10136)
1013	child 6 years old	JEMMETT, Austen Albert (I10134)
1014	At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Living (I15187)
1015	Child buried as being son of Robert.	TYLBYE, Richard (I11779)
1016	Child of William de Beauchamp Sarah de Beauchamp+1 d. a Jul 1317 Children of William de Beauchamp and Isabel Mauduit John Beauchamp+6 d. a 1297 William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick+1 b. 1237, d. 1298 Sir Walter de Beauchamp+4 b. 1255, d. 1303 Citations [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/1. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S1916] Tim Boyle, "re: Boyle Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 16 September 2006. Hereinafter cited as "re: Boyle Family." [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/1, page 610. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, page 44. [S22] Sir Bernard Burke, C.B. LL.D., A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, new edition (1883; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1978), page 399. Hereinafter cited as Burkes Extinct Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, page 45. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Source: A thesis by Sebastian Barfield, BA (Hons), MPhil. https://web.archive.org/web/20131231063814/http://users.powernet.co.uk/barfield/cont.htm] Retrieved 9 July 2017. Abstract This is an original thesis, which traces the history of the Beauchamp family, from the time they gained the earldom of Warwick in 1268 to the death of earl Thomas [I] in 1369. During these 101 years, the Beauchamp estates increased significantly, as did the families reputation. Chapter One follows the development of the family, focusing on the three Beauchamp earls, and examining to what extent their actions and personalities contributed to the family's success, as well as discussing the importance of other relatives. Chapter Two contains an overview of the families estates in this period, as well as a discussion of the various ways in which land was added to the estates, and an examination of the setbacks which occurred. Chapter Three is the most detailed of all, and is an examination of the nature and development of the bastard feudal networks in the midlands, to which the earls and their affinity belonged. It uses information contained in the Beauchamp cartulary to reconstruct the earls' affinities, and discusses the type of men the earls attracted to their retinue. THE BEAUCHAMP EARLS OF WARWICK, 1268-1369 by SEBASTIAN BARFIELD A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts of The University of Birmingham for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY Introduction William Beauchamp became the first of his family to hold the title of earl of Warwick in 1268. From this time, up to the middle of the fifteenth century, his family were the most powerful lay landholders in Worcestershire and Warwickshire, and influenced the course of British and European history both on and off the battlefield. Whilst their historical importance has been acknowledged by historians through the centuries, they have usually been cast in a supporting role to the figures whom the historian has regarded as the protagonist; Guy Beauchamp is usually seen by political historians of Edward II's reign as an assistant of the earl of Lancaster, Earl Thomas II, the appellant, is likewise seen as less of a figure in Richard II's opposition than the other appellants. Earl William and the first Earl Thomas are remembered by military historians for their deeds on the battlefield but for little else. When historians choose to examine the Beauchamp family, they are invariably attracted to the later, better documented period of the family's history. Sinclair, whose thesis The Beauchamp Earls of Warwick in the later middle ages skims through the century of the first three Beauchamp earls in the first chapter, devotes a whole chapter to the thirty-six year career of Richard Beauchamp, whilst using the rest of the thesis to trace the administration and affinity of that earl and his father. C. D. Ross has done some work on the estates of Richard Beauchamp, whilst there has also been some examination of Earl Thomas II's control over the Warwickshire shrievelty in the later fourteenth century. Furthermore, Richard Beauchamp's thirty-six year hegemony of Warwickshire has been subject to the labours of Dr Christine Carpenter, whose seminal work on Beauchamp's affinity and midlands society in the first quarter of the fifteenth century, combined with the efforts of other scholars, have practically made the need for any subsequent research into this period redundant. The reason for this concentration upon the later Beauchamp earls appears to be due to the wealth of documents, described by McFarlane as ‘particularly rich and varied’, which are only full from the 1390s onward. These documents include accounts of the earl's receiver-general, two valors, and household day books as well as many other important manuscripts. Using these sources, scholars, such as Ross and Sinclair, have been able to study the day-to-day administration of the Beauchamp household and estates at the beginning of the fifteenth century in considerable detail. Whilst the documents that would allow us to do the same for the beginning of the fourteenth century have been lost, this is not a reason for the serious historian to write off the first century of the Beauchamp family's tenure of the earldom of Warwick. Although we may not have the vivid, detailed sources with which historians of the later history of the family are spoiled, there are still a number of important sources for the period 1268 to 1369, not least of which are a private cartulary and a set of ‘unusually detailed wills’. The Beauchamp cartulary, ‘one of the most important of surviving English secular cartularies’ is itself worthy of individual study; containing 1,237 individual charters, it covers the period from the beginning of the twelfth century until the year 1392. The 384 charters from the period 1100-1268 have been transcribed and published, but the majority of the cartulary remains untranscribed. For the study of the first three Beauchamp earls it is an invaluable source, as over 700 of the charters cover the period 1268 to 1369. Despite being compiled in 1395-6, the number of charters concerning the acquisitions of Thomas II is minimal, with the result that well over half of the cartulary is relevant to our period of study. Combined with the wills, patent, close and fine rolls, as well as the odd chance surviving manuscript, we have a large amount of source material at our disposal. For the purposes of this study, I have examined the history of the Beauchamp family from three separate angles. Chapter One takes a general, biographical approach describing the exploits of the three earls and their descendants, their impact upon the politics of the day, and their various marriage alliances. This is the approach which most students of the Beauchamp family have chosen to take for the period 1268 to 1369, as McFarlane does in his chapter ‘The Beauchamps and the Staffords’. The second chapter examines the fortunes of the family's estates in this period. The first century of Beauchamp rule was one of considerable importance for the future of the family, as it saw a great increase in the size of the Warwick estates. Whilst historians such as Holmes have examined the estates of the Clare inheritance in our period, the development and growth of the Beauchamp lands at this time was of profound importance for future generations, given that it saw their patrimony and status rise to elevate them from the bottom rung of the higher nobility in the later thirteenth century, to the middle of the pack by 1369. A survey and examination of the family's acquisitions has never been accurately compiled, and the second chapter attempts to remedy this. It also seeks to look at the successes and failures of the Beauchamps land policy at this time. The third, and most extensive, chapter is an examination of the west midlands political community as it stood under the first three Beauchamp earls and the ways in which the family achieved control over it. I have used a considerable amount of data contained in the Beauchamp cartulary to reconstruct the Beauchamp's affinity in an attempt to investigate their local authority, what methods they used to achieve it, and how it developed over the course of the century. In this respect I am following on from some of Hilton's ideas from A Medieval Society where he examines the whole spectrum of midlands society at the end of the thirteenth century, although I have restricted myself to the upper levels of this society. The chapter also connects to Carpenter's work on the affinity of Richard Beauchamp at the beginning of the fifteenth century, as many of the practices which she observes at that time developed during the period of the first three Beauchamp earls. The period between 1268 and 1369 was a crucial one in the history of the family, and in many respects deserves more historical scrutiny than the family's later history. It was a century of expansion and consolidation in which the family saw a considerable increase in the size of their patrimony, and a period in which they established a hold on national politics. It saw a gradual shift in the interests of the earls from their traditional base in Worcestershire to their main caput around Warwick. Furthermore it saw the consolidation of their influence over midlands society, as they eventually established a hold over the offices of local administration and maintained their control through a network of ‘bastard feudal’ connections. All of these were relevant to the successes and failures of the family after 1369. Chapter 1 : The Beauchamp family to 1369 Sir William, the first earl of Warwick from the Beauchamp family, formally did homage for his lands on 9 February 1268. From the outset, this was unusual; whereas most sons only received their inheritance on the death of their father, it is evident that Earl William's father, William Beauchamp of Elmley, was still alive at the time when his son acceded to the earldom; the will of the elder William clearly refers to his son as the ‘earl of Warwick’, and we also have an undated charter in which the elder William Beauchamp concedes 20 librates of land to his son, ‘William, earl of Warwick’. William Beauchamp of Elmley had the right to assume the title of earl himself, as had happened in similar circumstances a generation earlier, but chose to give the title to his eldest son. Earl William had inherited his title from his uncle, William Mauduit, whose sister Isabel had married William Beauchamp of Elmley, Earl William's father. It was the union between William and Isabel which proved to be the making of the Beauchamp fortunes, changing them from a strong family of regional significance into one of the greatest English families of the later middle ages. The Beauchamps, up to this time, were essentially a great Worcestershire family. They derived their fortune from the marriage of their ancestor Walter Beauchamp to the daughter of Urse D'Abitot, the ‘Conqueror's notorious sheriff of Worcester’, around the year 1110. D'Abitot, along with his brother Robert, had seized a great part of his land from the church in Worcester during the years of the conquest, and Walter Beauchamp inherited half of D'Abitot's estates, including the castle of Elmley which was their principal centre of power in the period from 1110 to 1268. From the twelfth to the fifteenth century, the Beauchamps owed much of their pre-eminence to a number of fortunate marriages, and the marriage to D'Abitot's heiress was the first of these. They were of that class of men whose ability and influence made them essential cogs in the administrative machinery of the localities; part of D'Abitot's inheritance was the hereditary shrievalty of Worcestershire and, although free to nominate a deputy to perform the job in his place, only Walter Beauchamp (II), Earl William's grandfather, did not serve as sheriff of Worcestershire, in person, for at least part of his adult life. The shrievalty certainly helped to secure the Beauchamps' status as the most prominent lay landholders in Worcestershire, a county unusually dominated by ecclesiastical landlords. There is no doubt that the Beauchamp family would have continued to be only of regional historical importance were it not for the marriage between William Beauchamp of Elmley and Isabel Mauduit. The Mauduits were a ‘respectable official family’ in the same mould as the Beauchamps. One of Isabel's ancestors had been chamberlain of the exchequer under Henry I, and the Mauduits inherited that hereditary office from him. What made Isabel such a prized catch, however, was that her brother, William Mauduit, earl of Warwick, lacked legitimate issue, making Isabel his heiress. Mauduit had inherited the title from his mother, a member of the twelfth-century Beaumont earls of Warwick. The inheritance of the earldom can perhaps be viewed as more of a fortuitous accident than a planned marriage; Earl William was said to be between the ages of 26 and 30 in 1268, placing the marriage of William and Isabel in the late 1230s or early 1240s. At this time, the chances of the earldom passing to Isabel must have seemed remote at best: Thomas Beaumont was married to Ela, countess of Salisbury (who nearly lived on until the very end of the thirteenth century), and if their union failed to produce any issue, then it was likely that the marriage of his sister Margery to John de Plessis probably would. It was only on Margery's death in 1253 that it was clear the earldom was going to descend to the Mauduits, and even then any issue from the marriage of William Mauduit and Alice de Segrave would have prevented the earldom coming into William of Elmley's hands. In effect the earldom descended by chance and by default, for it was the failure of both the Beaumont and Mauduit lines to produce male heirs that allowed the earldom to pass into the hands of the Beauchamps in 1268, and not the result of a cunning marriage policy on the part of William of Elmley. By January 1268, William of Elmley and Isabel Mauduit had produced at least seven children. Of the three sons, all of them were to found important branches of the family which survived into the fifteenth century. William was the eldest of the three, and not only inherited the earldom, but also most of the Beauchamp estates that had been built up in the past 150 years. However, generous endowments were given to the two younger sons, Walter and John: John began the line of the Beauchamps of Holt, who were based in the Severn valley, north of Worcester, and Walter was granted lands in south-west Warwickshire. The Beauchamps, throughout our period, were well known for their military accomplishments: William of Elmley had fought in Scotland and Wales, and all three of his sons appear to have followed in the family's martial tradition. William proved himself on the battlefields of Scotland and Wales; Walter, it would appear, had an ambition to go on a crusade. His father's will describes him as a ‘crusader’, and William left his son a debt of 200 marks in aid ‘of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land for me and his mother’. By the late 1290s he was calling himself the ‘lord of Alcester’, having purchased, in 1271-72, the moiety of the manor of Alcester in Warwickshire, making that place one of his principal seats, alongside Powick in Worcestershire. Walter was also to follow in the family's tradition of administrative service; in Prestwich's words he was ‘well schooled in the established tradition of the household’ and was a highly suitable choice for the post of steward of the royal household, an appointment which suited both his bureaucratic and military skills. Walter was appointed as steward in 1289, became sole steward in 1292, and held this position until his death in early 1303. He served with the king in Flanders and Scotland, fighting alongside Edward in the battle of Falkirk and appears to have been a man much admired for his military prowess, but criticised for his arrogance; the Song of Caerlaverock describes Walter as ‘a knight who would have been one of the best of all, according to my opinion, if he had not been too proud and rashly insolent, but you won't hear anyone talk of the steward without a "but"’. John Beauchamp of Holt was a lesser figure than his two brothers, although the three of them did fight together in Gascony in 1296/7, and he served the following year in Scotland. It appears that he may have been one of the Beauchamps, alongside Earl Guy, and William, lord of Bergavenny, in succeeding generations, who was inclined to cultured pursuits; for his father bequeathed him ‘that book of Lancelot which I have provided for him’. Whilst John of Holt was not a man of national importance like his brothers, he was of significant standing locally, and the dynasty was to remain loyal to the earls of Warwick until the end of the fourteenth century. James, another male relative of Earl William, deserves mention. Sometimes described as the earl's uncle, at other times the earl's brother, James appears to have been the most intellectually active of the Beauchamps, as well as the most obscure member of the family; in 1283 he was granted royal protection to go overseas ‘for study’. The fate of Isabel Mauduit, wife of William of Elmley, and mother to Walter, William, and John is much disputed. Cokayne insists that she died at some point before 1268 whilst Dugdale insists that, as the foundress of the nunnery of Cookhill, she ‘betooke herself to a religious life there’. The only evidence for either of these assumptions is the internal evidence contained in William of Elmley's will. Certainly, William does make provision for a chaplain to ‘perform divine service in my chapel without the city of Worcester, next the Friars Minors, for my soul and the souls of Isabella my wife and Isabella de [Mortimer] and all the faithful dead’, endowing the church with property in Droitwich and Witton, and it is this which Cokayne sees as proof that she had died by the time William had written his will, although there is no other reason to suppose that this was the case. Moreover, the same document explicitly states ‘To the church and nuns of Kokeshull [Cookhill] and to Ysabella, my wife, 10 marks’. Admittedly, this does present some problems: Isabella would appear to have become a nun at least several months before the death of her husband, and not after his death as was usual. Also the allocation to her of 10 marks seems remarkably tight-fisted when compared to the 200 marks he gave Walter, or the 100 marks in aid of the marriage of his daughter Sarah. It is possible that Isabel took her vows out of concern for the state of the Warwick earldom. Matriarchs connected to the earldom of Warwick had an unnerving ability to outlive their husbands by a considerable margin; in 1268 there were no less than three of these women, Countess Ela, Angaret, and Alice, who between them soaked up valuable demesne lands in the earl's possession. It has been calculated that, at one point, these dowagers siphoned off around 22% of the earl's income. From the time of the Beauchamp accession in 1268, it was not unusual for surviving widows and unmarried daughters to enter the convent instead of being a potential drain upon the family's resources, and what is certain is that the Beauchamps could not afford a fourth dowager. In the context of this situation, Isabel's entering the convent of Cookhill does seem to be a very likely possibility. Of the first three Beauchamp earls of Warwick, Earl William is the most shadowy figure. Clearly a great and important figure in his day, no chroniclers have left us any personal picture of the man, in the way which they have for his son and grandson. William was a soldier of considerable importance; he was frequently summoned against the Welsh between 1277 and 1294, and from 1296 to his death in 1298 was involved in the Scottish wars. He was a vigorous and innovative military commander, and it is in this role that he is best remembered by historians and chroniclers; his tactics at the battle of Maes Moydog over the Welsh forces commanded by Madog ap Llywelyn have been credited as anticipating the successful use of crossbow men at Falkirk, although there is some dispute as to how much of the victory can be ascribed to Earl William's strategy. He was also present at the siege of Droselan, and with John, earl of Surrey, helped recover the castle of Dunbar. Apart from his military exploits, William appears to have had a tendency toward hot-headedness; particularly demonstrated by his exhumation of his father's corpse in the middle of the church of the Friars Minor in Worcestershire, because he had given credence to the rumour that someone else had been buried in his stead. After his brothers, who were present and identified their father ‘by certain markings’, the earl was excommunicated for his sacrilegious actions. Despite this episode, and the lifelong enmity between him and Bishop Giffard, William appears to have been a conventionally religious man; he added ‘crosse-crosslets’ to his coat of arms, which Dugdale interprets as possibly implying a ‘testimony of....pilgrimage by him made into the holy land, or a vow to do so’. By the end of his life the earl had resolved any quarrel with the Minorites, and, under the influence of Brother John de Olney, bequeathed his body to their church. The friars, according to a disgruntled annalist at Worcester Cathedral, ‘having got hold of the body of so great a man, like conquerors who had obtained booty, paraded the public streets, and made a spectacle for the citizens’. It was also William who began to cultivate the association of the Beauchamp earls with the legendary tale of ‘Gui de Warwic’. The tale of Guy de Warwick is an Anglo-Norman romance which has been dated from between 1232 and 1242, and is thought to have been written to flatter Thomas Beaumont, the contemporary earl of Warwick. William's appropriation of the name ‘Guy’ for his eldest surviving son was undoubtedly influenced by the mythical figure of Guy of Warwick. Previously the most common male family names were either William or Walter, with James and John also being used occasionally for younger sons. The Beauchamp family grew increasingly attached to the legend of Guy of Warwick as our period progressed: not only was Guy used as a name for the firstborn son of Earls William and Thomas (I), but Thomas (I) named one of his younger sons ‘Reinbrun’ after the son of the mythical Guy. ‘Un volum del Romaunce du Guy’ is listed in the collection of books which Earl Guy gave to Bordesley Abbey in 1305, and he was reputedly buried there with the relics of his legendary namesake. By the time of Thomas I's death in 1369, the legend of Guy of Warwick was so interwoven into the Beauchamps' psyche that he bequeathed his son ‘the coat of mail sometime belonging to that famous Guy of Warwick’ as the most highly treasured of his possessions; in his will, this mythical relic took precedence over other caskets of gold, and ornate crosses containing pieces of Christ's cross. As McGoldrick points out, ‘the holiest of relics from good kings and venerated public figures were subordinate to symbols of family honour and ancestry’. However the ‘family honour and ancestry’ was an invented one, and William's adoption of the Guy of Warwick legend must, at least in part, have been motivated by shrewd political and practical reasons. He belonged to a family of administrators, and owed his earldom either to good fortune or, as some might suppose, manipulative social climbing. It is no surprise that he should have adopted this legend in 1268, for it provided the family with a noble heritage and a heroic legitimacy. By Earl Thomas' time, the Beauchamps were firmly established amongst the higher nobility, and his attachment to the legend of Guy of Warwick appears to have been fostered by a genuine sense of family honour. William had married Maud, the daughter of Sir John Fitz-Geoffrey whose lands were concentrated in Surrey and Essex, and was the widow of Sir Gerard de Furnivalle. Furnivalle died in 1261, and it would appear likely that she had married Earl William by the time of his accession as earl; their son Guy is described as ‘30 or more’ in 1301, placing his birth in 1271, and there is no reason at all to suppose that he was among the first born of William and Maud's seven children. In fact it would make sense for Maud to have married William soon after the death of her first husband, well before the succession to the Warwick inheritance had been determined. McFarlane refers to the Fitz-Geoffrey as a ‘very minor baronial house’, and it would seem likely that this marriage was at least arranged before the succession of the earldom of Warwick had been properly secured. The notion, sometimes put forward, that William married Maud for financial gain can also be dismissed. Maud is frequently referred to as an heiress; indeed she was one of four co-heiresses to the Fitz-Geoffrey estates after her brother died without issue in 1297. However it is most unlikely that this chance windfall had been a factor in the arrangement of their marriage thirty years previously. Whatever the circumstances of the marriage, Earl William was clearly fond of his wife. Judging by his will, William does seem to have possessed a sentimental side; he requests that if he should die oversees, his heart be removed from his body and buried wherever his wife (‘his dear consort’) should choose to have herself interred, and their surviving son Guy was present when she was buried next to her husband. She certainly seems to have suffered from a disabling infirmity toward the end of her life which made travel impossible, but this does not appear to have been a hindrance earlier on, for they had seven children that we are aware of. Of the three sons, Guy was the only one to outlive his father; Robert died in infancy and Dugdale maintains that John ‘died in the life of his father’, although it does not seem likely that he survived long into his childhood. By the time of the earl's death, two of his daughters were nuns at Shouldham in Norfolk, a remote monastery with close links to the FitzGeoffrey family, taking up a cloistered existence like so many women in the Beauchamp family. After Guy, their sister Isabel was the most fortunate of that generation. She firstly married into the Gloucestershire family of Chaworth; Sir Pain de Chaworth had fought with Prince Edward in his crusade and his heir Patrick, whom Isabel married, was a man of reasonable importance, possessing land or property in Berkshire, Wiltshire, Wales and Southampton. This marriage yielded one child, Maud, who went on to marry the king's nephew, Henry of Lancaster. Dugdale reports that, following Chaworth's death in 1286-7, Isabel had four manors in Wiltshire, and two in Berkshire, assigned to her ‘until her dowry should be set forth’ along with the livery of Chedworth in Gloucestershire, and the Hampshire manor of Hartley Mauditt, which had been granted to her and her husband in frankmarriage by her father. Shortly afterwards, she married the elder Despenser, without the king's licence, for which Hugh Despenser was fined 2,000 marks. The figure of Guy Beauchamp, the second Beauchamp earl, is a much clearer figure than that of his father, largely due to his outspoken political criticism of the failings of Edward II which attracted much attention from contemporary chroniclers. We have already noted that he was born in the early 1270s, but from then we do not know anything until the occasion of his knighthood on 25 March 1296. What is certain is that he enjoyed an unusually broad education for his age. The description of Earl Guy in the Annales Londonienses as ‘bene literatus’ is seized on by McFarlane who reminds us that contemporary prelates were only ‘literatus’ if they possessed a university education. McFarlane refutes the notion that Guy spent any time at Oxford, but insists that the term ‘can hardly have meant less than that he was well grounded in Latin grammar’. It seems likely, however, that he was grounded in much more; Tout, by no means an admirer, admits that the earl possessed an education ‘seldom found in the higher nobility of his age’. Guy's extensive library is well known, and we have a catalogue of what would appear to have been a small selection from it, which the earl presented to Bordesley Abbey in 1306, described by McGoldrick as ‘one of the most interesting book collections of the fourteenth century’. The majority of the works in the list are ‘romaunces’, meaning they were written either in French or Anglo-Norman, and concern such diverse topics as the lives of Titus and Vespasian, physiology and surgery, biblical tales, legends of the holy grail, lives of the saints, and historical stories concerning figures such as Charlemagne and Alexander. One book is mentioned only as ‘un petit rouge livre, en le quel sount contenuz mous diverses choses’. The inclusion of a number of ‘chansons de gestes’, outdated by the early fourteenth century, could betray Earl Guy's conservative literary tastes, or else might simply represent a clear-out of some of the older books in the Warwick library. Guy was not the only Beauchamp book-owner that we know of in our period. His daughter, Matilda de Say, was to enter the royal household of Edward III, and bequeathed a number of unnamed French and Latin books to John de Harleston. Her sister-in-law, Katherine Mortimer (wife of Earl Thomas [I]) left a book of ‘ch’ to her son Thomas. Perhaps this refers to a book of songs [‘chansons’], but whatever, Earl Guy is perhaps the best example of a cultured and cerebral member of the higher nobility in the early fourteenth century. This was not lost on his contemporaries: the author of the Vita Edwardi Secundi claims that ‘in wisdom and council he had no peer’, and that ‘other earls did many things only after taking his opinion’; the author of the Lanercost chronicle credits him with ‘equal wisdom and integrity’, whilst the Annales Londonienses describes Beauchamp as ‘homo discretus et bene literatus per quem totum regnum Angliae sapienta praefulgebat’. A streak of simple piety, in an age unrenowned for its modesty, is evident in Guy's will, in which he requests that he be buried in Bordesley Abbey in a simple ceremony ‘without any great pomp’, especially when we compare it with the preparations made for the funeral of his grandson, William Beauchamp, Lord Bergavenny, who requested that five tapers be hung about his body from the moment of death, and that twenty-four poor men be cloaked in black, and each carrying torches, before 10,000 masses are said ‘by the most honest priest that can be found’. His affinity for the austerity of the Cistercian order was probably, in part, political. It would be surprising to find him embracing the Benedictines after his father's quarrels with Bishop Giffard. However, there is also the small possibility that Guy was influenced by the Cistercian ideas in the romance The Quest for the Holy Grail. A number of the books which the earl gave to Bordesley Abbey were Arthurian romances, and it is just possible that the earl was influenced by this piece of Cistercian propaganda. What makes Earl Guy interesting is the contradictory nature of his character, perhaps best summed up by Tout when he compared the earl to the ‘cultivated aristocratic ruffians’ found in the later renaissance. This apparently ‘discreet’ and ‘well-read’ man was also a highly skilled soldier and ruthless politician; he served frequently in the Scottish wars under Edward I, and was present at Falkirk, the siege of Carlaverock and the siege of Stirling Castle. He clearly cut a very impressive figure on the battlefield, and the author of the Siege of Carlaverock claims that: ‘De Warwik le Count Guy Coment ken ma rime de guy Ne avoit voisin de lui mellour Baniere ot de rouge coulour O feasse de or et croissilie’ in a clear reference to the Beauchamp coat of arms. His single-mindedness can be seen in his activities during the reign of Edward II, when, despite Lancaster's de jure leadership of the baronial opposition, Earl Guy seems to have been the most active opponent of Edward and Gaveston. The Vita Edwardi Secundi sees Earl Guy as the ‘brains behind the Ordinances’, when it claims that it was ‘by his advice and skill the Ordinances were framed’. Earl Guy also merits the distinction of being the only earl to have opposed Gaveston's influence at court consistently from Edward's coronation until Gaveston's death in 1312, which was largely engineered by the earl himself. His nick-name of ‘the black dog of Arden’, reputedly coined by Gaveston, probably refers to more than his swarthy complexion. Indeed the Chronicle of Lanercost claims that ‘when this was reported to the earl, he is said to have replied with calmness: "If he call me a dog, be sure that I will bite him so soon as I shall perceive my opportunity"’. Guy, it would appear, married twice. He first married Isabella de Clare, daughter of the earl of Gloucester, at some point prior to May 1297. The two were related in the ‘third degree of consanguinity’, and so had to obtain a papal dispensation which was granted to them on 11 May 1297, stating that the marriage had, on an unspecified date, already taken place. How long the marriage survived is not known, but divorce proceedings were in motion by June 1302, and the marriage had probably been dead for some time before that. Perhaps the reason for the failure of the marriage was Isabel's age; she was at least ten years the senior, and in 1302 she would have been in her early forties, making the chances of her producing an heir most unlikely, and the marriage, for however long it survived, does not seem to have produced any children. In 1306, apparently concerned that his lands would be split up if he died without issue, Guy entailed his entire estates to his nephew, Philip Despenser. The earl remarried in 1310, to Alice de Tony, sister and heiress of Ralph de Tony, and therefore the heiress of the Tony inheritance. The value of the Tony inheritance is much disputed, for Alice already had issue by Thomas de Leyburn, her first husband, and McFarlane maintains the earl ‘merely enjoyed her inheritance from their marriage in 1310 until his death five years later’. However, this is patently untrue as a glance at the Inquisitions Post Mortem of Earls Guy and Thomas will demonstrate. The manors of Walthamstow in Essex, Abberley in Worcestershire, Flamstead in Hertfordshire, Stratford Tony and Newton Tony in Wiltshire, Kirtling in Cambridgeshire, and the lordship of Painscastle in the Welsh Marches, were all to become valuable and important parts of the Beauchamp inheritance, although, as Sinclair rightly points out, the presence of a surviving Tony dowager meant that the earldom had only two-thirds of the inheritance until she died in 1340. The marriage seems to have been successful in more than just the property which it brought into the family; during the time of their marriage, Alice was constantly pregnant, supplying Earl Guy with at least six children in the space of five years, all of whom survived infancy and subsequently married. After Guy's death, Alice went on to marry William Zouche of Ashby, with whom she had more children, and was married to him until her death in 1324. When Earl Guy died in 1315, which contemporary rumours claimed was from poison administered on the orders of Edward II, Alice was bequeathed a portion of his plate, a crystal cup, and half of his bedding, plus ‘all the vestments and books pertaining to his chapel’, while Thomas, his eldest son, was left a coat of mail, helmet and suit of harness, and John, the younger son, received his second coat of mail. His daughter Maud received a crystal cup, and Elizabeth, another daughter, received the marriage of the Astley heir. However, there was a very serious problem. Thomas, the eldest son, was between one and two years old at the death of his father, meaning that, as was the practice in these circumstances, the estates of the earldom would be taken into the possession of the crown. The abuse of lands taken into the hands of the crown was common at this period, and a lengthy period of minority could have produced long term repercussions for the inheritance, with lands being exploited and neglected by those charged with their maintenance. The dying earl was certainly aware of the dangers which a prolonged minority could bring, and was successful in wringing a very valuable concession from Edward II, that, on the event of the earl's death, the executors of his will should have full custody of his lands ‘until the full age of his heirs’. It was fully in keeping with Edward II's character, that the crown's assurance was soon disregarded, and the Warwick lands were taken into the crown's hands within two years of Guy's death, and remained out of the control of the executors until Thomas came of age. Possession of the Warwick estates from this point, until 1329, was determined by the whims of royal patronage. The Despensers were the prime beneficiaries in Edward II's reign, with the elder Despenser gaining wardship of all Guy's lands except for a few which had already been granted, for which he agreed to pay 1,000 marks a year, an arrangement soon commuted in Despenser's favour, allowing Despenser the custody of the Warwick estates in consideration of £6,770 which the king owed him. The issue of custody of the Warwick lands was brought up in 1321 in the articles against the Despensers. The agreement that the Warwick earldoms should be handled by Guy's executors is said to have been repealed ‘without reason’ except to deliver to the elder Despenser ‘the wardship of those lands for his own profit, so defeating by [the Despensers'] evil counsel what the king had granted in his parliaments by good counsel with the assent of the peers of the land’. The only long term effect which the events of 1321-22 had on the Warwick lands was to remove Elmley Castle from the hands of the elder Despenser and take it back into the hands of the crown, with the rest of the estates remaining in the Despensers' possession until Isabella and Mortimer's invasion in 1327. Afterwards, the lands passed to Roger Mortimer, who was able to capitalise on his predominance at the royal court by taking custody of Thomas' wardship. It was at this time that the marriage of Thomas to Katherine Mortimer seems to have finally taken place. The marriage itself was worth 1,600 marks, and had originally been granted to Roger Mortimer as far back as 20 July 1318. There were problems with this arrangement, for the king had arranged a dispensation from the pope, granted 19 April 1319, on account of the two being related ‘in the third and fourth degrees of consanguinity’. The purpose of the union was to put an end to the ‘great discord’ that existed between Earl Guy and Mortimer over the manor of Elvel, in the marches of Wales, although it should be noted that the Mortimers gained more from the arrangement than the Beauchamps, for Katherine did not bring with her any marriage portion. This arrangement seems to have been permanently shelved by Edward, following the troubles of 1321-22, which resulted in Mortimer's dramatic fall from royal favour and imprisonment, and arrangements were made for Thomas to marry one of the daughters of the earl of Arundel, either in 1324 or 1325. Arundel was executed along with the Despensers in the reprisals which followed Isabella and Mortimer's invasion, and with Mortimer back in royal favour, the original plans for the marriage between Katherine and Thomas were back in place, and they were almost certainly married between 1328 and 1330. Of Guy's other children, the career of John Beauchamp is the most documented, being considered ‘a person of singular note in his time’. Like his father and brother, he was a military man, attending the king into Flanders in 1338, present at the naval victory of Sluys in 1340, and, along with his brother, one of the original knights of the Garter. He had the distinction of carrying the standard-royal at Crecy, and was appointed captain of Calais in 1358. John was raised to the rank of banneret in 1348, having £140 per annum granted to him from the exchequer to help him support the title. John fell out briefly with his king in 1354, who removed John from his post as Constable of the Tower of London, because Edward supposedly gave credence to ‘sinister suggestions’ against Beauchamp. He was swiftly back in favour with the king, and John faithfully served Edward until his death. He was based primarily in the capital, where he built an impressive house which was subsequently bought by the crown and used for the king's wardrobe. By the time of his death in 1360, he had acquired the Worcestershire manor of Frankley, as well as Brockenhurst in Hampshire, and gained the Wiltshire manors of Stratford Tony and Newton Tony from his elder brother. Of Guy's daughters, Elizabeth did indeed marry the heir of the Warwickshire lord, Nicholas of Astley, which her father had granted in his will. Thomas de Astley was in fact Nicholas' nephew, and he founded a chapel for the aid of the souls of him and his wife in 1337. It is not known how long she lived for, but it seems that they produced at least six children, and that he was still alive in 1366. Maud, another of Guy's daughters, led a more colourful life. She firstly married Geoffrey de Say, whose property included manors in Middlesex, Hertfordshire and Kent. Together, they produced at least four children. William was the only boy, and his father's heir. Of the three daughters, Idonea went on to marry John Clinton of Maxstoke. Maud was also very close to Edward III, Queen Philippa, and their daughter Isabel; she was so valued by the royal family that, in 1368, she was awarded an annuity of 100 marks per annum for her long service in the royal household. After Geoffrey's death in 1359, it appears that she married again, for in her will she requests that she be buried in Black Friars, London ‘near Edmund, my beloved husband’, but Edmund's identity remains a mystery. Earl Thomas has been described as the ‘embodiment of the preux chevalier’, a man apparently uninterested in domestic political machinations, but devoutly faithful to his king. In Dugdale's words, he was ‘scarcely out of some great or memorable imployment’, and was undoubtedly one of the finest soldiers of his age. The reason for his loyalty may lie in the circumstances of his youth. Sinclair is right to point out that there is much we do not know about the circumstances of his minority. What is certain is that he and Edward III were very close in age, Edward being two years Thomas' senior, and that in, January 1328, Joan du Boys, a nurse to Princess Eleanor, was curiously described as ‘keeper of the land and heir of Guy de Beauchamp’. There is a reasonable chance that Thomas may well have spent some of his youth in the royal household, and the chances of a friendship existing at the time of his minority are reasonable, given that the new king did ‘a special favour’ for Thomas by receiving his homage on 20 February 1329, despite the fact that Beauchamp was then still a minor. McFarlane is probably right in assuming that the two young men would have found a common bond in their animosity to the court favourites of Edward II and Isabella when he writes that ‘nor was Edward III likely to be unsympathetic toward those who had suffered at the hands of the Despensers and Mortimer’. Thomas, like his father and grandfather, served in Scotland frequently during the 1330s, being captain of the army against the Scots in 1337, but is most remembered for his service in France which constantly preoccupied him from 1339 up until his death in Calais thirty years later. Most notably, he was at the battle of Crecy in 1346, where he was one of the two marshals of the army, and held joint command of the Prince of Wales' division. The Complete Peerage provides an effective summary of the earl's exploits, which are far too extensive and of too little relevance to merit inclusion here. Of interest to us are the rewards which Earl Thomas received for his services. His loyalty to the king's cause was certainly very lucrative and he frequently enjoyed one-off payments of cash after major excursions; he obtained £1,000 in June 1340 for his wages following the French campaign the previous year, which saw the withdrawal of the French army at Vironfosse, and a further £610 was earned the following year ‘for the time in which he was beyond the seas as a hostage for the king's debts’. In 1347 he enjoyed a £1,366 11s 8d ‘gift from the king’. Eventually, in 1348, Earl Thomas was retained for life by Edward III, at a cost of 1,000 marks per annum, ostensibly ‘for his fee for his stay with the king with 100 men-at-arms’, but also undoubtedly for his loyal and faithful service. In addition to these monetary rewards, Thomas enjoyed royal patronage with grants of offices and decoration. Alongside his brother John, he was one of the founder Knights of the Garter, and served as Marshal of England from 1343/4 until his death, a post that was held at the discretion of the king. Another grant allowed him to consolidate his hold of the West Midlands; in 1344 he was made sheriff of the counties of Warwickshire and Leicestershire for life, in addition to the shrievalty of Worcestershire which he already held through hereditary tenure. The surrender of royal power was a valuable concession given that the role of sheriff could be a very politically sensitive one. The oath that Thomas' father Guy had to swear when he took up the hereditary post of sheriff of Worcester is preserved in the exchequer, and ‘shows the importance attached to safeguards against a power which was likely to be maintained for a generation’. The actual financial benefit generated by the shrievalty was probably slight: in 1390-91 the shrievalty of Worcestershire yielded a grand profit of £2 6s 6d; this does not show the true value which this award brought, namely an increased political dominance over his local region. In addition to these gifts, we have to add the spoils of war, which appear to have been considerable. In the aftermath of the battle of Poitiers, for instance, we know that Thomas captured the archbishop of Sens who eventually paid £8,000 for his freedom, whilst he also won three-quarters of the ransom of the Bishop of Le Mans, which netted the earl a further £3,000. In the 1960s, debate raged amongst historians as to who, if anyone, gained financially from the Hundred Years' War. McFarlane put forward the hypothesis that the crown and certain members of the nobility did very well out of higher taxes, and ransoms, and Thomas' experience would support this theory. Whilst this notion was famously questioned by Postan, both did agree that, at least, in the first two or three decades of the Hundred Years War, there was a substantial amount of money coming in from abroad. Certainly the earl of Warwick did considerably well out of Poitiers at least, especially when one considers that the earl had fought so long throughout the battle ‘that his hand was galled with the exercise of his sword and poll axe’. Given that his family's crusading tradition was amongst ‘the longest and the most consistent’ of all the higher nobility, it is hardly surprising that the most martial of our three earls should have chosen to further enhance his family's crusading credentials. In 1365, Thomas took advantage of the lull in hostilities between England and France by embarking on a three year expedition to join the crusades of the Teutonic knights in Lithuania, bringing with him an army of no less than ‘300 horse for his attendants and train; which consisted of knights, esquires, archers, friends and servants’, supposedly returning with a son of the Lithuanian king, who was christened in London with the name Thomas, with the earl acting as godfather. By the time of his death in 1369, Beauchamp had undoubtedly earned a reputation as the most feared soldier in the English army, and it was in this year that he oversaw the devastation of Caux whilst serving as a member of John of Gaunt's expedition. Beauchamp was clearly seen by chroniclers and opponents alike as the most formidable of Edward II's commanders: ‘a man who possessed a military élan of a kind which can never be attributed to John of Gaunt’ who, on arriving at Tourneham, on the French coast, to find a stand-off between the English and French armies, mocked Lancaster and Hereford by asking how long they intended on doing nothing, and boasted ‘that if the French remained as they were for two days, he would have them dead or alive’. Walsingham goes further in his account, claiming that the French were so terrified by reports of the arrival of the earl of Warwick, that they fled even before he had time to disembark. Earl Thomas died of plague whilst on this expedition, in November 1369. In his will, dated two months previously, he requested that he be buried in the collegiate church of Warwick, the first Beauchamp earl to request this, and bequeathed that his executors build a new choir in the same church which in Dugdale's time still boasted pictures of Thomas' daughters ‘curiously drawn and set up in the windows’. He requested that every church in each of his manors be given ‘his best beast to be found there, in satisfaction of tithes forgotten and not paid’, a distinct sign that he did not trust his own officers, the reeves or bailiffs, who should have paid the tithes. A further demand that his executors ‘should make full satisfaction to every man, whom he had in any sort wronged’ shows that he might well have turned a blind eye to the abuse of power by those who acted in his name. He also asked that his executors cause masses to be sung for his soul and distribute alms for its health, ‘especially at Bordesley, Worcester and Warwick’. The list of Beauchamp's goods which he bequeathed gives some idea of the opulence which he enjoyed: amongst them ‘twenty-four dishes and as many more saucers of silver’, golden rings, ornate crosses and religious relics were all to be distributed. The bequests also give an idea of the supreme social circle in which he existed: his son William inherited a casket of gold with a relic of St George which Thomas of Lancaster had given him at his christening; John Buckingham, bishop of Lincoln, gained a cross of gold, which the Lady Segrave had given him, and reputedly had ‘sometime been the good King Edward's; and his daughter Philippa de Stafford received "an ouche called the eagle" which had been given him by Edward the Black Prince alongside "a set of beads of gold, with buckles" which the queen had given him’. Thomas, like so many other members of the higher nobility from the mid-fourteenth century attempted to determine how his estates would be handled after his death. He did this on a number of occasions, in order to make provisions for all of his children. In April 1344, he jointly enfeoffed the bulk of his lands to himself, with successive remainders to his son and heir Guy and then his other sons. He set aside lands in South Taunton and Carnanton, and the Cornish manors of Blisland and Helston, to be given after his death directly to his son Thomas, with remainder to Reinbrun. Reinbrun in turn was to receive the Rutland manors of Barrowden and Greetham along with Wrangdyke hundred in the same county. He furthermore settled a group of Worcestershire manors on himself and his wife, thereby providing Katherine with a jointure. As the Beauchamp family circumstances changed, this arrangement was revised; Guy's death in 1360 left Thomas as the main heir, but there were two younger sons who were clearly reaching the age of majority, and these had to be accommodated. Already in 1356, William and Roger were mentioned in the re-enfeoffment of Gower, which was made into a jointure between him and his wife in tail male. The position of Roger, being the youngest of five sons, at this time must have appeared rather tenuous, and so it was probably for this reason that his uncle, John Beauchamp, specified him as his heir to a purchase of a £40 rent in 1360. Meanwhile, from 1358 to 1361, his brother William was at Oxford being groomed for the church; as such he became the first peer known to have a university education. He was already in possession of a canonry at Sarum when the death of two of his elder brothers reduced the potential future pressure on the Warwick estates, and it was safe for him to follow the family's martial traditions and become a knight. In his father's will, provisions were made for Beauchamp's executors to provide William with lands worth 400 marks per annum, a bequest which McFarlane estimates as a capital loss of more than £5,000 from the earldom. Clearly his father's generosity was only possible because, by 1369, William was his only surviving younger son. In July 1345, Thomas Beauchamp also attempted to make provision for his daughters in the event of his death. He created a trust in which Elizabeth, who was to marry John Beauchamp of Hatch, received £1,200; Matilda, who was to marry Roger Clifford, received 1,000 marks; likewise Philippa, who was to marry Hugh de Stafford; and Katherine, who even at this point might have been destined for a convent, was to receive £200. This presumably expired after the twelve years stated in the agreement, and the future of the daughters in question had been settled. The earl's financial situation had clearly greatly improved by the 1350s, for when Philippa finally did marry Hugh de Stafford in 1353, her portion was £2,000, three times the amount the earl had provided in 1345. For the most part, the earl used his daughters as means of attracting eligible son-in-laws or rewarding his supporters. Philippa's marriage to Hugh, earl of Stafford, served to cement an alliance between two great midland families of national importance. Joan's marriage to Ralph Basset of Drayton was intended to ease relations between the two neighbouring families who had not always been allies, and also secured a jointure for the bride of Buckby, Moulton in Northamptonshire, Olney in Buckinghamshire, and the Staffordshire manor of Walsall, with a reversion to the Beauchamps if the male line expired. Thomas vigorously used his children's marriages as a means of extending his own considerable land holdings. The Beauchamp family's patrimony was the sole consideration in his dealings and the individuals involved in the marriages sometimes suffered harsh consequences as a result of this policy. This is evident in his treatment of his daughter Margaret, and the young family of Guy, his eldest son. Thomas had obtained a highly prestigious wedding for Margaret with Guy de Montfort, a Warwickshire family who had been the Beauchamps' tenants and associates for generations. As part of the marriage settlement, a jointure of the entire De Montfort estate was arranged consisting of five Warwickshire manors, two Nottinghamshire manors, two manors in Rutland and one in Surrey, with reversion back to the earldom if the line should die out. When Guy died in 1361, the estates were then the property of Margaret, who, it would appear, was sent by her father into a religious life at Shouldham, where she was still living when he wrote his will in 1369, allowing the De Montfort estates to be absorbed into the Warwick fief. Philippa de Ferrers had married Sir Guy de Beauchamp, son and heir of the earl of Warwick, at some point before 1353. She was the daughter of Henry Ferrers of Groby, a lesser noble family with a record of administrative and military service. Guy's portion, like his brother Thomas, who married Philippa's niece, was ‘unlikely to have been large’, at least according to McFarlane. However, by an agreement of 1340, Henry de Ferrers acknowledged that he owed the earl 5,000 marks, as did a certain Thomas de Ferrers, presumably a kinsman, and Ralph de Hastyng, sheriff of York. It is possible that this might be a record of some part of the marriage settlement, but even if this is unrelated, it shows that Henry de Ferrers was able to make financial deals with Earl Thomas involving substantial sums of money, and we should not be so naive as to believe that he married his daughter into the ranks of the higher nobility with a less than appropriate settlement. The result of this union were three children, Margaret, Katherine and Elizabeth, the latter two aged 7 and 1¾ respectively at the time of their father's death in 1359. That Guy should die, leaving a young family, and no male heir, was clearly a cause for concern for the earl. Cokayne points out that Guy's daughter Katherine was entitled de jure to the title of the Warwick earldom, although the estates were not in danger of passing to her because of the 1344 entail discussed above. Doubtlessly at her father-in-law's insistence, Phillippa made a solemn vow of chastity on 11 August 1360, before Reginald Bryan, Bishop of Worcester, at the collegiate church in Warwick, which, it would appear, she kept until her death in 1384. Guy's two daughters were both nuns at Shouldham, and it would appear that Katherine was the only one to survive infancy, living there until at least April 1400. Her titular right to the earldom of Warwick was explicitly recognised in May 1398 by Richard II, when he gave her a life pension of 40 marks per annum. on account of her being ‘a daughter of Guy de Warrewyke and kinswoman and heir of the last earl of Warwick, and because she cannot enjoy aught of her inheritance’. It would not be unreasonable to say that life was kinder to those members of the family whose actions did not threaten the stability of the Warwick estates. John Atherston, Thomas' illegitimate son, was taken care of after his father's death by his half-brother Earl Thomas [II], who gave him a rent in Worcestershire and probably used his influence to secure a captaincy for Atherston of a castle in the Calais March, whilst Mary, another illegitimate daughter, received respectable gentry status by marring Sir Richard Herthull, a knight and close associate of her father. Reinbrun's daughter Eleanor, probably illegitimate, for there is no record of a marriage or of her mother, likewise married a knight in her grandfather's Buckinghamshire manor of Hanslope, had a daughter called Emma, who, according to Dugdale, married a man named Forster ‘from whom the Forsters of Hanslope owe their descent’. It was the earl's legitimate heirs who were occasionally forced into the priesthood, or a far away nunnery. There is a common thread that binds the first three earls of Warwick and the century from 1268 to 1369. All were remarkable warriors whose undoubted skill on the battlefield earned them substantial rewards from both Edward I and Edward III. They were, by nature, faithful supporters of the crown; we must remember that Earl Guy opposed Edward II after years of faithful service to Edward I. They were also helped greatly by fortune; invariably the Beauchamp earls had fewer sons than they did daughters, so that Guy was the only son of William's to reach manhood, and Guy and Thomas each produced one surviving younger son who outlived them. Both John Beauchamp and William Lord Abergavenny were notable men in their own right who enhanced the family name and gained lands which eventually were brought back into the family fief. The Beauchamp family escaped the fate of less fortunate families, who broke up their estates in the desire to endow a multitude of sons. Furthermore, by the middle of the fourteenth century, the earl was quick to utilise new legal developments which gave him greater control over how his estates were to be handled after his death. He was able to use enfeoffment to specify how his lands were to be distributed after his death, firstly in order to provide land for his younger sons, and secondly to prevent the possibility of a female heir, following the death of his eldest son. By 1369, the earl was using his will in order to stipulate the settlement he had decided for his younger son. Earl Thomas' use of new legal formulas is remarked upon by Bean who writes that ‘whereas Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, in 1345 employed an indenture with his feoffees to raise dowries for his daughters after his death, twenty-four years later he bequeathed lands to a younger son by means of directions to his feoffees which were incorporated within his testament’. By the only time in our period when there was the possibility of a future drain on the Warwick estates through an excess of younger sons, the earl was using the latest legal solutions available to keep his patrimony secure, and his children provided for. All in all, the year 1369 seems to mark a temporary watershed in the Beauchamp family's fortunes. With Thomas' death ended the 1,000 marks per annum cash supplement which the family had been used to, and William's endowment deprived Warwick of a further 400 marks per annum. Neither did the second Earl Thomas have the advantage of the shrievalty of Warwickshire and Leicestershire, or indeed the personal qualities of his father and grandfather. Thomas [II] is best remembered by history as Warwick the Appellant, who spent the final years of Richard II's reign imprisoned and with his estates confiscated. It was left to Richard, earl of Warwick, to revive the Beauchamps' fortunes in the fifteenth century. Chapter 2: Land and Wealth The author of the Vita Edwardi Secundi perhaps stated the importance of a man's landed wealth in the middle ages most succinctly: ‘By the size of his patrimony, you may assess his power’, he wrote of Thomas, earl of Lancaster, but this observation holds true for all medieval England. Land was the primary resource in the middle ages, as it is in any pre-industrial economy, and the greater the land controlled by a person, the greater that individual's wealth. But income was not the only reward which land could bring, for it endowed the holder with status and political power. A landowner would be the most important member of the local community in areas where his lands dominated, and would possess a status which could not be touched upon by those less-endowed. His extravagance, generosity and opulent life style would attract and reward adherents, servants and hangers-on away from any potential rivals, and, with his numerous supporters, he would be able to intimidate those who opposed or prevented further expansion of his powerbase, by legal or illegal intimidation. The higher nobility, in particular, were very sensitive to their own position; much of the opposition to Gaveston can be seen as resentment toward a man of comparatively humble origins being raised to the height of comital status (and being endowed with £4,000 worth of lands to support his rank), whereas his execution, despite having being meticulously planned by Earl Guy Beauchamp in Warwick, and having been sentenced and condemned under the earl of Warwick's administration), was carried out upon the nearest piece of Lancastrian land to Warwick castle because, out of all the contrariant lords, Lancaster had the largest estate. This made him the most powerful of the earls, and the one who would be most capable of resisting the hostile forces of the crown. Meanwhile, the poorest of all the earls, the De Vere earls of Oxford, played practically no role in the politics of the early fourteenth century, a sure sign that the greater the wealth of the earl, the greater his independence, and, as a consequence, the greater his political importance. The rise of the Beauchamp family between 1268 and 1369 presents us with an illuminating example of how a family of reasonably modest means could, in three generations, rise to be become one of the longest established and well-respected of comital families. McFarlane says, when they first gained the Warwick earldom, that ‘the Beauchamp earls were of modest landed wealth. Indeed, only the Vere earl of Oxford was poorer, and he could scarcely support the rank’, and the Beauchamp estate was primarily concentrated in the midlands. Furthermore, for most of the later thirteenth century, Earl William was beset by debt, and seems to have constantly had to use the services of moneylenders in order to	DE BEAUCHAMP, William Baron of Elmley (I8281)
1017	Child was "of Ospringe" at time of burial.	WELDISH, Thomas (I10155)
1018	Children Henry F Thompson 1869– Annie Elizabeth Thompson 1871– Elizabeth Annie Thompson 1874– Edward Fe Thompson 1878– Caroline M E Thompson 1881– Louis F Thompson 1883– Harriet Elizabeth Thompson 1889– Margaret I Thompson 1890–	SPILLETT, Ann (I4080)
1019	children George Noble 1888–1964 SEP 1964 • Woolwich, London, England James Walter NOBLE 1889–1965 BIRTH 4 FEB 1889 • New Malden, Surrey, England DEATH OCTOBER 15, 1965 • Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada Eleanor Noble 1890– Albert Edward Noble 1893–1944	NOBLE, John Frank (I18295)
1020	children Births Dec 1924 (>99%) Jack Caroline R Lavender Paddington 1a 24 Scan available - click to view Births Jun 1930 (>99%) Jack Sarah F A Lavender Eton 3a 1625 Scan available - click to view Births Dec 1932 (>99%) Jack Harriet R Lavender Chertsey 2a 154 Scan available - click to view Births Sep 1939 (>99%) Jack Nicholas Lavender Surrey N.W. 2a 698 Scan available - click to view Births Dec 1942 (>99%) Jack Naomi M Lavender Surrey N.W. 2a 758	JACK, Leslie Frederick (I18189)
1021	Children: femalePrivate Daphne Nora MITCHELL 1902 – Charles Henry MITCHELL 1904 – 1918 Cora Esme MITCHELL 1907 – Marjorie Lillian MITCHELL 1912 – 1983	LAYBUTT, Cora Elizabeth (I13316)
1022	Children: femalePrivate Francis Ralph Smith 1914 – 1977 Marianna Joyce Smith 1916 – 1951 Hilda Jean Smith 1919 – 1984	TUCKER, Hilda Mary (I13333)
1023	Children: femalePrivate - she married William Francis MURPHY 1913 – 1987 and has 2 daughters and 1 son Ralph Keith WINTER 1901 – 1917	LAYBUTT, Hilda Martha (I13315)
1024	Choice 1 Harris, John, of St. Andrew's, Cant., and Mary Knightsmith of St. M. Bredman's, w. At Thanington. Nov. 12, 1604. Harris, John, and Hellen Cooper, of St. Margaret's, Cant., v. March 3, 1594.	HARRIS, John (I18897)
1025	Chr 6 Sep 1564 Richardine Wale? d/o Robert/Elizabeth -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fa: FAVERSHAM BOROUGH RECORDS (1252-1974) Fa/J: Judicial Records (1295-1962) Fa/JW: Process of Withernam (1552-1634) Fa/JW20: Faversham to Canterbury (1586) Faversham to Canterbury Description:Richard Hutchyns, of Faversham, yeoman v. Edward Wyllyams, of Canterbury, carpenter Held At:Kent History and Library Centre Document Order #:Fa/JW20Date:1586	WALE?, Richardine (I17426)
1026	Christened on 16 May 1824, Mary was the daughter of Matthew Nutt and Ann Weeks. She married about 1850, Frederick Bunting, an engine driver. They had eight known children. Herbert, the last son born circa 1864, was described on each census as being an "imbecile". To what disability that term refers is unknown. In 1861 the family lived on Oyster Court, where they remained for the next 20 years. Residing with them was Mary's father. All children were present and living at home for the 1871 census with the three oldest sons having then been employed as cartridge makers at the local gun powder mill. By 1881 the family's structure had changed. Ann, the eldest daughter, had married and been widowed quickly. Her surname was then shown as Butler but the marriage of 15 April 1870 was to one William Henry Harman. Ann had one son by him, William born circa 1872. Ann, also was employed as a cartridge maker and was living with her parents on Oyster Court. She eventually remarried during 1887. Fred, Jr. and George had both disappeared from the census; Charles still unmarried at age 26 was working as a sawyer; Rhoda, then 18, was working alongside her elder sister in the cartridge factory. Walter had married and was living with his wife, Harriet, and daughter, Minnie F. at 52 Westgate Road, in Faversham. Mary (nee Nutt) died sometime between 1881 and 1891. Fred, at the time of the 1891 census was identified as a widower. He, daughter Rhoda and son, Herbert, the imbecile, had moved to 34 Cyprus Road. Fred continued in his occupation of engine driver.	NUTT, Mary (I2933)
1027	Christened on 16 October 1803, Emmery was the fourth child of John Milsted and Mary Nutt. Like his father, Emmery spent his life intimately connected to the seas, first as a master mariner, and in his later years, as a shipwright. He married twice and had twelve children. Sadly, though, four of those children died within a few days or months of their births. Two other children died around the time of their first birthdays. Emmery had firstly married Rebecca Ward, who was from another well-placed dredging family in Faversham. It was that union that produced ten of the children. Rebecca was a hearty soul producing all of her children within 15 years, amongst which were three sets of twins. This is a feat for the times. Most twins, along with their mother, typically did not live for very long following the birth and unfortunately, although Rebecca seemed to have sailed through her early pregnancies and deliveries, there was only one child of all of the twins that did survive - Edward, who was christened on 7 May 1832. Only four other of her children survived into adulthood: Sarah Ann, who married George Evernden, a dredger; John Ward; William; and Emery James. Rebecca lived for 6 years following the birth and death of her last set of twins in 1841, finally passing away herself on 11 January 1847 at the young age of 41 years. Emmery's second marriage produced two more children, only one of which is known to have survived - Henry. Although Emmery and his new wife should appear on the 1851 census in Faversham or Preston, I have not found an entry for them and I have not ventured farther afield to find them.	MILSTED, Emmery (I2594)
1028	Christine Patton sang backing vocals with the Konrads, a pop musical group of the early 1960s which included David Bowie. She is pictured with David Bowie in Rolling Stone Magazine , Feb-02-2012, Pages 36 / 37. In the photograph an early group the KonRads with L-R, Roger Ferris, Stella Patton, Christine Patton and David Bowie, who sang and played saxophone. In 1970 Bowie lived in Beckenham. Christine E. PATTON and Susan Dara YOUNG are 5th cousins 1 time removed. Their common ancestors are Thomas RUCK and Elizabeth BROADBRIDGE.	PATTON, Christine E. (I12649)
1029	Christopher Harris (1687–1718) of Hayne, eldest son and heir, MP for Okehampton. He married Mary Anne Buller (died 1726), a daughter of John Buller (1632–1716) of Morval in Cornwall, MP, but died childless.	HARRIS, Christopher (I17431)
1030	Christopher Harris (1737–1775) of Hayne, son and heir, who married Penelope Elizabeth Donnithorne (1742–1809), a daughter of Rev Isaac Donnithorne of St Agnes, Cornwall. He died leaving no sons, only two daughters who became co-heiresses to Hayne: Penelope Harris (1772–1860) who died unmarried and Elizabeth Harris (1773–1855), who married her relative Isaac Donnithorne (died 1848), son of Nicholas Donnithorne of St Agnes, Cornwall. His other estates of Lifton and Kenegie in Gulval, Cornwall, were inherited by his nephew William Arundell (1730–1792) (who adopted the surname "Arundell-Harris"). The latter's grandson William Arundell-Harris (1794–1865), Sheriff of Cornwall in 1817, built a grand new house at Lifton called Lifton Park, much in the same Gothic revival style as the new Hayne House. However, he got into debt and sold his new house to his son-in-law Henry Blagrove.[10]	HARRIS, Christopher (I17437)
1031	Christopher Harris (died 1687) of Hayne,[3] first cousin, son of William Harris (younger brother of John Harris (c. 1586 – 1657) of Hayne) by his wife Philippa Noye, daughter and heiress of John Noye of Burian.[5] His monument is in Stowford Church. He married Elizabeth Trott, a daughter of Martin Trott of Langridge in Essex. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://www.alasdaircamerondesign.com/projects/completed/devon-estate/ Details horticultural work carried out at Hayne Manor with photos of before and after. Note pale yellow rhododendron. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Online library Books search New books John Burke. A genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, enjoying territorial possessions or high official rank; but univested with heritable honours (Volume 1) online. (page 86 of 112) HARRIS, OF HAYNE. HARRIS, CHRISTOPHER-ARTHUR, esq. of Hayne, in the county of Devon, b. 14th January, 1801, m. 15th February, 1825, Louisa- Eleonora, third daughter of the late Rev. Thomas Wat- kins, of Pennoyre, in Brecknockshire, and grandaughter of Richard Vaughan, esq. of Golden Grove, Carmarthen- shire, by whom he has issue, Arthur-Vaughan-Donnithorne, b. 17th December, 1825. Elizabeth-Caroline. Louisa-Penelope. 560 HARRIS, OF HAYNE. Urncaqt. John Harris, a younger son of the Har- rises of Radford, was father (by his wife, the heiress of Stone, of Stone) of William Harris, who weddedThomasine, daughter, and heiress of Walter, Hayne, of Hayne, and was s. by his son, John Harris, esq. of Stone, a lawyer of high reputation, who was chosen in 1535, autumnal reader of Lincoln's Inn, and called in 1540, to the degree of serjeant-at-law. He was subsequently a King's serjeant and recorder of the city of Exeter. " The eme- nency," says Prince, in his Worthies of Leevon, " of this great lawyer in his pro- fession, we may infer from that considerable estate he acquired, and left to his family. For to his own fair inheritance he added, the hundred manor, and advowson of Lifton, near adjoining to Hayne, which he pur- chased from the Lord Nevil, Earl of West- moreland." Serjeant Harris, m. the daugh- ter of Michael Kelly, esq. of Ratcliffe, in Devonshire, and had issue, William, his heir. John. Oliver. Anthony. Arthur. Alice, mi. to John Wise, esq. of Syd- enham. Wilmoty, m. to John Trevillian, esq. of Nettlecombe. The eldest son, William Harris, esq. of Hayne, m. Mary, daughter of Sir Fulk Grevill, knt. of Beauchamp's Court, in Warwickshire, and had, with four daughters, a son and suc- cessor, Arthur Harris, esq. of Hayne, and of Kenegie, of which latter estate he became possessed before the year 1600. This gen- tleman espoused Margaret, daughter and heiress of John Davils, esq. of Totely, in Devon, and, had issue, I. John, his successor. ii. Arthur, father of Christopher, who inherited the estates at the decease of his cousin, Sir Arthur Harris, bt. Mr. Harris, who is mentioned by Carew as one of the resident magistrates of Devon- shire in his time, and commanding a pro- vincial regiment belonging to Mounts Bay, died in 1628, and was interred in the south aisle of Gurval Church, where a fine monu- ment was erected to his memory. He was s. by his son, John Harris, esq. of Hayne and Kenegie, who wedded, first, Florence, daughter of Sir John Windham, but by her had no issue. He espoused, secondly, Cordelia, eldest daughter of Sir John Mohun, of Boconuoc, created in 1628, Lord Mohun, of Oak- hampton (see Burke's Extinct and Dormant Peerage), by whom he had an only son and successor, Arthur Harris, esq. of Hayne and Ke- negie, who was created a baronet in 1673. Sir Arthur m. — , daughter of Sir — Turner, of London, but died without issue, when the title became extinct, and the estates passed to his cousin, Christopher Harris, esq. of Hayne and Kenegie, who m. Elizabeth, daughter of William Martin, esq. of Linderidge, and was s. by his son, William Harris, esq. of Hayne, M.P. for St. Ives, in the 2nd of William and Mary, and for Oakhampton, in the three successive parliaments in the same reign, and in the 7th of Anne. He served the office of sheriff' for Devon in 1703, and dying in 1709, left issue, i. Christopher, his successor. ii. John, successor to his brother, in. William, father of Christopher, who inherited the estates from his uncle. IV. Jane, m. to William Arundel, esq. of Trengwainton and Menedarva, both in the county of Cornwall, and had a son, William Arundel, of Treng- wainton and Menedarva, who inherited the entailed estates of the family at the decease of his cousin, Christopher Harris, with- out male issue, and assumed the additional surname of Harris. He m. Wilmot Daniel, of Crane, and was s. by his son, William Arundel - Harris, who espoused Mary, daugh- ter of John Beard, esq. of Hallwhyddon, and dying in 1798 was s. by his son, the present William-Arundel Harris - Arundel, esq. (see Arundel of Trerice, paye 512.) The eldest son and heir, Christopher Harris, esq. of Hayne, M.P. for Oakhampton, m. Mary, daughter of John Buller, esq. of Keveral, but dying without surviving issue in 1718, he was suc- ceeded by his brother, John Harris, esq. master of the house- hold to their majesties, George II. and George III. who thus became " of Hayne." He wedded, first, Margaret, daughter of ORDE, OF NUNNYKIRK. 561 Roger Tuckfield, esq. of Raddon, and relict of Samuel Rolle, esq. of Heanton ; and se- condly, Anne, daughter of Francis Seymour, Lord Conway, but had no i in 1767, and was s. by his nephew, Christopher Harris, esq. of Hayne. This gentleman wedded Penelope, daughter of the Rev. Isaac Donnithome, of St. Agnes, in Cornwall, and had two daughters, namely, I. Penelope. ii. Elizabeth, who m. her cousin, Isaac Donnithorne, esq. who as- sumed the surname of Harris, and had issue, Christopher- Arthur, the present Mr. Harris, of Hayne. John-James. Cordelia-Elizabeth, d. in 1809. On the decease of this Christopher Harris with only these daughters, the entailed estates of the family passed to his cousin, William Arundel, esq. of Trengwainton and Menedarva; while Hayne descended to those ladies, Miss Harris and Mrs. (Donnithorne) Harris, as co-heirs. Arms — Sa. three crescents within a bor- dure, arg. Crest— An eagle rising ermine, beaked and spurred or. Motto— Kur, deu, res, pub, tra (Old Cor- nish) ; English, For God and the Common- wealth. Estates — Hayne, parish of Stowford, Devon, first possessed at the time of the Conquest, being granted .by King William to one of his followers, whose descendants regularly inherited until the year 1557, when it passed to Harris of Stone with the daughter and only child of Walter Hayne. Seat— Hayne. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Historic England HAYNE MANOR This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest. Name: HAYNE MANOR List entry Number: 1000693 Location The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Devon District: West Devon District Type: District Authority Parish: Stowford National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. Grade: II Date first registered: 12-Aug-1987 Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry. Legacy System Information The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. Legacy System: Parks and Gardens UID: 1684 Details Remains of a mid C18 landscape including a grotto together with early C19 gardens and parkland. HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT The Hayne estate was acquired by the Harris family in the early C16, and continued in their ownership until the mid C19. The site is marked as a house on both Saxton's Map of Devon (1575), and Speed's Map of Devon (1610), and a series of terraces marked on the hillside south-west of the house on the OS 1st edition map of 1883 may have been connected with gardens associated with this earlier house (Cherry and Pevsner 1989). In the early C18 successive generations of the Harris family served as members of Parliament, while John Harris of Hayne was Master of the Household to George II and George III (Hoskins 1954). The remodelling of the grounds and the construction of the grotto appear to date from the mid C18 and were perhaps influenced by John Harris' Court connections. A house, but no park, was noted on Donn's Map of the County of Devon (1765). Wollocombe (1908) suggests that the grounds formerly contained a 'Chinese pagoda' and a further temple, but no trace of these structures survives. The house was rebuilt in a Gothic Revival style in the early C19, and was extended in 1865, the year after its purchase by the Blackburn family. The grounds and parkland are shown in essentially their present form on the OS 1" map (1809), the Tithe map of c 1840, and the late C19 OS maps. By the 1980s the house had become derelict and the estate divided. Following its sale in 1987 a thorough restoration of the building was undertaken, while the estate has been substantially reassembled into a single ownership. The property remains (1999) in private occupation and extensive planting has been undertaken in the park in the 1990s. New gardens have also been created around the house. DESCRIPTION LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Hayne is situated c 1km west-south-west of the village of Stowford, to the south of the A30 Exeter to Launceston road. The c 20ha site comprises c 8ha of gardens and pleasure grounds, and c 12ha of parkland and woodland. It is bounded to the south by hedges and fences adjoining a minor road leading east to Stowford, while to the west it is enclosed by walls and fences fronting a minor lane leading south from Broadwoodwidger to Portgate. To the north-east and north the site is fenced and adjoins agricultural land, and to the north-west the boundary is formed by the River Thrushel. The site occupies the north- and north-west-facing slopes and the floor of a valley through which the River Thrushel flows in a westerly direction. There are views south-west from the house down the valley within the park, and north-east up the river valley. Bridge Plantation immediately north-west of the site is significant for its setting, and formed part of the C18 pleasure grounds. The former kitchen garden also lies outside the site, immediately adjacent to its north-east boundary. ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The site is approached from the minor road leading to Stowford which forms its southern boundary, at a point c 700m east-north-east of Hayne Farm. A gravel drive descends north-west from a simple timber gate passing between post and rail fences for c 300m. Reaching a further timber gate the drive enters an area of lawns before turning south-west to enter a late C20 elliptical carriage turn to the north-east of the house. The carriage turn is flanked by symmetrically placed urns on pedestals c 50m north-east of the house, while the drive encloses an area of lawn. A service drive extends north-west beyond the carriage turn to the stables (listed grade II) which stand immediately north-west of the house. A further drive, shown as the principal approach on the Tithe map and OS (1883), enters the site c 500m south-west of the house adjacent to Hayne Lodge (listed grade II), a mid C19 Tudor-gothic, stone, two-storey lodge. Mid C19 square-section stone gate piers with granite pinnacles and ball finials support a simple segmental wrought-iron overthrow and a timber gate with open lattice-work decoration (all listed grade II). The drive descends gently north-east for c 100m before turning north and north-east across the park, entering the pleasure grounds c 130m south-west of the house. From this point it sweeps north-east and east to approach the carriage turn north-east of the house from the west. PRINCIPAL BUILDING Hayne Manor (listed grade II*) stands on a level terrace on the north-west-facing slope of the Thrushel valley. The present house was built c 1810 in a picturesque gothic style with battlemented parapets, buttresses, gabled pinnacles with gothic finials, and stone and timber traceried windows. These details recall John Nash's work at Luscombe Castle, Devon (qv). No architect has been identified for Hayne Manor, but the design was previously attributed to Jeffry Wyatville (Pevsner 1952). The rubble-stone, two-storey house is of roughly square plan and is arranged around a central, top-lit staircase hall. A staircase turret with a pyramidal lead roof breaks above the roof line. The service quarters to the north of the main block are said to incorporate the core of the pre-1810 house (ibid). The house was extensively restored in the late 1980s after a period of decline in the mid C20. GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS Lying principally to the north, south and west of the house, the gardens and pleasure grounds comprise formal terraces and informal woodland gardens. The terraces and gardens around the house have been extensively remodelled in the late C20. To the south of the house a narrow terrace is linked by stone steps to a late C20 square formal garden laid out with specimen trees and shrubs. Sweeping lawns are separated from the park to the south and south-west by a stone-faced ha-ha, with a higher stone retaining wall c 30m south-west of the house. South-west of the house and at a lower level, an area of lawn is separated from further formal gardens and a late C20 lean-to conservatory on the south-facing wall of the stable block by a young (1990s) yew hedge. The lawn is separated from the park to the south by mature trees and yews which survive from planting shown on the 1883 OS map. Some 50m north-east of the house late C20 gardens have been developed around an existing pond with specimen trees and shrubs, and contemporary sculptures. The informal pleasure grounds, known as The Wilderness, lie c 100m west of the house. A network of serpentine walks pass through mature trees and specimen C19 conifers and shrubbery, to reach the grotto (listed grade II) c 320m west-north-west of the house. The single-storey late C18 rubble structure recalls the style of similar mid C18 structures designed by Thomas Wright, and may be based on one of his published designs. There is structural evidence that the roof may have been thatched, but is now tiled (1999). The front or south wall rises as an irregular stone screen, while simple round-headed entrances to each side allow access to the shell-encrusted interior. The internal roof is groin vaulted, and there are niches in the walls. To the south the grotto faces an elliptical lawn surrounded by trees and shrubs, while to the north it faces a mill leat fed from the River Thrushel. Some 80m west of the grotto the leat feeds a mill pond adjacent to Hayne Mill which lies within the pleasure grounds. In the C19 the ornamental circuit walk extended north of the mill into Bridge Plantation, and was carried across the river on a footbridge. PARK Lying to the east, south and south-west of the house, the park remains pasture with scattered mature trees, with extensive late C20 replanting particularly adjacent to the southern boundary. The replanting will recreate the pattern of tree cover in the park shown on the early C19 Tithe map, with an area of concentrated planting on the north- and north-west-facing slope c 100m south of the house. To the east and south of the house the park has been divided into a series of grazing enclosures by late C20 post and rail fences. KITCHEN GARDEN Lying c 100m north-east of the house, the former walled kitchen garden lies outside but immediately adjoining the registered site. The garden is (1999) no longer cultivated and is laid to grass; only the footings of the north-west wall and a short section of north wall remain standing. REFERENCES W White, History, Gazeteer and Directory of Devonshire (1850) J B Wollocombe, From Morn till Eve Reminiscences (1908), pp 258, 264-71 W G Hoskins, Devon (1954), pp 482-3 N Pevsner, The Buildings of England: North Devon (1st edn 1952) B Cherry and N Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Devon (2nd edn 1989), pp 465-6 T Gray, The Garden History of Devon An Illustrated Guide to Sources (1995), p 121 Maps B Donn, A Map of the County of Devon, 1765 Tithe map for Stowford parish, nd (c 1840), (Devon Record Office) OS 6" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed 1882-3, published 1890 OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed 1883, published 1884 2nd edition revised 1905, published 1906 Archival items Harris family papers including estate papers and accounts (2527M), (Devon Record Office) Sale particulars, 1991 (3372M/130), (Devon Record Office) Description written: April 1999 Amended: July 1999 Register Inspector: JML Edited: July 2000 Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details National Grid Reference: SX 42088 86609 Map Map © Crown Copyright and database right 2017. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2017. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions. The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1000693 .pdf The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay. This copy shows the entry on 02-May-2017 at 05:55:31. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000693 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Stowford, a small village, in the valley of the river Thrushel a tributary of the river Lyd, seven miles East North East of Launceston, and covers approximately 2066 acres of land, including Sprytown hamlet, and many scattered houses. It lies in the district of West Devon in the county of Devon. Milford and Spry town, now farmhouses, were Domesday manors. The parish church is dedicated to St John the Baptist and is around 14th-15th century in date. The church was restored and the north aisle rebuilt by Sir Gilbert Scott in 1874. This what W.G. Hoskin said of the Church in 1954: ‘STOWFORD church (St. John) has a most attractive interior, although restored by Sir Gilbert Scott in 1874. When the N. aisle was added. The woodwork was all done at this time, but, being copied from older work by local craftsmen, is excellent. The roofs of the S. aisle, S. chancel aisle, and S. porch are the original, and are notably carved. There are several good 18th century monuments to the Harrises of Hayne, especially one to Christopher Harris, 1718. John Harris of Hayne was Master of the Household to George II and George III. In the S. chancel aisle are the tabard, helmet, and gauntlet of Harris. An Ogham stone-an early Christian monument to one Gunglei-stands at the churchyard gate. Hayne itself was rebuilt by Wyatville in 1810 in what Baring-Gould dismisses forthwith as “cockney Gothic,” but it is good of its kind. It was the seat of the Harrises from Henry VIII’s reign until 1864. Milford and Spry town, now farmhouses, were Domesday manors. Shepherds is a good 16th century farmhouse.’ An ancient stone stands at the entrance to the churchyard. It stands 170 cm out of the ground, and contains an inscription dated to the 8th-11th century. The inscription reads “GUNGLEI” or “GUG.LES” and is thought to be a personal name. The Harris Baronetcy, of Stowford, near Launceston, in the County of Devon, was created in the Baronetage of England on 1 December 1673 for Arthur Harris, Member of Parliament for Okehampton between 1671 and 1681. The Harris residence was at Hayne House (below left), Stowford. The title became extinct on his death in 1686. In a Haines ancestry compilation by Richard and George Haines, it states that John Haines, of Totness, Devonshire, England believed the family was well established in England before William the Conqueror. His account is: “William, upon his arrival in England, found the family settled in ‘Hayne,’ in the Parish of Stowford, near the Tamar, on the borders of Cornwall. They existed as a clan, and were possessed of immense tracts of land in Devonshire and Cornwall. There was a castle on their lands called ‘Hayne Castle,’ which name the modern mansion still retains, from the ancient ruins near it. There is also a river called ‘Hayne’ running into the Tavy, and a tower on Dartmoor called ‘Hayne Tower.’ So it appears even at that time the family was one of importance in the country. William took one-half of their lands, which he gave to his followers, the other half was entered in Doomsday Book as the property of the ‘Clan Haineses.’ Since that time the family continued of importance, as many of their chiefs filled the office of High Sheriff of the county — an office at that time of great importance, as the incumbent was the representative of the King, led the yeomen of the country to battle, and was the head of the county. This continued until 1600, when the estate devolved on an only daughter, Tameson Haines, who married a man by the name of Harris, of Cornwall, who was likewise upon his marriage made High Sheriff of the county. From that time until 1870, the property remained in the Harris family, who were known by the name of Harris of Hayne ; when it was sold to pay debts incurred by that family. It also appears that at the time of the marriage of Tameson Haines, a disruption of the family took place ; they feeling that their head was gone and a stranger seated in the halls of their fathers ; and this was also undoubtedly assisted by religious differences, which at that time began to creep into families.” (This last extract with thanks to J. T. Bullock) Hayne itself was rebuilt by Wyatville in 1810 in what Baring-Gould dismisses forthwith as “cockney Gothic,” but it is good of its kind. By the 1980s the house had become derelict and the estate divided. It has since been restored. http://launcestonthen.co.uk/index.php/the-parishes/stowford/	HARRIS, Christopher Gent. (I14804)
1032	Christopher Packe (1686–1749) was a physician and geologist who produced the first geological map of Southern England — his 1743 work A New Philosophico-chorographical Chart of East Kent. Packe was probably the son of Christopher Packe the chemist, was born at St. Albans, Hertfordshire, on 6 March 1686. He was admitted to Merchant Taylors' School on 11 September 1695. He was created M.D. at Cambridge in 1717, and was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians on 25 June 1723. At the request of Robert Romney, the then vicar, he gave an organ to St. Peter's Church, St. Albans, which was opened on 16 January 1726. About 1726 Packe settled at Canterbury, where he practiced with much reputation for nearly a quarter of a century. He died on 15 November 1749, and was buried in St. Mary Magdalene, Canterbury. Packe married on 30 July 1726, at Canterbury Cathedral, Mary Randolph of the Precincts, Canterbury. His son Christopher graduated M.B. in 1751 as a member of Peterhouse, Cambridge, practised as a physician at Canterbury, and published An Explanation of ... Boerhaave's Aphorisms . . . of Phthisis Pulmonalis, 1754. He died on 21 October 1800, aged 72, and was buried by the side of his father. Packe had a heated controversy with Dr. John Gray of Canterbury respecting the treatment of Robert Worger of Hinxhill, Kent, who died of concussion of the brain, caused by a fall from his horse. The relatives, not satisfied with Packe's treatment, called in Gray and two surgeons, who, Packe alleged in letters in the "Canterbury News-Letter" of 8 and 15 October 1726, killed the patient by excessive bleeding and trepanning. He further defended himself in "A Reply to Dr. Gray's three Answers to a written Paper, entitled Mr. Worger's Case", 4to, Canterbury, 1727. Source: The Dictionary of National Biography. Download of paper available at: https://books.google.ca/books?id=2aIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=worger+gray+%22christopher+packe%22&source=bl&ots=qrp9kRcOGd&sig=qecrajxCidrI_7s4PETMu5r2-2w&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BTiiVPyFJo6nyASE7IKgAw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=worger%20gray%20%22christopher%20packe%22&f=false ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Testimony of Michael Stoddard of Ash, Grocer had overheard John Worger, brother of the deceased (12 Apr 1726), said that the deceased had been frequently taken with a giddiness and swimming in his head and that he was not well that very morning that he came out to the horse race; and that there was another brother of the late Mr. Worger who "drop'd down in the Field at Roll, without any manifest cause, as he was leading the horse along; that the Roll ran upon him, and that when he, [John Worger] came up to him from no great distance in the same field, he found him stone dead. Michael Stoddard further declased that the said brother of the late Mr. Worger, at the time and place above said, declared that the mother of the late Mr. Worger [Judith need Sutton] died of the 'Dead Palsy' [paralysis est morbus apoplex congener, the Palsy is a Distemper near of kin to the Apoplexy] and that this Distemper whatever it was, he thought * ran in the blood of them and that he did believe that his brother, the late Mr. Worger, did not dye of the fall from his horse, but that he was taken with "such a Fit at the time of his fall", by reason that upon search made by the doctors, no hurt or damage appeared upon him by the fall. Sworn Nov. 15, 1726, before Humphry Pudner, Jurat. There are two or three other persons at Bridge who confirm the Brother's declaration about the instances of the Roll and the Dead Palsy... * Although a relapse was to be dreaded; for a brother of his was killed by the return of the Apoplexy; as also their father, and another brother were in like manner killed by the Apoplexy. apoplexy Sudden impairment of neurological function, especially that resulting from a cerebral hemorrhage; a stroke. A sudden effusion of blood into an organ or tissue. A fit of extreme anger or rage (OED 1386). palsy A disease of the nervous system characterized by impairment or suspension of muscular action or sensation, or paralysis. A tremor is common. It is part of many ailments where paralysis and tremor are symptoms such as cerebral, creeping, Saturday night, scrivener's, shaking, Bell's palsy, dead palsy, etc. (OED 1250).	WORGER, Robert (I10544)
1033	At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Living (I16841)
1034	At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld.	Living (I10951)
1035	Churchwarden of St. Peter's Church, Oare, Kent, !home phone 01795 531527	GREGORY, Linda (I11663)
1036	Chyruryeor as occupation in Faversham baptismal register.	AMIS, William (I19093)
1037	Citation Information Transcript Birth: May 22, 1768 Great Chart Kent, England Death: Mar. 16, 1843 Westwell Kent, England Family links: Spouse: Mary (1768 - 1818) Children: Elizabeth Ward Harris (1790 - 1866)* Burial: St Mary Churchyard Westwell Kent, England Detail William Ward Find A Grave Memorial# 70388748 Web Address www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=70388748 Source Information Title Juli (#47080020) REFN http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=mr&MRid=47080020 Repository Information	WARD, William (I15241)
1038	Citations [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 552. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 553.	CHEYNEY, Margaret (I14887)
1039	Citations: Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 76. G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 243.	DE CHAWORTH, Sir Patrick (I9364)
1040	Citations: Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 76. G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 434.	DE BEAUCHAMP, Isabella (I9365)
1041	Citizen of London	KEMPE, Edmund (I8783)
1042	Claimant to title of Baron Chandos	BRIDGES, Edward Tymewell (I9460)
1043	claiming a pedigree from Gwaethfoed, Prince of Ceredigion in the 11th cent.	ALCOCK, Mary (I10508)
1044	Clerk and Rector of Ringwould.	MONINS, Rev'd John (I7294)
1045	Clerk and Rector of Upminster, Essex, died S.P.	VIAL, Strangford (I7237)
1046	Clerk, Vicar of Chilham, only child.	TYLDEN, Richard Osborne (I12910)
1047	coal mine winding engineman in 1939 register	STRONG, James Henry (I16784)
1048	col. 545 Spillett, John, of Boughton Malherbe, husbandman, bachelor, 30 and Ann Tilbe of Lenham, spinster, 23. At. St. Andrew, Canterbury. George Tilbe of Lenham, carpenter, bonds. Nov 5, 1683. Kennet, William of Boughton Malherbe, husbandman, bachelor about 26 and Elizabeth Spillet of the same place, virgin, about 30, whose parents are dead. At St. Mary Bredin's Canterbry. Francis Spillett of East Sutton, husbandman, bondsman. May 29, 1627 Spillet, John, of Staplehurst, glover, bachelor, about 23, at his own govt. and Sarah Mason, of the same place, virgin, of the like age, whose aetswer George Tilby of Lenham, carpenter, bachelor and Phoebe Gilbert, of the same place, spinster, 25. At St. Margaret, Canterbury. Dec 30, 1689. Tilby, George, of Lenham, carpenter, widower and Catharine Isham, of the same place, spinster, 27. At same or Otterden. May 21, 1692. Tilby, John of Lenham, husbandman, bachelor, 30 and Frances Taylor, of the same place, spinster, 20, whose parents are dead. At. St. Margaret, Canterbury. Nov 30, 1687. Extracts from Tyler's Index of Boughton Malherbe Tilby Robert Drury Margaret m 20 Oct 1715	TILBY, George (I6345)
1049	Col. Grenadier Guards	BRIDGES, Edward Smith (I8454)
1050	Collectanea topographica et genealogica By Collectanea topographica et genealogica, Chapter XVII. pp 182- On the descent of the manor of Gorhambury in Hertfordshire, and of the Anglo-Breton family from whom that estate derived its name. The manor of which it is proposed to give an account in the course of the following pages, was known by the name of Westwick from the earliest record till Century xiv, by that of Westwick-Gorham during Century xv, and by that of Gorhambury from about the period of the dissolution of monasteries to the present day. The family from whom its existing name was derived, became its possessors about the close of the reign of Henry I.; they came into England, from Britanny, shortly before that period, being descended from distinguished ancestors settled in the province of Maine, France. De Gorram, of la Tanniere, in the Maine The de Gorrams can be traced, in Britanny, to the beginning of Century xii. Their castle was situated on a small rivulet called the Futaye, at la Tanniere, seven miles west from the town of Gorram[5] (from which place doubtless the family name originated) and twenty miles n.w. from Mayenne. The name is variously spelt Gorram (the most ancient mode), Goram, Gorran, Goran, Gorren and Goron; its English orthography has, almost without exception, been Gorham from the earliest records. Many original grants by the de Gorrams of la Tanniere to the neighbouring Abbey of the Holy Trinity at Savigny still exist, and were examined by the writer of this article, on a tour in Normandy, in the autumn of 1836; of these, and of other ancient records (which will be referred to in tracing the descent and personal history of this family), a short abstract is given in the note below. [I have abstracted only those relating to William de Gorram] William de Gorram is the first of this name who occurs in Britanny. His castle at la Tanniere, being on the frontiers of Normandy, appears to have been destroyed, or at least to have been greatly dilapidated, in the early part of the 12th Century, by the ravages attendant on the contests between Henry I and Fulk County of Anjou, during the successful attempt of the English monarch to wrest that Duchy from his nephew William Fitz-Robert. Peace having been restored, a new castle was built at la Tanniere, the chapel of which was given by William de Gorram, in 1128, to the monastery of Mount St. Michael near Avranches; together with a plot of ground for the cells of the monks, an adjoining orchard, the tithe of the men of his castle, the tithe of his market, of his mills, of his ovens, and of his fish. This grant, which is preserved in the College Library at Avranches in the beautifulcartulary of Mont St. Michael, is subjoined (A): "Ego Guido, scae Caenomanensis Ecclesiae Episcopus, notum facio tam presentibus quem futuris, quod Ecclesia beati Archangeli Michaelis de Normannia sita in Periculo Maris, tempore nostro et praefatae ecclesiae Ricardi Abbatis, recuperavit in diocesi nostra ecclesiam beati Bertivini, in pago Erneiae videlicet. quae tempore longo deserta fuerat per desolationem malorum ipsius patriae, cum cemeterio, et demimis ipsius parochiae, et aliis beneficiis ad ipsum pertinentibus. Capellam quoque cujusdam Castri novi quod Taonaria vacatur, in praefatae ecclesiae parochia, a Gulielmo de Gorram instaurati, (jam dicto Gulielmo coram me apud Coenobium Savigniense annuente et donante, cum terra ad faciendas domus Monachorum, et cum viridario... pedigree attached to the chapter William de Gorram built a castle at la Tanniere about 1128, wife named Matilda had a brother Henry living 1128 had a presumed brother Geoffrey abbot of St. Albans 1120, died 1146 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Source : ---> A very long discussion about the Gorron family ... __________________________ Source Par Collectanea topographica et genealogica: "It is uncertain whether we must refer to the family of Gorram of the Maine, William De Goram who, in the reign of Henry II. was possessed of half a knight's fee in Staplehurtt [Kent?], and who was Lord of the manor of frelteri, in the county of Southampton. His daughter Damata De Goram married Ralph de Broc of Agenet Castle; she died before 1205. (Close Rolls, 6 John, in. 19.) An undated grant by William de Goram, to Ralph de Broc and Damata his wife, of half a fee in Staplehurst to be held from Earl William, was among the Records of the late Earls of Peterborough, and is printed in that rare volume, Halated's Genealogies ..." ___________________________ Source Par Paul Piolin: "Le prieuré de Saint-Berthevin de la Tannière, autrefois considérable, avait beaucoup souffert. En 1128, Guillaume de Gorram le rétablit dans son premier état, et le rendit à l'abbaye du Mont-Saint-Michel. La piété et les travaux des moines réveillèrent l'ancienne sympathie qu'ils avaient rencontrée plusieurs siècles auparavant chez les habitants du Bas-Maine et chez nos évêques; Guy d'Étampes(1135), Odon de Montigny (1139), Robert (1216), puis Philippe de Landivy, Robert de la Chapelle (1225), Robert de Gorram (1236), ..." ___________________________ Source Par Thomas Cauvin: "La famille de Gorram est très-ancienne ; elle posséda les terres de S.-Bertevin , de la Dorée, de Levaré et de la Tannière. En 1128, Guillaume de Gorram donne au monastère de S.Michel l'église de S.\emdash Bertevin et la chapelle de la Tannière. ..." ___________________________ Source Par Sir Bernard Burke: "Gorham: The Gorhams came into England immediately after the Conquest; for "W. Filius Gorham," occurs in 1086, in Doomsday Survey (II. 441.), at Cippenhall, near Fresingfield, Suffolk. Their foreign settlement was at, or in the vicinity of, the town of Gorram (now Goron), in Maine, 15 miles N.W. of Mayenne; a fortified place attached to the fief of Normandy by Duke William, shortly before his invasion of England. Geoffrey De Gorram occurs as early as 922, as witness to a grant to the Monks of Notre Dame de Mars-sur-la-Futaye, at Villarenton (or Villa-Arunton), afterwards called L'Abbeyette (La Bayette, by error, in Cassini's map of France); a small Priory, of which a trace still remains, between Goron and Savigny: but Menage (Histoire de Sable) considers the charter as doubtful. Another Geoffrey De Gorram (probably the father of Geoffrey, Abbot of St. Alban's, of whom more hereafter) occurs in a grant of undoubted authenticity, at the end of Century XI., or early in Century XII., as being father of Euello or Rollo or Ralph De Gorram, who, before 1112, gave the perpetual advowson of Brece, four miles from Gorram, to the Priory of Fountain-Gehard, near Mayenne, a Cell to Marmontier Abbey, at Tours. He married Hersendis, daughter of Walter, Lord of Mayenne. He was a benefactor to Savigny Abbey, and was living in 1120. He was probably the father of Robert, Abbot of St. Alban's. His eldest son, William De Gorram, shortly before, or in 1128, built a new castle on his demesne at La Tanniere (10 miles W. of Gorram), in the parish of St. Berthevin. He gave both his parish Church, and the Chapel of his Castle, to the Monastery of Mount St.Michael, near Avranches, with a plot of ground for the settlement of some monks, one of whom was to perform divine offices at La Tanniere. He married Matilda, by whom he inherited Livare, La Doree, and (probably) La Tanniere. He and his wife granted lands in Livare to the Abbot and Monks of Savigny. He died about 1155; and was succeeded by his son, Giles De Gorram, Lord of La Tanniere, who occurs 1162. ..." ____________________________ Source : "... Gilles de Gorram, chevalier, seigneur de la Tannière, de Saint-Berthevin, de Levaré et de la Dorée, nommé Juhel dans quelques chartes, était le fils aîné de Guillaume de Gorram, seigneur des mêmes terres et le petit-fils de Paiellon de Gorram et de Hersende de Mayenne, sœur de Juhel II. Son père Guillaume, bâtit en ll'iS, le château de la Tannière, d'où Gilles partit pour la croisade avec son frère Jean de Gorram, qui ne revint pas. Gilles eut le bonheur de revoir ses foyers où il s'adonna aux bonnes œuvres : peu de noms reviennent aussi souvent que le sien dans le cartulaire de Savigny. ..." Guillaume married Matilda [4124], daughter of Unknown and Unknown. (Matilda [4124] was born in , , France.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Family of de Gorrom was previously settled in La Tanniere, Maine, France before arriving in England. p. 213-214 William de Gorram appears to have been the person who had Chetton and Berwick in Shropshire, by gift of Henry I., and Eudon by gift of Alan fitz Flaald or his son. That this William de Gorram was father of Damietta, the wife of Ranulph de Broc, is quite clear from documntary evidence; - for instance, "William de Gorram gives his land of Staplehurst,(1) which he held under Earl William,(2) to Ranulph de Broc and to his (William de Gorram's) daughter, Damata, and to their heirs; to hold under Earl William."(3) Ranulph de Broc died, as we have seen, about 1187, holding half a knight's fee in the Honour of Arundel, and probably at Staplehurst above mentioned. His wife Damietta, known to have been heiress of Berwick, Chetton, and Eudon, survived till about 1204. Ranulph de Broc apparently had a son, Robert, by his wife, Damietta, which son survived him. Hence we have a Deed whereby "Damata, formerly wife of Sir Ranulph de Broc, and Robert de Broc, her son, testify that they were presents when the said Ranulph gave his land of Combdena to one Fulco de Bollard; and they confirm the donation." (3) AGain, Robert de Broc married Margaret, daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, and had by her a son, Laurence. Hence a Deed whereby "Robert de Broc, for the (souls') health of Margaret his wife, of Sir Ranulph de Broc his father, of Laurence his son, and of Sir Richard de Beauchamp, Margaret's father, makes a grant to the Church of St. Paul of Newnham and to the Canons of Ravensden. Witnesses, Sir Stephen de Turnham, Sir Thomas Basset."(3) However, the male line of Ranulph de Broc must have expired on the deaths of the above Robert and Laurence, and before the death of Damietta de Gorram. On the last event taking place in 1204, Stephen de Turnham, as husband of Edelina (Damietta's eldest daughter and alleged heir), obtained livery of Frelbury (Southants), and of Berwick, Chetton, and Eudon (Shropshire). The litigation which ensued between Edelina and her sisters, or the heirs and representatives of herself and her sisters, has been given already in most of its details. I now turn back a few years to add something to what has been said under Idsall, (4) about Stephen de Turnham. - In 1198 (10 Ric. I.) Stephen de Turnham had a grant of the wardship of the ands and heir of Robert de Leeburn, and of the benefit of the marriage of the said heir. He gave the King 300 merks for the said wardship (5). There can be little doubt that the (1) Staplehurst in Kent, probably. (2) Probably William d'Albini (I), Earl of Sussex or Arundel (1139-1176) (3) Halstead Genealogies, p. 27. (4) Supra, Vol. II. p. 286. (5) Rot. Pipe, 10 Ric. I., Kent p. 215 said heir was Roger de Leybourn, afterwards married to Alianore, one of the daughters and eventual coheirs of Stephen de Turnham. In 1211 we have Stephen de Turnham, as a Tenant-in-capite of Shropshire, holding 100 solidates of land by services unknown at the moment. (1) The land in question was Berwick; but Chetton was possibly included in the estimate. A Quitclaim to Shrewsbury Abbey, in which Stephen de Turnham was joined by Godelina (sic) his wife, has been given under Albrighton,(2) but refers to their interests at Berwick. In March 1214, Stephen de Turnham was dead, and it was then, doubtless, or soon after, that "Eodelina, formerly wife of Sir Stephen de Turneham, gave to Lilleshall Abbey the Church of Chetinton (Chetton), the Chapel of Berewick, and all her right in Haremore." (3) Within a year after Stephen de Turnham's death, and between May and December 1214, a Fine appears on the Rolls, which was originally supposed to related to land in Shropshire; but the marginal affix Salop has been cancelled and Kent substituted. Such a confusion was natural."Roger de Leiburn gives the King 20 merks that he may have such seizin of the Manor of Berwig as he had on the day when he was disseized thereof on pretext of the death of Stphen de Thorneham." (4) It would see that Roger de Leybourn had had seizin of some Berwig during Stephen de Turnhams' life, and that on that Baron's death the Escheators had seized it as part of his estate as yet to be divided. What Berwig is alluded to, I have no inquired. Before Michaelmas 1214, Edelina, widow of Stephen de Turnham, gave King John 60 merks and a palfrey for liberty to remarry with whom she pleased. (5) She was living in Trininty Term 1220, but decesed before November 1221. (6) In January 1219, the five dauthers and coheirs of Stephen de Turnham were Mabel, wife of Thomas de Bavelingham; Alice, wife of Adam de Bending, Alienore, wife of Roger de Leybourn, and Alienore, wife of Ralph fitz Bernard, and Beatrix, wife of Ralph de )1_ Testa de Nevill, p. 55 (2) Supra, page 108 (3) Lilleshall Chartulary, fo. 62. (4) Rot. Finium, p. 542. (5) Rot. Pipe, 16 John, Surrey. 6) Halstaed Genealogies, p. 27) affects to quote a Placita Roll of June 24, 27 Henry. 222 (i.e. 1243) wherein Edelina de Broc appoints an Attorney against Sibil de Brc in a plea the object of which was to oblige Sibil to observe a fine, levied at Winchester, concerning the whole inheritance of Damata de Goram, mother of Edelina and Sibil. This extract is genealogically useful, and the Fine and Suit were doubtless those already alluded to (Vol. I. pp. 171,. 172) but Halstead's date for the above Placita-Roll must, I imagine, be wrong by more than 20 years. [Source: Antiquities of Shropshire, Volume 10, By Robert William Eyton] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Visitation of the Seats and Arms of the Noblemen and Gentlemen ..., Volume 2 By Sir Bernard Burke, pp. 20- GORHAM: The Goprhams came into England immediately after the Conquest; for "W. Filius Gorham" occurs in 1086, in Doomsday Survey (II. 441.) at Cippenhall near fresinfield, Suffolk. Their foreign settlement was at , or in the vicinity of, the town of Gorram (now Goron), in Maine, 15 miles northwest of Mayenne; a fortified place attached to the fief of Normandy by Duke William shortly before his invasion of England. Geoffrey de Gorram occurs as early as 922, as witness to a grant to the Monks of Notre Dame de Mars sur la Futaye, at Villarenton (or Villa- Arunton), afterwards called L'Abbeyette (La Bayette, by error, in Cassini's map of France); a small Priory of which a trace still remains, between Goron and Savigny: but Menage (Histoire de Sable) considers the charter as doubtful. Another Geoffrey de Gorram (*probably the father of Geoffrey, Abbot of St. Alban's, of whom more hereafter) occurs in a grant of undoubted authenticity, at the end of Century XI., or early in Century XII., as being father of Ruello or Rollo or Ralph de Gorram. Ruello or Rollo or Ralph de Gorram, who, before 1112, gave the perpetual advowson of Brece, four miles from Gorram, to the Priory of Fountain-Gehard, near Mayenne, a Cell to Marmontier Abbey, at Tours. He married Hersendis, daughter of Walter, Lord of Mayenne. He was a benefactor to Savigny Abbey, and was living in 1120. He was probably the father of Robert, Abbot of St. Alban's. His eldest son was William De Gorrom noted above. William de Gorram, shortly before, or in 1128, built a new castle on his demesne at La Tanniere 10 miles west of Gorram in Maine, France, in the parish of St. Berthevin. He gave both his parish Church and the Chapel of his Castle, to the Monastery of Mount St. Michael, near Avranches, with a plot of ground for the settlement of some monks, one of whom was to perform devinie offices at La Tanniere. He married Matilda, by whom he inherited Livare, La Doree, and (probably) La Tanniere. He and his wife grants lands in Livare to the Abbot and Monks of Savigny. He died about 1155; and was succeeded by his son, Giles de Gorram. The history of the Chatellenie of Gorram, on the frontiers of Maine and Normandy, being little known, and being closely connected with English history, may be briefly noticed here, from matireals supplied by the Norman Roll and other records. It was held by the great family of Mayenne, from the Counts of Maine, as their Suserain. In 1054, after the victory of Mortimer, William, Duke of Normandy seized this and the neighbouring possessions of Geoffrey Martel the invader of Maine, and annexed them to the fief of Normandy. In 1082 Gorram Castle belonged to Robert, County of Mortain. Henry I. possessed himself of this Chatellenie on the Colmont, and of the neighbouring Castle of Ambrieres, on the Mayenne, by granting in exchange Black Torrington and Nimet, in Devonshire, to Geoffrey III., Duke of Mayenne. In 1135 it belonged to Geoffrey Plantanet, whoc restored it to Juhel II., Duke of Mayenne, on condition that he would assist him in obtaining possession of the dower of his wife, Matilda. In 1162 Geoffrey IV., Duke of Mayenne, restored it to King Henry II. [see remainder of this footnote in capture file]	DE GORRAM, Sir William (I13567)

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