Notes: Kent Online Parish Clerks, Kent Family Garden

Matches 1,851 to 1,900 of 3,417

#	Notes	Linked to
1851	https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/patriots-and-royalty/about/results B273628 M. Davis has given permission for the following to be posted in this project permpath AT gmail.com 1. Hugh Capet 941-986 2. Robert 2nd of France Capet 972-1031 & Constance of Aries 986-1032 3. Henry 1 of France Capet 1008-1060 & Anne of Kiev 1030-1075 4. Hugh 1 of Vermandois Capet 1067-1101 & Adelaide, Countess of Vermandios d 1124 5. Robert Beaumont & Isabel Capet 1080-1131 6. Gilbert Clare 1100-1148 & Isabel Beaumont 1101-1172 7. Richard Clare 1130-1176 & Aoife of Leinster 1145-1188 8. William 1st Earl of Pembroke Marshal 1146-1219 & Isabel Clare d 1220 9. William Braose 1197-1230 & Eve Marshal 1194-1246 10. William Cantilupe 3 1216-1254 & Eve Braose d 1255 11. Hywel Fychan Hywel & Agnes Cantilupe 1260-1298 12. Hopkin Ap Hywel Fychan (aka Vaughn) unk dates & Gwenllian ferch Rhys Foel unk dates 13. Thomas Barry c 1325 & Denise ferch Hopkin c 1325-1402 14. John Morley unk & Matilda Barry 1344 15. Thomas Ap Gwilym 1356-1438 & Maud Moreley d 1438 16. John Herbert 1404-1469 & Margred verch Lewys unk 17. Thomas AP Morgan 1443 & Jane Herbert 1457-1478 19. Thomas Fraeme 1470-? & Margred verch Morgan 1477-1531 20. Henry Fraeme 1498-1560 21. John Fraeme 1 1520-1590 22. John Fraeme 2 1550-1634 23. John Fraeme 3 1586-1659 & Joan 24. Capt. John Frame 1600-1655 & Ann Clay 1600-1638 25. Lawrence Frame unk & Mary 1620-1676 26. Thomas Frame 1645-1708 & Mary Rowell 1649-1707 27. James Frame 1687-1754 & Jane Rennick 1702-1760 28. John Frame 1723-1750 & Margaret Hoghead 1725-1797 29. John Frame JR 1748-1837 & Ann Gibson 1750-Unk 30. William Frame 1774-1838 & Susanna Davis 1785-1865 31. James W Frame 1811-1867 & JaiLa Switzer 1815-1886 32. James B Frame 1834-1900 & Mary Lovica Baker 1844-1918 33. Joseph B Frame 1885-1952 & Rhoda May Lyon 1885-? 34. Errol L Campbell 1902-1986 & Mary Lou Frame 1909-1985	CAPET, King of France Hugh (I2110)
1852	https://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/canada/97911/ Seeking information for Robert Field b. 1832 England Came to Victoria British Columbia about 1885 from Oregon.Children that came with him are Effie, Thomas, and Henry. Children married in British Columbia then came back to USA about 1910.Henry married Anna Tait one Child known is Gordon.Thomas married Emily Brownone Child Chester. Hope to find more on these names. Don't know uch about when they Came or why? Did Robert married again? Thank You Shaun Carson ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Re: Robert Field fFamily British Columbia Canada By Carolyn La Porte June 11, 2012 at 12:22:47 In reply to: Robert Field fFamily British Columbia Canada Shaun Carson 6/11/12 Hi Shaun, 1891 VICTORIA CITY JOHNSON STREET WARD, B.C. CANADA FIELD Robert, age 59, widower,teamster, born England both parents born England E. Florence, age 17, daughter, born US father born England mother born US Henry, age 12, son, born US father born England mother born US ******************** 1880 SOUTH SALEM, MARION, OREGON FIELD Robert, age 49, laborer, born England both parents born England N.E., age 37, wife, born OH father born OH mother born IN E.F., age 12,born IA father born England mother born OH A.M. age 9,born IA father born England mother born OH T.J., age 9,born IA father born England mother born OH E.F., age 6,born IA father born England mother born OH Ida M.,age 4,born IA father born England mother born OH Henry, age 1,born OR father born England mother born OH ******************* 1860 DES MOINES, JASPER, IA - MONROE POST OFFICE FIELD Henry, age 70, farmer, born England Robert, age 28, farmer, born England IOWA STATE CENSUS 1856 - DES MOINES, JASPER, IA FIELD Henry, age 65, farmer, born England Robert, age 24, laborer, born England Fanny, age 22, born England ********** so far have not found him in 1870 which is too bad as it should give wife and eldest children's names. 1911 VICTORIA, B.C. 943 MacEs Street FIELD Henry, age 32,manager, transfer Co. born March 1879 USA immigrated 1883 Annie, age 30, wife, born July 1880 Quebec Gordon Henry, age 9, son, born March 1902 B.C. I tried to find Henry in 1901 but have not yet, nor his father but here is Annie 1901 VICTORIA, B.C. TAIT Annie M., age 20, head, housekeeper, born July 12, 1880 Quebec McAllie, age 19, sister, domestic, born Sept. 17, 1881 Manitoba Mary J., age 17, sister, born July9, 1883 Manitoba Normanda, age 14, sister, born June 14, 1886 Manitoba Beatrice M., age 8, sister, born Oct. 19, 1892 B.C. so I guess Annie was looking after her sisters. Have not found them in 1891 1881 WINNIPEG, SELKIRK, MANITOBA TAIT Thomas,a ge 28, farmer, married, born Quebec Jeanette, age 21, married, born Quebec Jessie, age 1, born Quebec James, age 30, farmer, married, born Quebec Normanda, age 23, married, born Ontario Annie, age 8/12, born Quebec *************** British Columbia, Canada, Death Index, 1872-1990 about Normanda Tait Name: Normanda Tait Gender: Female Birth Year: abt 1858 Death Age: 39 Death Date: 16 Sep 1897 Death Location: Victoria Registration number: 1897-09-010151 BCA Number: B13078 GSU Number: 1927288 *********** Normanda Tait British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986 death: 16 Sep 1897 spouse: James Tait death date: 16 Sep 1897 death place: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada name: Normanda Tait gender: Female age: 39y birthplace: Glengary, Ontario spouse: James Tait digital folder number: 4437589 british columbia archives film number: B13078 registration number: 9709610151 *********** so with her mother's death it explains Annie looking after her sisters Here is a death of her sister Normanda also Normanda Tate British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986 spouse: James Tate child: Normanda Mckenzie Tate Todd death date: 04 Jan 1914 death place: Victoria, British Columbia, Canada name: Normanda Mckenzie Tate Todd gender: Female age: 26y birthplace: , Manitoba marital status: Married father: James Tate mother: Normanda Tate digital folder number: 4437647 british columbia archives film number: B13083 registration number:14-09-029408 ********************* I will post more for you as I find it. Carolyn L https://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/canada/97912/ ========================================================================== https://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/canada/97916/ Re:Thomas Field By Kathleen Burgar June 11, 2012 at 05:38:07 In reply to: Robert Field fFamily British Columbia Canada Shaun Carson 6/11/12 Vital Event Marriage Registration Groom Name:Thomas J Field Bride Name:Emily Brown Event Date:1895 8 28 (Yr/Mo/Day) Event Place:Victoria Reg. Number:1895-09-007671 B.C. Archives Microfilm Number:B11368 GSU Microfilm Number: 1983525 1901 Census of Canada Page Information District: BC VANCOUVER ISLAND (#3) Subdistrict: Nanaimo (City/Cité) Middle Ward E-2 Page 9 Images are from National Archives Web Site Details: Schedule 1 Microfilm T-6429 Field Thomas J. MHead M Apr 6 1871 30 b USimmigrated 1881, brewery teamster Field Emily FWife M Aug 15 1879 21 b BC ******** California Passenger and Crew Lists, 1882-1957 about Chester Field Name: Chester Field Arrival Date: 1 Apr 1904 Age: 3 Birth Date: abt 1901 Gender: Male Ship Name: Umatilla Port of Arrival: San Francisco, California Port of Departure: Victoria, British Columbia Archive information (series:roll number): m1412:1 father Thomas, mother Emily all born USA Thomas a butcher a possilbe for Chester, no birth in BC Vital Event Death Registration Name:Chester Thomas Field Event Date:1976 2 2 (Yr/Mo/Day) Age:75 Gender:male Event Place:Vancouver Reg. Number:1976-09-002543 B.C. Archives Microfilm Number:B13349 GSU Microfilm Number: 2050531	FIELD, Robert (I11285)
1853	https://www.linkedin.com/in/imogen-thomas-b58a1154/ Senior Live Booking Agent at Avalon Promotions Ltd London, Greater London, United Kingdom	THOMAS, Imogen (I13362)
1854	Hugh C. Penfold, "Sussex Pedigrees", a MS in Reference Library, Brighton, England, IV: fol. 27. Cites Harleian MSS 1076 and 6164. Visit. of Sussex, 1530, p. 195. Visit of Kent. 1619, Harl. Soc. 53, citing Harl. MS 1432, fol. 245. in the British Chancery Records, 1386-1558 Name: John Arderne Place: Northampton Date: 1431-1443, 1467-1473 Volume: 1 Page: 80 Bundle: 10 Name: John Arderne Date: 1452-1454, 1494-1501 Volume: 1 Page: 221 Bundle: 22 Name: John Arderne Place: Ches Date: 1486-1493 Volume: 3 Page: 32 Bundle: 83 Name: Rauff Arderne Place: Ches Date: 1486-1493 Volume: 3 Page: 32 Bundle: 83 Name: Thomas Arderne Place: Ches Date: 1486-1493 Volume: 3 Page: 32 Bundle: 83 Name: Richard Arderne Place: Surrey Date: 1502-1503 Volume: 4 Page: 85 Bundle: 264 Name: Richard Arderne Place: Surrey Date: 1504-1515 Volume: 4 Page: 419 Bundle: 366 ___________________________________________________________________________ [Source: Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, Chancery, preserved in the public Record Office by Great Britain. Public Record Office. p 39] Richard Arderne of Sussex holds, and has held for 10 years before Michaelmas last, of the king the alien priory of Ellingham with all rights and appurtenances in Hampshire for a term of years by rent of 9 marks yearly, it being worth 10 marks net yearly in addition. [C 145/305, no. 15] [Source: Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, Chancery, preserved in the public Record Office by Great Britain. Public Record Office.] Richard Arderne of Sussex holds, and has held for 10 years before Michaelmas last, of the king the alien priory of Ellingham with all rights and appurtenances in Hampshire for a term of years by rent of 9 marks yearly, it being worth 12 marks net yearly in addition. He made sale and waste of the priory buildings by allowing a grange worth 100s....worth 100s.......worth 50s to stand unroofed so that the timber decayed [12 Henry VI, 1434] p36, Entry No. 61. _____________________________________________________________________________ [Source: Surrey Archaeological Collections, Relating to the History and... Vol. 11, Some account of Leigh Place, Surrey, and of its Owners. pp. 143-149] The next family in possession of Leigh Place, so far as can be traced, was that of Arderne, in the 15th century, but it does not appear in what manner they acquired it. This family had been connected with the county long previously to this date Thomas Arderne, of Horndon-on-the-Hill in Essex, and Thomas, his son, gave the Church of St. George, in Southwark, and certain tithes in Horndon to the priory of Bermondsey in 1122. (3) About 1286, William de Arderne was rector of Merros; (4) in 12th Edward II, 1319, John de Arderne and Agnes, his wife, made a grant of lands in Basselagh, a member of the manor of Byfleet; (5) in 1324, John de Arderne was instituted vicar of Dorking; (6) and in 10th Edward III, 1336, Roger Arderne was M.P for the borough of Southwark. (7) In the patent roll, 21st Edward III, (8) 1347, there is a grant to Reginald de Cobham, of all the lands in tenements of Sir Thomas de Arderne, Knight, which had escheated to the Crown by reason of the rape of Margery, formerly wife of Nicholas de la Beche, and the murder of Nicholas de Poynings, and other felonies of which the said Thomas was convicted. It is said, in Sir William Burrell's Sussex Collections (1) that Arderne pacified the widow by marrying her, and that his lands were restored; the murder seems to have been forgotten. There is a tradition that the crimes were committed in Leigh, and that the Lady died of a broken heart; and it is said that the white Lady still haunts the house, but it is very doubtful whether an Arderne held Leigh Place at such an early date The first of the Ardernes who is recorded to have held land in Leigh was John Arderne, probably one of the family of that name seated at Cudworth in Warwickshire. There is no evidence to connect the Ardernes of Leigh with the Warwickshire family, except the statement bove, but the similarity in the arms born by the two families makes it probable tht they were related. (2) John Arderne was buried in the chancel of Leigh Church and had two wives, Margaret and Elizabeth, both of whom died in his lifetime, and six children - Thomas, John, Henry, Anna, Bregitta or Bridget, and Susanna. On a small slab in the middle of the chancel of Leigh Church is a brass, nine inches in length, of Susanna, one of his daughters, with the following inscription: Hic iacet Susanna filia Johis Arderne Armig'i & Elizabeth ur'is Sue Tui aie ppicietur deus. Amen And on a label over the head of the figure - Mercy Ihu & graunt m'cy John Arderne was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in 132, 11th Henry VI. He made his Will on the 1st February, 1446, in which he describes himself as "armiger" and after bequeathing his soul to God, his Saviour and Creator, to the blessed Mary His Mother, to St. Michael the Archangel, and all the holy angels, and to St. Kaherine and all the holy virgins, desired, if he should die in or near London, that he should be buried in the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Carmelite Brothers, in London, or Westminster, or near London, under the marble slab where his late wife Margaret lay buried, but, if he should die at Leygh or near that parish, that he should be buried in the chancel of the church of Leygh, under the marble slb where his late wife Elizabeth lay buried. He bequeathed, for the relief of the poor on the day of his burial, 20s, and appointed as executors John Somerset, William Fallan, John Elmerugge and Robert Thorp, and desired that they should carry out his last wishes contained in a schedule under his seal; and further, that john Arderne, his son and heir, and William Selman, shoud counsel and assist his executors in carrying out his Will. He appointed John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury, supervisor, and gave all the residue of his goods, etc after payment of his legacies and debts, to his said son and heir John Arderne and his daughter Bridget, to be disposed according to the discretion of his executors towards their marriages. The Will was proved at lambeth on the 12th May, 1449, by William Fallan, John Elmerugge, and Robert Thorp. (1) John Arderne appears to have died at Leigh; he was buried in the chancel of Leigh Church. On a slab on the northern side of the communion table are two whole length brasses, measuring three feet four inches in length, of John Arderne and Elizabeth his wife, the male figure being habited as a merchant, and the female wearing a horned headdress and a long cloak, on which is a talbot dog. There are smaller figures below them of their six children. The inscription is as follows: Thomas, Johnes Henricus, filii Johni Arderne Armigi' & Eliabeth ux'is sue. Anna, Birgitta & Susanna, filie Johis Arderne, Armig'i & Elizabeth ux'is sue There is no date to the inscription. On a sheild in the corner of the stone above the woman's effigy, is the coat of Arderne, arg., a fess chequy or and az. between three crescents gu, and on a shield below the same coat, impaling 1st and th,...2nd and 3rd, paly of six As two only of the children of John Arderne, John and Bridget, are mentioned in his Will, it is probablyl that the others died in his lifetime. John, his second son who became his heir, succeeded to his estate in Leigh In 1453, Flauncheford in Reigate, with certain other lands, was conveyed by feoffment to John Ardern, of the county of Warwick, nd Alice his wife, John Gaynesford, Esquire, John Elmerugge, of Albury in Merstham, and John Skynner, in trust for the said John and Alice, for their lives, and the heirs of John Arderne forever. The letter of attorney for delivering seisin was dated the 12th February, 32nd Henry VI, 1453-4, and on the 20th of the same month and on the 18th October following, Thomas Hornyngescerthe of London released all his right etc in the same lands to the said John Arderne and Alice his wife the last-mentioned John Arderne is said to have been seised of the manors of Purching, Adberton, (1) La Wick, Hangleton, Fulking, Nutknolle, Bolney, Alburne, Woodmancourt, and Hurst in Sussex, and probably was the same person who had a grant from the crown, temp Henry VI, of the manor of Tooting Bec for ten years, and who was lord of the manor of Imworth in Thames Ditton. (2) John Arderne married Alice Grene, and had three children by her, Richard, his heir, Walter, parson of the Church of Cheyham (Cheam) in Surrey, and Elizabeth. I cannot find the date of his death and cannot trace his Will. He is said to have been esquire of the body to King Henry VII, but this seems to be an error, as he must have died before that king's accession. His widow, Alice, afterwards married John Holgrave, appointed Baron of the exchequer in 1484 (1), by whom she had four children, Thomas, John, Kateryne, who married... Colyns, and Elizabeth. Holgrave died in 1487, and his widow survived him a very short time. (2) Leigh Place descended to the eldest son of the second John Arderne, Richard, who made his Will at Boseham, nar Chichester in Sussex, on the 18th November 1499, and there calls himself Richard Ardyn. After bequeathing his soul to Almighty God and our lady of St. Mary, and all the holy company of heaven, he directed his body to be buried in the chancel before the image of St. Kateryn in the parish church of "the Lee" and gave to the said pairsh church 40s and to the rood of rest for a "cote" 13s 4d. He also gave to his brother Thomas Holgrave a gilt cup, and to his brother John Holgrave his chain of gold, and appointed Johen his wife his sole executrix, and gave to her all his goods and chattels, moveable and unmoveable, wheresoever they might be He further willed that John of Lee, (3) of Addynton, Richard Culpex of Ardyng Lee, and John Chaloner, his feoffes, should suffer Johen, his wife, peaceably to enjoy and occupy all his lands without impeachment of waste during her lie, and that they should see that his said wife found an honest priet, to pray for him and all his friends and all christian souls, during her life. After her death he gave all his lands unto John Holgrave, his brother, and to his heirs wheresoever they were, and directed his feoffees to see that the said John Holgrave and his heirs found an honest priest for evermore, and to give him GB6:13s.d. by the year to pray for him, for Johen his wife, his father and mother and other friends, and all christian souls. He further gave to Walter Dabernon his house at Craley (Crawley) for evermore, and to richard Stylar, after the death of his wife, all his houses and lands in the parish of rowsper; the said Richard, his heirs and assigns, to make an obit once a year to the value of 6s 8d for him and Johen his wife and all christian souls, the said obit to be continued for evermore. Richard Arderne died on the 22nd November 1499, and his Will was proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on the 2nd February, 1499-1500 (1) Thomas Grene, vicar of Boseham, was one of the witnesses. Richard Arderne was buried on the south side of the chancel of Leigh church, where are indents for a man and woman the brasses themselves hving been lost for many years), with supplicatory labels issuing from the mouths of the figures with the following inscriptions: (Man) ut videntes Ihum semper colletemur (Woman) ffili redemptor mudi deus miscrere nobis Underneath is the following inscription: Orate pro animabus Ricardi Ardern Gentilman et Johanne xoris eius qui quidem richrdus obiit xxij di Mensis Novembris Anno Dni llmo CCCClxxxxix Quoru animabus Propiciet' deus. Amen. There are also four shields with the arms of Arderne as above, and the same coat impaling (sable) a chevron between three stags trippant [argent] There is also a small brass on the top of the stone with a representation of the Trinity; God the Father holding the Saviour on the cross, on which the Dove is sitting. All these brasses are engraved in Drummond's Noble Families, and are shown in the annexed plate. There is no record of the foundation of the chantry mentioned in Richard Ardern's Will, and it is uncertain whether he intended it should be founded in Leigh or some other church; neither is there any record on the death of Joan Ardern, nor the succession of John Holgrave, his step-brother, to the estate. Not long after Arderne's deth, however, Leigh Place appears to have been purchased or acquired in some way by Edmund Dudley, the minister of King Henry VII. There would appear to have been some connection between the families of arderne and Dudley, for in the act 3rd Henry VIII, c. xix, for the restitution of John Dudley, mentioned below, it was provided that the act should not affect the title of Thomas Stydolphe to the reversion of a messuage in Cheapsidein London, which Margaret, then the wife of John Theccher and late wife of Richard Arderne, of the parish of Lee, in the county of Surrey, gentleman, then held for the term of her life. It is possible that Margaret was the same person as Joan, widow of Richard Arderne, mentioned above, and that a mistake was made in her christian name in the act. 3 Dugdales' Monasticon, Vol. I, p 640. 4 Manning and Bray, Vol. III, pp 60, 63 5 Ibid, p. 188. Close roll, 1st Edward III, p 2, m 67 6 Reg Stratford, 90a. 7 Manning and Bray, Vol. III, p 649 8 P 3, memb. 34. 1 No. 5680, Vol. III, p 93 2. See Drummond's Noble Families, Vol. I, p. 8. 1 Lambeth Library, Archbishop Stafford's Register, fol 172 1 In 1327, a charter of free warren was granted to Robert de Arderne as to his manor of Edbarton (Tower Records, I Edward III, No 45), of which, with Perching, he died seised in 1331. (Dugdale's Warwickshire, p 297) 2 Manning and Bray, Vol. I, p 455* 1 Foss's Lives of the Judges, Vol. V, p. 54 2 Wills of John Holgrave, dated 6th August, 1486, Prerogative Register, Milles, fol. 4; of Alice Holgrave, dated 17th September, 1487, register Milles, fol 4; and of Walter Arderne, parson of Cheyham, dated 13th September, 1492, Dogett, fol. 9 3 Blank in Will 1 Prerogative Calendar, Moone, fol. 5	ARDERNE, Richard (I13118)
1855	Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester, 1st Baron Audley (c. 1291 – 10 November 1347) of Stratton Audley in Oxfordshire, and of Gratton in Staffordshire, served as Sheriff of Rutland and was the English Ambassador to France in 1341.[2][5] He was buried in Tonbridge Priory.[3][4][6] Contents 1 Origins 2 Marriage 3 Career 4 See also 5 External links 6 References 7 External links Origins He was born at Stratton Audley, the second son of Sir Hugh de Audley (c. 1267 – c. 1326) of Stratton Audley[5][3] by his wife Isolde (Iseult) le Rous (c. 1260 – 1338[5]), daughter of Sir Roger le Rous and Eleanor de Avenbury[3] and the widow of Sir Walter de Balun.[5][3] The 1st Earl had siblings including John de Audley (born c.1293) and Alice de Audley (born c.1304) who married firstly Ralph de Greystoke, 1st Baron Greystoke and later Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby.[3] Marriage He married Margaret de Clare, widow of Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall, who was the favourite (and possibly lover) of King Edward II of England.[3][4] As Margaret was a sister of Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, who was killed at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, she brought the Gloucester estates to her husband.[7] By Margaret he had a daughter, Margaret de Audley (born c. 1318 in Stafford), who was abducted as his wife by Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford.[3][4] Career Following his marriage he was created Earl of Gloucester by King Edward III. He served as Sheriff of Rutland from 1316 to 1322 and again from 1327 to 1347.[6] See also Audley-Stanley family External links Inquisition Post Mortem[8] References Page, W. (1927) Parishes: Chilton. A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 4. Ed. London, England: Victoria County History. Harrison, B.H. (2009). The Family Forest Descendants of Milesius of Spain for 84 Generations. The Family Forest National Treasure Edition. Kamuela, HI: Millicent Publishing Company, Inc. Hammond, P. W. (1998). The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda. Weis, F. L., Sheppard, W. L., & Beall, W. R. (1999). The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215: The Barons Named in the Magna Charta, 1215, and Some of Their Descendants who Settled in America During the Early Colonial Years. Genealogical Publishing Com. J. R. Maddicott, 'Audley, Hugh, earl of Gloucester (c. 1291–1347)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Fuller, T. (2013). The history of the worthies of England, Volume 3. Hardpress. ISBN 9781313240130. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gloucester, Earls and Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 128. Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem - Edward III External links de Audley family genealogy de Audley family genealogy at OurFolkGen.com Heighley Castle, Madeley Staffordshire - home of the Audley family Madeley village website with history of Audley family	DE AUDLEY, Hugh 1st Earl of Gloucester (I19728)
1856	Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford, KG (c. 1342 – 16 October 1386) was an English nobleman. Early life Hugh de Stafford was born around 1342,[1] the second and youngest son of Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford and Margaret de Audley. His elder brother, Ralph, was intended to inherit the title and had been married to Maud Grosmont, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Isabel de Beaumont in 1344, with the expectation that he would expand the Stafford estates by inheriting the Lancastrian duchy. However, Ralph died early in 1347 and Hugh became heir.[2] Around 1358, Hugh became the 3rd Lord Audley. Hugh joined his father in the French campaigns in 1359, being part of the retinue of Edward, Prince of Wales, spending time in Gascony and northern Spain. Political career He spent many years in military service, before returning to England and being summoned to Parliament in 1371 as Lord Stafford and later as Earl Stafford. On 31 August 1372, he inherited the title of 2nd Earl of Stafford. He was a member of a number of royal commissions, such as ones on Scottish affairs and on coastal defence. He was on the committee of nobles who conferred regularly with the Commons, being deemed suitable by that House to be part of the new 'continual council' of state. He did not always make the best decisions though and was admonished by his peers for censuring John Philipot, the London MP and merchant who had mobilised a fleet to defend merchant shipping.[2] Marriage and children On or before 1 March 1350, Hugh de Stafford married Philippa de Beauchamp daughter of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick and Katherine Mortimer. They had at least eight children.[3][4] Sir Ralph Stafford (c. 1367 – 1385). Ralph was killed by King Richard II's half-brother, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter in a feud during an expedition against the Scots in July 1385, over a retainer's death by one of Ralph's archers.[2] Margaret de Stafford, (c. 1364 – 9 June 1396). Married Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland as his first wife. Thomas de Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford (c. 1368 – 4 July 1392). Inherited at age of 18. Married Anne of Gloucester, daughter of Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun. No issue, the marriage was reportedly never consummated. William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford (21 September 1375 – 6 April 1395). Inherited from his brother at the age of 14. He was a ward of the Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester. He died at 19, no issue. Katherine de Stafford (c. 1376 – 8 April 1419). Married Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk. Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (2 March 1377 – 22 July 1403). Inherited the earldom from his brother at the age of 17. He married Anne of Gloucester, the widow of his elder brother Thomas. Edmund and Anne were the parents of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Joan de Stafford (1378 – 1 October 1442), married Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey. No issue. Hugh Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (c. 1382 - 25 October 1420). Married Elizabeth Bourchier, 4th Baroness Bourchier and thus 4th Baron Bourchier jure uxoris, later created 1st Baron Stafford (1411 creation), Knight of the Garter. No issue. Later life and death Hugh's wife Phillippa died on 6 April 1386, and it was probably this combined with the death of his son that pushed him to undertake a series of pilgrimages. He went first to Walsingham and then sailed for Jerusalem. He only got to Rhodes, where he died in the hospital the knights of St John in October of that year. His bones were returned to Stone Priory, Staffs, for burial next to his wife. Ancestry Ancestors of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford References "Hugh Stafford". oxforddnb.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017. Ralph Stafford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography "Stafford, Ralph de" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. "Stafford, Earl of". cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Retrieved 25 January 2019. External links Stafford' s Inquisition post mortem, 1386. Sources Richard Glanville-Brown, correspondence, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), August 17, 2005. G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910–1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 547. Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. 106th edition, 2 vols., Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Stafford,_2nd_Earl_of_Stafford	STAFFORD, Hugh 2nd Earl of Stafford (I15205)
1857	Hugh IX the Brown of Lusignan (1163 or 1168 – 5 November 1219)[1] was the grandson of Hugh VIII. His father, also Hugh (b. c. 1141), was the co-seigneur of Lusignan from 1164, marrying a woman named Orengarde before 1162 or about 1167 and dying in 1169. Hugh IX became seigneur of Lusignan in 1172, seigneur of Couhe and Chateau-Larcher in the 1190s, and Count of La Marche (as Hugh IV) by marriage in 1203. Hugh IX died on the Fifth Crusade at Damietta on 5 November 1219. Hugh IX is mentioned under the pseudonym Maracdes ("Emerald") in two poems by the troubadour Gaucelm Faidit, according to the Occitan razós to these poems. Marriage and issue His first wife was Agathe de Preuilly, daughter of Peter (Pierre) II de Preuilly and Aenor de Mauleon. Their marriage was annulled in 1189. His second wife, married c. 1189, was Mathilde of Angoulême (1181 – 1233), daughter of Wulgrim III, Count of Angoulême and Count of La Marche (brother of count Aymer/Adhemar Taillifer). He had two known children: 1. Hugh X of Lusignan. Although traditionally given as son of Matilde, he married Isabella of Angoulême, her first cousin. Since such a marriage would have been within prohibited degrees, it has been deduced that he may have been the son of Agathe. 2. Agathe of Lusignan, married c. 1220 Geoffroi V Seigneur de Pons. Fictional portrayals Hugh was portrayed by actor James Cossins in the 1978 BBC TV drama series The Devil's Crown.	LUSGINAN, Hugh IX de (I10654)
1858	Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester) Jump to navigationJump to search Hugh of Cyfeiliog Arms of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester.svg The coat of arms of Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester Born 1147 possibly Cyfeiliog (a region in the county of Montgomeryshire, Powys) Died 30 June 1181 Leek, Staffordshire Resting place Chester Cathedral Title Earl of Chester Term 1153–1181 Predecessor Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester Successor Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester Spouse(s) Bertrade of Évreux Children Ranulf III of Chester Maud of Chester Mabel of Chester Agnes of Chester Hawise of Chester Parent(s) Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester Maud of Gloucester Hugh of Cyfeiliog, 5th Earl of Chester (1147 – 1181), also written Hugh de Kevilioc, was an Anglo-Norman magnate who was active in England, Wales, Ireland and France during the reign of King Henry II of England.[1] Contents 1 Origins 2 Career 3 Benefactions 4 Family 5 References Origins Born in 1147, he was the son of Ranulf II, 4th Earl of Chester, and his wife Maud, daughter of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, who was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. A later tradition claims he was born in the Cyfeiliog district of Wales.[1] Career On his father's death in 1153, he became heir to extensive estates. In France, these included the hereditary viscountcies of Avranches, Bessin, and Val de Vire, as well as the honours of St Sever and Briquessart. In England and Wales, there was the earldom of Chester with its associated honours. Together, they made him one of the most important Anglo-Norman landholders when he was declared of age in 1162 and took possession. He quickly took his place among King Henry II's magnates, being present at Dover in 1163 for the renewal of the Anglo-Flemish alliance and in 1164 at the Council of Clarendon.[1] In 1173, however, he joined the revolt of the king's sons and led the rebels in Brittany. After sending an army of Brabantines, who forced the rebels to retreat into the castle of Dol, in August 1174 Henry arrived in person to lead the siege. Hugh and his companions, with no food left, surrendered after being promised no executions or mutilations. Held prisoner in various castles, he made his peace with Henry and was one of the witnesses of the Treaty of Falaise in October 1174 that ended hostilities.[1] At the Council of Northampton in January 1177 his lands were restored, but not his castles, and in March he was a witness to Henry's arbitration between the kings of Castile and Navarre. Then in May, at the Council of Windsor, Henry restored his castles and ordered him to Ireland. There is no record of him gaining any military successes or grants of land there.[1] He died on 30 June 1181 at Leek in Staffordshire and was buried beside his father on the south side of the chapter house of St Werburgh's Abbey in Chester, now Chester Cathedral. His successor was his only legitimate son.[1] Chapter house of Chester Cathedral Benefactions During his life he made grants to St Werburgh's Abbey at Chester, to Stanlow Abbey, to St Mary's Priory at Coventry, to Bullington Priory, to Greenfield Priory, to Trentham Priory, and to Bordesley Abbey. He also confirmed grants of his parents to Calke Abbey, to St Mary-on-the-Hill, Chester, and to the Abbey of Saint-Étienne, Caen, in Normandy.[1] Family In 1169 he married Bertrade, daughter of Simon III de Montfort, Count of Évreux, who in turn was the son of Amaury III of Montfort.[1] Their children were: Ranulf III, who became 6th Earl of Chester but died childless in 1232, when his four legitimate sisters became his heirs.[1] Maud, who married David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon.[1] Mabel, who married William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel.[1] Agnes, who married William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby.[1] Hawise, who married Robert II de Quincy.[1] Known illegitimate children were: Pagan; Roger; Amice, who married Ranulf Mainwaring, justice of Chester;[2] and an unknown daughter who married Richard Bacon, founder of Rocester Abbey.[1] Other illegitimate daughters have been claimed: one called Beatrix was alleged to have married a William Belward,[3][4] while another unnamed daughter was said to have married Llywelyn Fawr.[5] Peerage of England Preceded by Ranulf II, de Gernon Earl of Chester 1153 – 1181 Succeeded by Ranulf III, de Blondeville References Tout, T. F.; Keefe, Thomas K. (23 September 2004), "Hugh [Hugh of Cyfeiliog], fifth earl of Chester (1147–1181)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Subscription or UK public library membership required), retrieved 14 April 2018 Leycester, Sir Peter, Tracts written in the controversy respecting the legitimacy of Amicia, daughter of Hugh Cyveliok, Earl of Chester, A.D. 1673-1679, volume 78. Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 784. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1. Ormerod's History of Cheshire, Vol. 1, p. 47, Vol. 2, p. 333 Lloyd, John. E. A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest. Longmans, Green & Co. (1911) pp. 616-7 Annales Cestrienses; or, Chronicle of the Abbey of S. Werburg, at Chester, Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society, 1879.	DE KEVELIOC, Hugh 5th Earl of Chester (I1818)
1859	Hugh the Great or Hugues le Grand (898 – 16 June 956) was duke of the Franks and count of Paris, son of King Robert I of France and nephew of King Odo. He was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987. His family is known as the Robertians. Hugh's first wife was Judith, daughter of Roger Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde. Hugh's second wife was Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and sister of King Athelstan. At the death of Rudolph, duke of Burgundy, in 936, Hugh was in possession of nearly all the region between the Loire and the Seine, corresponding to the ancient Neustria, with the exception of the territory ceded to the Normans in 911. He took a very active part in bringing Louis IV (d'Outremer) from the Kingdom of England in 936, but in the same year Hugh married Hedwige of Saxony , a daughter of Henry the Fowler of Germany and Matilda of Ringelheim, and soon quarrelled with Louis. Hugh even paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis. When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh, who released him in 946 only on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon. At the council of Ingelheim (948) Hugh was condemned, under pain of excommunication, to make reparation to Louis. It was not, however, until 950 that the powerful vassal became reconciled with his suzerain and restored Laon. But new difficulties arose, and peace was not finally concluded until 953. On the death of Louis IV, Hugh was one of the first to recognize Lothair as his successor, and, at the intervention of Queen Gerberga, was instrumental in having him crowned. In recognition of this service Hugh was invested by the new king with the duchies of Burgundy (his suzerainty over which had already been nominally recognized by Louis IV) and Aquitaine. But his expedition in 955 to take possession of Aquitaine was unsuccessful. In the same year, however, Giselbert, duke of Burgundy , acknowledged himself his vassal and betrothed his daughter to Hugh's son Otto. At Giselbert's death (8 April 956) Hugh became effective master of the duchy, but died soon afterwards, on the 16 or 17 June 956, in Dourdan. Hugh's daughter Beatrice married Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine, thus making Hugh an ancestor of the Habsburg family. From their son Hugh Capet sprung forth the lineage of many kings of France and England, and descendants including King George III, Queen Victoria and Elizabeth II. In the Divine Comedy Dante meets the soul of Duke Hugh in Purgatory, lamenting the avarice of his descendants. Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. [Information now in the public domain.]	CAPET,, Hugh the Great, (I2111)
1860	Hugh X of Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême or Hugues X & V & I de Lusignan (c. 1183[1] or c. 1195 – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême succeeded his father Hugh IX as Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November, 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage. Hugh X was betrothed to 12 year-old Isabella of Angoulême when, in 1200, King John of England took her for his Queen, an action which resulted in the entire de Lusignan family rebelling against the English king. Following John's death, Isabella returned to France. By his marriage to Isabelle d'Angoulême (1188 – Fontrevault Abbey, France, 31 May 1246 and buried there) in 10 March - 22 May 1220, Hugh X also became Count of Angoulême, until her death in 1246. Together they founded the abbey of Valence. They had nine children: Hugues XI & III & II de Lusignan, Seigneur de Lusignan, Count of La Marche and Count of Angoulême (1221–1250) Aymer de Lusignan, Bishop of Winchester c. 1250 (c. 1222 – Paris, 5 December 1260 and buried there) Agnés/Agathe de Lusignan (c. 1223 – aft. 7 April 1269), married Guillaume II de Chauvigny, Seigneur de Chateauroux (1224 – Palermo , 3 January 1271) Alice le Brun de Lusignan (1224 – at childbirth 9 February 1256), married 1247 John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey Guy de Lusignan (d. 1264), Seigneur de Couhe, de Cognac et d'Archiac in 1249, killed at the Battle of Lewes. (Tufton Beamish maintains that he escaped to France after the Battle of Lewes and died there in 1269) Geoffroi de Lusignan (d. 1274), Seigneur de Jarnac, married secondly in 1259 Jeanne de Châtellerault, Viscountess of Châtellerault (d. 16 May 1315) and had issue: Eustachie de Lusignan (d. Carthage, Tunisia, 1270), married 1257 Dreux III de Mello (d. 1310) William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1296) Marguerite de Lusignan (c. 1226/1228 – 1288), married firstly 1240/1241 Raymond VII of Toulouse (1197 – 1249), married secondly c. 1246 Aimery IX de Thouars, Viscount of Thouars (d. 1256), and married thirdly Geoffrey V de Chateaubriant, Seigneur de Chateubriant Isabelle de Lusignan (1234 – 14 January 1299), Dame de Beauvoir-sur-Mer et de Mercillac, married firstly Geoffrey de Rancon, Seigneur de Taillebourg, and married secondly c. 1255 Maurice IV de Craon (1224/1239 – soon before 27 May 1250/1277) Hugh X was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh XI of Lusignan. According to explanations in the manuscripts of Gaucelm Faidit's poems, this troubadour was a rival of Hugh X of Lusignan for the love of Marguerite d'Aubusson. He was buried at Angoulême. Source: Biographies des troubadours ed. J. Boutière, A.-H. Schutz (Paris: Nizet, 1964) pp. 180-184.	LUSGINAN, Hugh X de Comte de La Marche (I10057)
1861	HUMBERT de Savoie, son of AMEDEE III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie & his second wife Mathilde d'Albon [Viennois] (Avigliana 4 Aug 1136-Chambéry 4 Mar 1189, bur Abbaye de Hautecombe). Robert of Torigny names "Humbertus comes Moriennæ" as "filius Amati comitis". "A. comes et marchio cum uxore sua M." donated property to the monastery of Ripalta, with the support of "eorum filio Umberto", by charter dated 9 Jan 1137. "Amedeus comes et marchio et Maies comitissa uxor eius et Umbertus eorum filius" donated property to the monastery of Saint-Maurice by charter dated 30 Mar 1143. "Amedeus comes et marchio et Majes comitissa uxor eius et Umbertus eorum filius" confirmed the rights of the monastery of Saint-Maurice d´Agaune by charter dated 30 Mar 1148. He succeeded in 1150 as HUMBERT III Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie. "Humbertus Mauriacensis comes et marchio" donated "locum de Tyneres" {Tinières} to the abbey of Hautcrêt by charter dated 1150. He established close relations with Henry II King of England, negotiating for the marriage of one of his daughters with the king's son John. He attempted to regain control over Turin and the surrounding lands, but came into conflict with Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" who was also extending his power in northern Italy. Although the emperor was obliged to withdraw in 1168, he returned in 1174, burned the town of Susa in revenge for its opposition during his first Italian expedition, and deprived Comte Humbert of supremacy over the bishoprics of Turin, Belley and Tarentaise, placing them under the direct control of the empire. Comte Humbert continued to fight and, after refusing a summons to attend an imperial tribunal, was condemned in his absence to banishment from the empire and confiscation of his lands. Heinrich VI King of Germany was attempting to enforce the sentence on behalf of his father the emperor, when Comte Humbert died. "Umbertus comes de Morienna" granted privileges to the monastery of Santa Maria di Staffarda by charter dated 28 Jun 1172, witnessed by "Rodulfus Alaman, Poncius de Confluent…". The dating clause of a charter dated 20 Oct 1188, which records an agreement between the bishop of Maurienne and the canons of his cathedral, names "Humberto comite presidente". The necrology of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne records the death "IV Non Mar" in 1189 of "dognus Humbertus…comes Maur. et marchio Italie". He was beatified in 1836. m firstly (before 3 Jan 1151) FAYDIVE, daughter of --- (-[1154]). "Umbertus comes, Amedei comitis filius…cum uxore sua…Faidiva" donated property by charter dated 3 Jan 1151. The origins of Faydive are not known. However, her unusual name suggests that she was Faydive de Toulouse, daughter of Alphonse I Jourdain Comte de Toulouse & his wife Faydive [Faydide] d'Uzès (-[1154]). However, she was not the only noble recorded with this name in south-western during the early 12th century so the co-identity is not without doubt. m secondly ([1155], divorced before 1162) as her first husband, GERTRUDE de Flandre, daughter of THIERRY I Count of Flanders & his second wife Sibylle d'Anjou (-3 Mar after 1186). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (in order) "Philippum, Matheum, Petrum et tres filias" as the children of "Theodericus filius ducis Alsatie [et] Sibillam", not naming the daughters but specifying that "quarum primogenita nupsit Amico comiti Intermontano". The Flandria Generosa names (in order) "Gertrudem et Margaretam" as the two daughters of Count Thierry & his second wife. The Flandria Generosa, in a later manuscript, names "Gertrudis primogenita" and her first husband "comiti de Moriana", from whom she was separated, and her second husband "Hugoni de Oisi", specifying that she later became a nun at "Mencinis". She married secondly (after 1158) as his first wife, Hugues [III] d'Oisy Châtelain de Cambrai, and became a nun at Messines in [1177]. Philippe Count of Flanders, on the point of leaving on crusade, declared that "sororis mee Gertrudis quondam Morianensis comitisse" had renounced her inheritance before becoming a nun, by charter dated [24 Apr/12 Jun] 1177. m thirdly (1164) as her second husband, KLEMENTIA von Zähringen, divorced wife of HEINRICH “der Löwe” Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, daughter of KONRAD Herzog von Zähringen & his wife Clémence de Namur (-[1173/75]). The Chronicon Sancti Michaelis Luneburgensis names "filiam ducis Zaringie, Clementiam" as wife of "Heinricus dux". The Chronicon Hanoniense refers to "filiam [uxorem]…dux Saxonum Henricus" as the daughter of "ducissam…Ciringiorum [filiam Godefridi comitis Namurcensi]". Heiress of Badenweiler, although her first husband sold these Swabian estates to Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany in 1158, receiving in exchange Herzberg, Scharzfels and Pöhlde south of the Harz. Her first marriage was arranged to confirm her father's alliance with the Welf party in southern Germany. The Annales Palidenses record the repudiation by "Heinricus dux" of his first wife "Bertoldi ducis Zaringe sorore". Her first husband repudiated Klementia because of the growing difficulties between her brother Duke Berthold IV and Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa", with whom Duke Heinrich was by then in close alliance. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified. m fourthly ([1175]) BEATRIX de Vienne, daughter of GERARD Comte de Mâcon et de Vienne [Bourgogne-Comté] & his wife Guyonne de Salins (-8 Apr 1230). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to one of the unnamed sisters of "comitem Guilelmum Matisconensem sive Viennensem et Galterum de Salins et quemdam Gerardum et Stephanum Bisuntinensem electum" as mother of "comes Thomas de Sabaudia". "Thomas…Mauriannensis comes et marchio Italiæ" confirmed the donations made by "pater meus…[et] domini comitis Humberti…abavi mei" to the canons of Saint-Jean de Maurienne, with the advice of "B. matris mee et…tutore meo Bonifacio marchione Montisferrati", by charter dated 12 Jun 1189. The necrology of Hautecombe records the death of "Beatrix comitissa" 8 Apr 1230. Comte Humbert III & his third wife had two children: 1. ALIX de Maurienne (1166-1174). Her parentage is specified by Matthew of Paris when he records this betrothal. Although he does not name her, he calls her "filia primogenita". Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal of "Humbertus comes de Mauriana…Aalis filiam suam majoram" and "rex…Johannis filii sui iunioris" at "Alvernium…Montem Ferratum" in 1173 before 2 Feb, and the agreement whereby John would inherit the county of Maurienne if Humbert had no sons by his wife. The marriage contract between "Johanni filio Henrici…regis Angliæ" and "Humbertus comes Mauriensis et marchio Italiæ…filia…primogenita…Aalis" is dated 1173. Betrothed (Auvergne 1173 before 2 Feb) to JOHN Prince of England, son of HENRY II King of England & his wife Eléonore Ctss d’Aquitaine (Beaumont Palace, Oxford 24 Dec 166 or 1167-Newark Castle, Lincolnshire 18/19 Oct 1216, bur Worcester Cathedral). He succeeded his brother King Richard I in 1199 as JOHN King of England. 2. SOPHIE [Eléonore] de Maurienne ([1167/72]-3 Dec 1202). An epitaph records the death of (her daughter) "Virgo Beatrix" daughter of "Estensis…Azo" and his "coniuge patre…Sabaudia cui comitatus". The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. m (before 1192) as his second wife, AZZO VI "Azzolino" d'Este, son of AZZO V d'Este & his wife --- ([1170]-Nov 1212, bur Vangadizza monastery). Podestà of Ferrara 1196, of Padua 1199, of Verona 1206/07 and of Mantua 1207/08. Created Marchese di Ancona e Conte di Loreto in 1210. Comte Humbert III & his fourth wife had two children: 3. THOMAS de Maurienne (Château de Carbonara 1178 after 26 Jun-Moncalieri 1 Mar 1233, bur Saint-Michel de la Cluse). An undated charter records a donation to Saint-Maurice by "felicis memorie Humbertus…Savoie comes" and the confirmation by "Thomas filius eiusdem comitis". He succeeded his father in 1189 as THOMAS I Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie. 4. daughter (-aged 7 years). The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.	SAVOIE, Humbert III de Comte de Maurienne et de Savoie (I10671)
1862	Humphrey (VII) de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (1276 – 16 March 1322) was a member of a powerful Anglo-Norman family of the Welsh Marches and was one of the Ordainers who opposed Edward II's excesses. Contents [hide] 1 Family background 2 Scotland 3 Battle of Bannockburn 4 Ordainer 5 Death at Boroughbridge 6 Marriage and children 7 Notes 8 References 9 Further reading 9.1 Secondary sources 9.2 Primary sources 10 External links Family background[edit] Arms of Bohun: Azure, a bend argent cotised or between six lions rampant or Counter seal of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, showing the so-called "Bohun swan" above the escutcheon Humphrey de Bohun's birth year is uncertain although several contemporary sources indicate that it was 1276. His father was Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and his mother was Maud de Fiennes, daughter of Enguerrand II de Fiennes, chevalier, seigneur of Fiennes. He was born at Pleshey Castle, Essex. Humphrey (VII) de Bohun succeeded his father as Earl of Hereford and Earl of Essex, and Constable of England (later called Lord High Constable). Humphrey held the title of Bearer of the Swan Badge, a heraldic device passed down in the Bohun family. This device did not appear on their coat of arms, (az, a bend ar cotised or, between 6 lioncels or) nor their crest (gu, doubled erm, a lion gardant crowned), but it does appear on Humphrey's personal seal (illustration). Scotland[edit] Humphrey was one of several earls and barons under Edward I who laid siege to Caerlaverock Castle in Scotland in 1300 and later took part in many campaigns in Scotland. He also loved tourneying and gained a reputation as an "elegant" fop. In one of the campaigns in Scotland Humphrey evidently grew bored and departed for England to take part in a tournament along with Piers Gaveston and other young barons and knights. On return all of them fell under Edward I's wrath for desertion, but were forgiven. It is probable that Gaveston's friend, Edward (the future Edward II) had given them permission to depart. Later Humphrey became one of Gaveston's and Edward II's bitterest opponents. He would also have been associating with young Robert Bruce during the early campaigns in Scotland, since Bruce, like many other Scots and Border men, moved back and forth from English allegiance to Scottish. Robert Bruce, King Robert I of Scotland, is closely connected to the Bohuns. Between the time that he swore his last fealty to Edward I in 1302 and his defection four years later, Bruce stayed for the most part in Annandale, rebuilding his castle of Lochmaben in stone, making use of its natural moat. Rebelling and taking the crown of Scotland in February 1306, Bruce was forced to fight a war against England which went poorly for him at first, while Edward I still lived. After nearly all his family were killed or captured he had to flee to the isle of Rathlin, Ireland. His properties in England and Scotland were confiscated. Humphrey de Bohun received many of Robert Bruce's forfeited properties. It is unknown whether Humphrey was a long-time friend or enemy of Robert Bruce, but they were nearly the same age and the lands of the two families in Essex and Middlesex lay very close to each other. After Bruce's self-exile, Humphrey took Lochmaben, and Edward I awarded him Annandale and the castle. During this period of chaos, when Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh, daughter of the Earl of Ulster, was captured by Edward I and taken prisoner, Hereford and his wife Elizabeth became her custodians. She was exchanged for Humphrey after Bannockburn in 1314. Lochmaben was from time to time retaken by the Scots but remained in the Bohun family for many years, in the hands of Humphrey's son William, Earl of Northampton, who held and defended it until his death in 1360. Some Bohuns remained in Scotland, where they became known as the Bounds. Battle of Bannockburn[edit] At the Battle of Bannockburn (23–24 June 1314), Humphrey de Bohun should have been given command of the army because that was his responsibility as Constable of England. However, since the execution of Piers Gaveston in 1312 Humphrey had been out of favour with Edward II, who gave the Constableship for the 1314 campaign to the youthful and inexperienced Earl of Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare. Nevertheless, on the first day, de Bohun insisted on being one of the first to lead the cavalry charge. In the melee and cavalry rout between the Bannock Burn and the Scots' camp he was not injured although his rash young cousin Henry de Bohun, who could have been no older than about 22, charged alone at Robert Bruce and was killed by Bruce's axe. On the second day Gloucester was killed at the start of battle. Hereford fought throughout the day, leading a large company of Welsh and English knights and archers. The archers might have had success at breaking up the Scots schiltrons until they were overrun by the Scots cavalry. When the battle was lost Bohun retreated with the Earl of Angus and several other barons, knights and men to Bothwell Castle, seeking a safe haven. However, all the refugees who entered the castle were taken prisoner by its formerly pro-English governor Walter fitz Gilbert who, like many Lowland knights, declared for Bruce as soon as word came of the Scottish King's victory. Humphrey de Bohun was ransomed by Edward II, his brother-in-law, on the pleading of his wife Isabella. This was one of the most interesting ransoms in English history. The Earl was traded for Bruce's queen, Elizabeth de Burgh and daughter, Marjorie Bruce, two bishops amongst other important Scots captives in England. Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, who had crowned Robert Bruce in 1306 and for years had been locked in a cage outside Berwick, was not included; presumably she had died in captivity.[1] Ordainer[edit] Like his father, grandfather, and great-great-grandfather, this Humphrey de Bohun was careful to insist that the king obey Magna Carta and other baronially-established safeguards against monarchic tyranny. He was a leader of the reform movements that promulgated the Ordinances of 1311 and fought to insure their execution. The subsequent revival of royal authority and the growing ascendancy of the Despensers (Hugh the elder and younger) led de Bohun and other barons to rebel against the king again in 1322. De Bohun had special reason for opposing the Despensers, for he had lost some of his estates in the Welsh Marches to their rapacity and he felt they had besmirched his honour. In 1316 De Bohun had been ordered to lead the suppression of the revolt of Llywelyn Bren in Glamorgan which he did successfully. When Llewelyn surrendered to him the Earl promised to intercede for him and fought to have him pardoned. Instead Hugh the younger Despenser had Llewelyn executed without a proper trial. Hereford and the other marcher lords used Llywelyn Bren's death as a symbol of Despenser tyranny. Death at Boroughbridge[edit] Main article: Battle of Boroughbridge The rebel forces were halted by loyalist troops at the wooden bridge at Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, where Humphrey de Bohun, leading an attempt to storm the bridge, met his death on 16 March 1322. Although the details have been called into question by a few historians, his death may have been particularly gory. As recounted by Ian Mortimer:[2] "[The 4th Earl of] Hereford led the fight on the bridge, but he and his men were caught in the arrow fire. Then one of de Harclay's pikemen, concealed beneath the bridge, thrust upwards between the planks and skewered the Earl of Hereford through the anus, twisting the head of the iron pike into his intestines. His dying screams turned the advance into a panic."' Humphrey de Bohun may have contributed to the failure of the reformers' aims. There is evidence that he suffered for some years, especially after his countess's death in 1316, from clinical depression.[3] Marriage and children[edit] His marriage to Elizabeth of Rhuddlan (Elizabeth Plantagenet), daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Eleanor of Castile, on 14 November 1302, at Westminster gained him the lands of Berkshire. Elizabeth had an unknown number of children, probably ten, by Humphrey de Bohun. Until the earl's death the boys of the family, and possibly the girls, were given a classical education under the tutelage of a Sicilian Greek, Master "Digines" (Diogenes), who may have been Humphrey de Bohun's boyhood tutor.[citation needed] He was evidently well-educated, a book collector and scholar, interests his son Humphrey and daughter Margaret (Courtenay) inherited. Mary or Margaret (the first-born Margaret) and the first-born Humphrey were lost in infancy and are buried in the same sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey. Since fraternal twins were known in the Castilian royal family of Elizabeth Bohun, who gave birth to a pair who lived to manhood, Mary (Margaret?) and Humphrey, see next names, may have been twins, but that is uncertain. The name of a possible lost third child, if any, is unknown—and unlikely. Hugh de Bohun? This name appears only in one medieval source, which gives Bohun names (see Flores Historiarum) and was a probably a copyist's error for "Humphrey". Hugh was never used by the main branch of the Bohuns in England.[4] Date unknown, but after 1302, since she and Humphrey did not marry until late in 1302. Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 – 1363),[5] married James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde and Thomas Dagworth, 1st Baron Dagworth. Humphrey de Bohun (birth and death dates unknown. Buried in Westminster Abbey with Mary or Margaret) Infant. Mary or Margaret de Bohun (birth and death dates unknown. Buried in Westminster Abbey with Humphrey) Infant. John de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford (About 1307 – 1336) Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford (About 1309 to 1311 – 1361). Margaret de Bohun (3 April 1311 – 16 December 1391), married Hugh Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon. Gave birth to about 16 to 18 children (including an Archbishop, a sea commander and pirate, and more than one Knight of the Garter) and died at the age of eighty. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton (About 1310-1312 –1360). Twin of Edward. Married Elizabeth de Badlesmere, daughter of Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere and Margaret de Clare, by whom he had issue. Edward de Bohun (About 1310-1312 –1334). Twin of William. Married Margaret, daughter of William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, but they had no children. He served in his ailing elder brother's stead as Constable of England. He was a close friend of young Edward III, and died a heroic death attempting to rescue a drowning man-at-arms from a Scottish river while on campaign. Eneas de Bohun, (Birth date unknown, died after 1322, when he's mentioned in his father's will). Nothing known of him. Isabel de Bohun (b. ? May 1316). Elizabeth died in childbirth, and this child died on that day or very soon after. Buried with her mother in Waltham Abbey, Essex. Notes[edit] This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Jump up ^ Ronald McNair Scott, Robert the Bruce - King of Scots, Canongate, 1988; pp. 75-76 and 164. Jump up ^ Mortimer, The Greatest Traitor, page 124. Jump up ^ See Conway-Davies, 115, footnote 2, from a contemporary chronicler's account of Humphrey de Bohun, Cotton MS. Nero C. iii, f. 181, "De ce qe vous auez entendu qe le counte de Hereford est moreis pensifs qil ne soleit." "There were some. . . [fine] qualities about the earl of Hereford, and he was certainly a bold and able warrior, though gloomy and thoughtful." Jump up ^ Le Melletier, 16-17, 38-45, 138, in his comprehensive research into this family, cites no one named Hugh Bohun. Jump up ^ See Cokayne, Complete Peerage, s.v. "Dagworth" p. 28, footnote j.: "She was younger than her sister, Margaret, Countess of Devon (Parl. Rolls. vol. iv., p. 268), not older, as stated by genealogists." References[edit] Cokayne, G. (ed. by V. Gibbs). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (Vols II, IV, V, VI, IX: Bohun, Dagworth, Essex, Hereford, Earls of, Montague), London: 1887–1896. Conway-Davies, J. C. The Baronial Opposition to Edward II: Its Character and Policy. (Many references, esp. 42 footnote 1, 114, 115 & footnote 2, 355-367, 426–9, 435–9, 473–525) Cambridge(UK): 1918. Le Melletier, Jean, Les Seigneurs de Bohun, 1978, p. 16, 39–40. Mortimer, Ian. The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327–1330 (100–9, 114, 122–6), London: 2003 Scott, Ronald McNair. Robert the Bruce: King of Scots (144–164) NY: 1989 Further reading[edit] Wikisource has the text of the 1885–1900 Dictionary of National Biography's article about Bohun, Humphrey VIII de. Secondary sources[edit] Altschul, Michael. A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares 1217–1314. (132–3, ) Baltimore:1965. Barron, Evan MacLeod. The Scottish War of Independence. (443, 455) Edinburgh, London:1914, NY:1997 (reprint). Barrow, G. W. S. Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland. (222, 290, 295–6, 343–4) Berkeley, Los Angeles:1965. Beltz, George Frederick. Memorials of the Order of the Garter. (148–150) London:1841. Bigelow, M[elville] M. "The Bohun Wills" I. American Historical Review (v.I, 1896). 415–41. Dictionary of National Biography. [Vol II: Bohun; Vol. VI: Edward I, Edward II; Vol. XI: Lancaster]. London and Westminster. Various dates. Eales, Richard and Shaun Tyas, eds., Family and Dynasty in Late Medieval England, Shaun Tyas, Donington:2003, p. 152. Fryde, E. B. and Edward Miller. Historical Studies of the English Parliament vol. 1, Origins to 1399, (10–13, 186, 285–90, 296) Cambridge (Eng.): 1970. Hamilton, J. S. Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwall 1307-1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II (69, 72, 95–98, 104–5) Detroit: 1988 Hutchison, Harold F. Edward II. (64–86, 104–5, 112–3) London: 1971. Jenkins, Dafydd. "Law and Government in Wales Before the Act of Union". Celtic Law Papers (37–38) Aberystwyth:1971. McNamee, Colin. The Wars of the Bruces. (51, 62–66) East Linton (Scotland):1997. Tout, T. F. and Hilda Johnstone. The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History. (86, 105–6, 125 & footnote 3, 128–34) Manchester: 1936. Primary sources[edit] Flores historiarum. H. R. Luard, ed. (vol. iii, 121) London: 1890. Vita Edwardi Secundi. (117–119) N. Denholm-Young, Ed. and Tr.	DE BOHUN, Humphrey , 4th Earl of Hereford (I15213)
1863	Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Northampton, KG (25 March 1341 – 16 January 1373) was the son of William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere, and grandson of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford by Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, daughter of King Edward I. He became heir to the Earldom of Hereford after the death of his childless uncle Humphrey de Bohun, 6th Earl of Hereford. Following King Peter I's visit to England, Humphrey participated in the sack of Alexandria in 1365.[1] On his death, because he had no son, the estates of the Earls of Hereford should have passed to his cousin Gilbert de Bohun. Due to the power of the Crown, his great estates were divided between his two surviving daughters: Eleanor de Bohun, who married Thomas of Woodstock. Mary de Bohun, who married Henry Bolingbroke, the future King Henry IV of England . Elizabeth, died young. His wife and the mother of his daughters was Joan Fitzalan, daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster, whom he married after 9 September 1359. Ancestry[edit] [hide]Ancestors of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford 16. Humphrey de Bohun 8. Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford 17. Eleanor de Braose 4. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford 18. Enguerrand Ingelram de Fiennes 9. Maud de Fiennes 19. Isabel de Conde 2. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton 20. Henry III of England 10. Edward I of England 21. Eleanor of Provence 5. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan 22. Ferdinand III of Castile 11. Eleanor of Castile 23. Joan, Countess of Ponthieu 1. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford 12. Guncelin de Badlesmere 6. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere 13. Joan FitzBernard 3. Elizabeth de Badlesmere 28. Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester 14. Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond 29. Maud de Lacy 7. Margaret de Clare 30. Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly 15. Juliane FitzGerald of Offaly 31. Maud de Prendergast Notes[edit] Jump up ^ Anthony Goodman, The Loyal Conspiracy:The Lords Appellant under Richard II, (The University of Miami Press, 1971), 12. References[edit] Hazlitt, William Carew, and Thomas Blount. Tenures of Land & Customs of Manors. 4th. London: Ballentine and Company, 1874. ad Medieval Lands Project on Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford	DE BOHUN, Humphrey 7th Earl of Hereford (I15209)
1864	Humphrey Stafford (c. 1425 – c. 22 May 1458), generally known by his courtesy title of Earl of Stafford, was the eldest son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville (d. 1480).[1] Biography[edit] His maternal grandparents were Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland.[2] His maternal uncles included (among others) Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury (father of Warwick, the Kingmaker), Robert Neville who was first Bishop of Salisbury and then Bishop of Durham, William Neville, 1st Earl of Kent and Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny. His most prominent maternal aunt was Cecily Neville, wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and mother to among others Edward IV of England, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Richard III of England.[3] Lord Stafford fought under his father-in-law in support of the House of Lancaster during the First Battle of St Albans. He appears to have been badly wounded at this battle, but either eventually died of his wounds or from the plague, predeceasing his own father in 1458.[1][3] Stafford married Lady Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and Lady Eleanor Beauchamp.[1] Lady Margaret was the sister of Henry Beaufort, the 3rd Duke of Somerset (executed 15 May 1464 after Battle of Hexham) and Edmund Beaufort, the 4th Duke of Somerset (executed 6 May 1471 after the Battle of Tewkesbury. Her maternal grandparents were Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warmwick and his first wife Elizabeth Berkeley. By her father, she was a niece of Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots and a cousin to Lady Margaret Beaufort (mother of King Henry VII). By her mother, Lady Margaret was a niece of Anne de Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick and as such, a cousin to Isabel, Duchess of Clarence and queen consort Anne Neville. Lord and Lady Stafford had a single son, Henry (4 September 1455 – 2 November 1483). Henry was styled Earl of Stafford on his father's death, and succeeded his paternal grandfather as Duke of Buckingham in June 1473, following the latter's death at the Battle of Northampton on 10 July 1460. [show]Ancestors of Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c Ronald H. Fritze; William Baxter Robison (2002). Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 509. ISBN 978-0-313-29124-1. Jump up ^ Gregory, Philippa (2014). The King's Curse. Touchstone. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4516-2611-7. ^ Jump up to: a b Corbet, Anthony (2015). Edward IV, England's Forgotten Warrior King. iUniverse. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4917-4633-2. Bibliography[edit] Call, Michel L. The Royal Ancestry Bible Royal ancestors of 300 American Families. ISBN 1-933194-22-7.	STAFFORD, Humphrey Earl of Stafford (I15199)
1865	Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, 6th Earl of Stafford, KG (15 August 1402 – 10 July 1460) was an English nobleman and a military commander in both the Hundred Years' War and in the the Wars of the Roses. A great-grandson of King Edward III on his mother's side, he inherited his father's earldom of Stafford at an early age. Through his marriage to a daughter of Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, Humphrey was not only related to the powerful Neville family, but many of the leading aristocratic houses of the time. Like his father, he joined the English campaign in France and fought for King Henry V; on the King's death he became a leading councillor for the new King, the six-month old Henry VI. He acted in a peace-making role in the partisan politics of the 1430s, when Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester vied with Cardinal Beaufort for political supremacy, and he was also involved in the arrest of the duke in 1445. Stafford returned to the French campaign during the 1430s, and, as a result of his loyalty and years of service, he was elevated from being earl of Stafford to Duke of Buckingham. Around the same time, his mother died. As much of his estate had been in her hands for life, Humphrey went from having a reduced income in his early years, to being one of the wealthiest and most powerful landowners in England of his generation. His lands stretched across much of the country, ranging from East Anglia to the Welsh border. Being such an important figure in the localities was not without its dangers, and for some time he feuded with, and was being attacked by, Sir Thomas Malory. Buckingham remained in England for the rest of his life, serving King Henry VI. He acted as a bodyguard to the King during Jack Cade's Rebellion, and both negotiated with the rebels for the government and, when the rebellion was over, helped investigate the causes of the revolt. He acted in a similar capacity when the King's cousin, Richard, Duke of York, rebelled in 1452. As the King became ill, and sank into a coma, the country slid towards civil war. Buckingham fought for the King in the first battle of the Wars of the Roses, at St Albans, where they were both captured by the Yorkists. He spent the last few years of his life attempting to mediate between the Yorkists and the Crown, but partly due to a personal feud with one of the leading Yorkists, Richard, Earl of Warwick, eventually threw in his lot firmly behind King Henry. Buckingham was responsible for Richard, Duke of York's defeat in 1459, which drove the latter into exile; but on the rebels' return the next year, the King was attacked at Northampton. Acting as the King's personal guard, he was cut down and killed, and the King was taken prisoner again. His eldest son had predeceased him, so Humphrey's dukedom descended to his four-year-old grandson, Henry Stafford. Contents [hide] 1 Background and youth 2 Early career 2.1 Estates 2.2 Affinity and problems in the localities 3 Later career 4 Wars of the Roses 4.1 The Battle of St Albans 4.2 Last years 4.3 Death 5 Character 6 Aftermath 7 Family 8 Cultural references and portrayals 9 References 9.1 Bibliography 10 Further reading Background and youth[edit] Humphrey was born at Stafford, Staffordshire, England, the only son of Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, and Anne of Gloucester, daughter of Edward III's youngest son Thomas of Woodstock.[1] This gave Humphrey royal blood, and made him cousin to King Henry.[2] When Humphrey was less than a year old, his father was killed fighting for the King, Henry IV, against the rebellion of Henry Hotspur, at the Battle of Shrewsbury.[1] Humphrey thus became 6th Earl of Stafford on 21 July 1403.[3] He immediately inherited a large estate with lands in more than a dozen counties. He immediately inherited a large estate with lands in more than a dozen counties. Before his mother Anne had married Edmund, however, she had previously been married to his older brother, Thomas. As a result, she had accumulated two dowries, each comprising a third of the Stafford estates, and she continued to occupy these lands for the next twenty years.[4] Humphrey, therefore, received a reduced income of less than £1,260 a year until he was sixteen. Since his mother could not, by law, be his guardian[5] Humphrey was made a royal ward on his father's death, and was placed under the control of Henry IV's queen, Joan of Navarre.[1] His minority was to be a long one, lasting the next twenty years.[6] Early career[edit] Although Stafford received a reduced inheritance, as historian Carol Rawcliffe has put it, "fortunes were still to be made in the French wars; and, like generations of Staffords before him, he assumed the profession of arms."[1] He fought with Henry V in the 1420 campaign, and was knighted by the King on 22 April the following year;[1] however the King died, still on campaign, on 31 August 1422.[7] When later asked in council if the King had made any last words regarding the government of Normandy, Stafford claimed that he was too upset at the occasion to be able to remember.[8] Stafford was a member of the entourage that returned to England with the body,[9] and was strictly still a minor himself at this time.[8] Stafford was later granted livery of his father's estate by parliament, in acknowledgement of the dead King's verbal promise, and did not impose a fee to be paid into the Exchequer for doing so, as was usual.[10] Stafford Castle, the Stafford family seat, as it remains in 2017. Following the accession of Henry VI, the Lords in parliament decided that the dead King's brothers- John, Duke of Bedford and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester- would have positions of importance in the government of England as the new King, Henry VI, was a baby on his accession. Bedford would rule as regent in France, whilst Gloucester would be chief councillor (not quite a full protector) in England. Stafford became a member of this regency royal council on its formation.[11] The first representative meeting of the council was held, with Stafford attending, in November 1422;[12] he attended assiduously for the next three years.[13] By 1424, the rivalry between Gloucester, as Protector, and the Bishop of Winchester, Henry Beaufort,[14] as the de facto head of council had become outright, frequent conflict. Although Stafford probably favoured the interests of Gloucester in the duke's struggle for supremacy over Beaufort in council[8] the young earl may also have been a moderating influence between them.[1] For example, in October 1425 Stafford, together with the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Portuguese Duke of Coimbra, helped to negotiate an end to a burst of violence that had erupted in London between the followers of Gloucester and the Cardinal.[15] However, in 1428, when Gloucester demanded an extension of his authority, Stafford was one of the councillors who personally signed an 'outspoken statement' to the effect that Gloucester's position had been formulated six years earlier, and that, in any case the King would attain his majority in the not-too-distant future.[8] Stafford was also one of the lords who was chosen by the council to inform Beaufort (who had now been appointed a Cardinal) to absent himself from Windsor until it was decided if he could carry out his traditional duty of Prelate to the Order of the Garter now he had been promoted.[8] Stafford himself was made a knight of the Order of the Garter in April 1429,[16] and travelled to France with the King for his 1430 French coronation, occasionally escorting him through the war-torn countryside.[17] He was appointed Lieutenant-General of Normandy,[18] Governor of Paris, and Constable of France over the course of his next two years of service there.[1] Apart from one occasion in November 1430 when he and Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter took the English army to support Philip, Duke of Burgundy (in which the English army was never brought into battle), Stafford's primary military role at this time was carrying out defensive duties in the vicinity of Paris.[19] On 11 October 1431, the King created him count of Perche, a province in English-occupied Normandy. Stafford held this title until the English finally withdrew from Normandy in 1450.[20][21] This was valued at 800 marks per annum;[22] although, Michael Jones has suggested that, as this was an area of almost constant warfare, in real terms "the amount of revenue that could be extracted ... must have been considerably lower."[20] Since Perche was a frontier region, and experienced of the conflict at this time,[23] whatever income the estate generated was probably invested into the defence of the region.[24] In England, on the ending of the King's minority in 1436, the council reorganised the King's Lancastrian estates under the control of local magnates. This gave Stafford control of vast swathes of the north midlands and Derbyshire, which was the largest chunk of the duchy that was delegated amongst the nobility.[25] As a result, the earl had the royal affinity- those men retained directly by the Crown in order to provide a direct link between the King and the localities[26]- to use as his own.[27] Estates[edit] Arms of Sir Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, KG English historian K.B. McFarlane estimated Stafford's total potential income to have been £6,300 gross annually, at its peak between 1447 and 1448.[28][29] although the centrepiece of Buckingham's estates, and his own caput, was Stafford Castle. This had a staff of at least forty, and a large stable, and was perfectly placed for recruiting his retainers in the Welsh marches, Staffordshire, and Cheshire.[30] He also had manor houses at Writtle and Maxstoke; the latter, which he had purchased along with most of the estates of John, Lord Clinton,[31] was useful when the court was in Coventry.[32] Likewise he would use his castle at Tonbridge when he was acting in his capacity of Warden of the Cinque ports or on commission in Kent.[33] His marcher castles – Caus, Hay, Huntingdon, and Bronllys – had, by the 1450s, generally fallen into disrepair; other border castles of his, such as those of Brecon and Newport were rarely used by the him.[33] Stafford's manor of Thornbury was convenient for Bristol, and as a stopping point to and from London.[33] His mother Anne's death in 1438 transformed his fiscal position. His inheritance included the remainder of his father's estates, which were worth about £1,500, and his mother's half of the Bohun inheritance of around £1,200. The latter also included the title of earldom of Buckingham, which bringing a further £1,000, and made him one of the greatest landowners in England;[1] and in fact only the King and the duke of York were wealthier.[34] "His landed resources matched his titles" explained Albert Compton-Reves; as his lands were distributed throughout England, Wales and Ireland.[35] One estimation of his estates suggests that, by the late 1440s, his income was over £5,000 per annum.[36] On the other hand, it is also possible that the actual income yielded from them could have been as low as £3,700,[37] and that on average he annually overspent by approximately £300.[38] Exacerbating this, for Stafford, was that rents owed to him were not always paid: even a lord of the status of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, for example, owed Buckingham over £100 in unpaid rent for the manor of Drayton Bassett in 1458.[39] In the 1440s and 1450s, Buckingham's Welsh estates were particularly notable for both their rent arrears and public disorder.[40] Affinity and problems in the localities[edit] Maxstoke Castle, purchased by Stafford from Lord Clinton All great lords created an affinity between themselves and groups of supporters, travelling with them, for purposes of mutual benefit and defence,[41] and Humphrey Stafford was no exception. These men – often tenants for soldiering, but not exclusively so –[42] were often retained by indenture; in the 1450s, Stafford retained men "to sojourn and ride" with him.[43] His affinity was probably composed along the lines laid out by royal ordinance, viz up to, but not above, 240 men, including 'forty gentlemen, eighty yeomen and a variety of lesser individuals', although drawn in much smaller numbers in times of peace from the localities, rather than a standing body of men. In the late 1440s it was at least ten knights and twenty-seven esquires, mainly from Cheshire.[29] Probably due to the political climate, this increased after 1457.[44] His household has been estimated at around 150 people by about 1450.[45] It has been estimated that maintaining both his affinity and household cost the duke over £900 a year.[29] Along with Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, Buckingham was the major magnatial influence in Warwickshire;[46] and when Warwick left for his lengthy tour of duty in France, in 1437, Stafford became the sole regional magnate, controlling a massive area stretching from Warwickshire to Derbyshire.[31] However, so involved was he with affairs of the court and government, that he was often unable to attend to the needs of his 'country'.[1] Stafford also had major estates on the Welsh Marches which occupied his time, as they particularly required order kept within them. He also acted as a royal justice in the region.[1] One of the most well-known disputes Buckingham had with his local gentry was that he had with Thomas Malory. On 4 January 1450, Malory with twenty-six other armed men, waited for Buckingham in Coombe Abbey woods, near the duke's Newbold estate with intent to ambush him.[47] Malory appears to have been repelled by sixty of Buckingham's yeomen tenants.[48] At some point Malory also stole deer from the duke's park at Caludon,[49] and the duke personally arrested Malory on 25 July the following year.[50] Buckingham also ended up in a dispute with William Ferrers of Staffordshire, even though it was the centre of his estates, after Ferrers was appointed to the county King's Bench and attempted to assert political control over the county.[51] On 5 May 1430 a Leicestershire manor of Stafford's was attacked,[52] and following Cade's rebellion, his park at Penshurst was attacked by men "concealing their faces with long beards and Charcoal-blackened faces, calling themselves servants of the queen of the fairies".[53] There was trouble in Derbyshire in the 1440s, where, it has been said, Buckingham "made no attempt to restore peace, nor made any attempt to intervene at all."[54] By the 1450s, not only was Buckingham unable to prevent feuding amongst the Derbyshire gentry, but his own affinity was in discord.[55] This may in part be due to the fact that at this time Buckingham was not spending much of his time in the midlands; rather, he was staying close to London, either at Tonbridge (Kent) or Writtle (Essex).[56] Later career[edit] The Stafford knot, the cognizance of the earls of Stafford and dukes of Buckingham, worn by their retainers to indicate their allegiance. In mid-1436 Stafford, accompanied by Gloucester, the duke of Norfolk, and the earls of Huntingdon, Warwick, Devon, and Ormond, returned to France again with an army of nearly 8,000 men.[57] Although the expedition's purpose was to end the siege of Calais, by the time the English arrived, the French besiegers had withdrawn,[58] leaving behind a quantity of cannon for the English to seize.[59] Peace talks in France occupied Stafford throughout 1439, and in 1442 he was appointed Captain of Calais[1] and of the tower of Risbanke, and was indented to serve for the next decade.[60] Before he arrived in Calais – in September 1442 – the garrison had revolted, seizing the Staple's wool in lieu of their unpaid wages. Stafford received a pledge from the council that if such a situation arose again during his tenure, he would not be held responsible.[61] In light of the secrecy that cloaked Stafford's appointment in 1442, says one modern historian, it is even possible that the revolt had actually been staged by his servants to ensure that Stafford "had entry on favourable terms" to Calais;[62] since Stafford emphasised the need to restore order there in his original application for the position.[63] He also received permission to export gold and jewels (up to £5,000-worth every time he returned there) for his use in France, even though the export of bullion was illegal at the time.[64] Buckingham was granted the Honour of Tutbury around 1435; he held it until 1443, when, as Professor Griffiths put it, he "hand[ed] it over to the son of one of his own councillors."[65] Other offices he held included Seneschal of Halton (from 1439) and Lieutenant of the Marches from 1442 – 1451. At the same time, he became less active on the council.[66] Buckingham became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle, also Constable of Queensborough, on the Isle of Sheppey, in 1450. He represented the Crown during peace talks with the French in 1445 and 1446.[1] Buckingham, as a Constable of England, and by now firmly in the Beaufort camp,[38] was one of the lords who arrested Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, at Bury St Edmunds on 18 February 1447.[1] Five years previously, Stafford had been on the committee that investigated and convicted Gloucester's wife, Eleanor Cobham, of witchcraft.[38] Buckingham, like many others, profited substantially from Gloucester's fall: when the latter's estates were divided up, the 'major prizes' went to the court nobility.[67] In September 1444, as reward for "many years' loyal and continuous service" to the Crown, he was created Duke of Buckingham.[68] He was already describing himself as 'the Right Mighty Prince Humphrey Earl of Buckingham, Hereford, Stafford, Northampton and Perche, Lord of Brecknock and Holdernesse'.[69] In May 1447 he was further granted precedence over all English dukes not of royal blood.[70] Despite his income, during his time in office as the Captain of the Calais garrison, he was heavily out of pocket. He was responsible for ensuring the garrison was paid, and it has been estimated that when he resigned and returned from the post in 1450, he was owed over £19,000 in back wages,[71] an amount so large he was granted the wool trade tax from the port of Sandwich, Kent, until it was paid off.[64] Public office continued to push him to spend over his annual income, with household costs of over £2,000, as well as all the public requirements he needed to fund,[1] effectively making him a substantial creditor to the government.[72] From May to July 1450, even before Jack Cade's rebellion had broken out, Buckingham had cause to summon about seventy of his tenants from Staffordshire to accompany him whilst he was in London.[73] When the rebellion occurred, Buckingham was one of the lords commissioned to arrest the rebels with a forceful response on 6 June 1450, and who acted as the King's negotiator to the insurgents at Blackheath ten days later.[74] However the promises Buckingham made to the rebels on behalf of the government were not kept by King Henry, and Cade's army invaded London.[75] After the defeat of the rebellion, Buckingham headed an investigatory commission which was designed to "placate" rebellious Kent,[76] and in November that year he rode noisily through London with the King and other peers, with a retinue of around 1,500 armed men, in an armed "demonstration of official power" intended to deter potential troublemakers in the future.[77] Following the rebellion, Buckingham's retinue often acted as a bodyguard to the King.[78] Wars of the Roses[edit] Main article: Wars of the Roses Brecon Castle today, was the Stafford's main marcher base. From around 1451 the King's Privy Council was controlled by Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who had effectively replaced the duke of Suffolk as the King's chief councillor on the latter's death in 1450.[79] Buckingham supported Somerset's government,[80] while trying to maintain peace between him and the duke of York. He also acted as a Commissioner of the Peace on 14 February 1452 in Devon, suppressing Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon who was preparing to join and support York.[81] When York rebelled later that month and confronted the King with a large army at Dartford, Buckingham was again a voice of compromise, and, since he had contributed heavily towards the size of the King's army, was heeded.[82] A year later, in August 1453, King Henry became ill, and slipped into a catatonic state. Government broke down. The situation remained through Christmas 1453, when Buckingham personally presented the King's son – the newly-born Edward, Prince of Wales – to Henry. But Henry "gave no manner answer."[83] Buckingham was as also present at the council meeting which resulted in the arrest and subsequent year-long imprisonment of the duke of Somerset, who by now was York's bitter enemy.[84] In the parliament of February 1454 Buckingham was appointed Steward of England – although Griffiths has called this position "largely honorific."[85] Buckingham also attended the parliament of February 1454 in which it was decided to nominate the duke of York as Protector of the Realm on 27 March 1454[86] and Buckingham supported him, attending the Protectorate council more frequently than many of his fellow councillors.[87] King Henry recovered his health in January 1455; soon after Somerset was released or escaped from the Tower. A contemporary commented how Buckingham "straungely conveied" Somerset from prison,[87] but it is less certain whether this was as a result of the King ordering his release or whether in fact Somerset escaped with Buckingham's connivance.[88] Buckingham may well have been expecting war to break out, because in 1454, he ordered 2,000 of his cognizances- the 'Stafford knot'[89] – even though strictly this (the distribution of livery) was against the law.[90] The Battle of St Albans[edit] Map of the first Battle of St Albans, 22 May 1455 With the King's recovery, York was either dismissed or resigned from his office of protector, and, with his Neville allies, withdrew from London to their lands in the north. The government meanwhile summoned a Great Council to meet in Leicester on 22 May 1455, at which, the Yorkists believed, they would be attainted, or worse. The Yorkists gathered their forces and marched south. The King, with a small force, was likewise marching north to Leicester. The King was made aware of the Yorkists' approach in the early morning of 22 May, and Buckingham urged that the royal army push on to St Albans; it has been suggested that this is because he assumed correctly that York would want to parley before any confrontation, just as he had in 1452. The decision to head for the town and not make a stand straight away may have been a tactical error, however.[91] The two parties met, then, at St Albans, with the King lodged in the town and York, with the earls of Salisbury and Warwick, encamped outside.[92] Negotiations commenced on 22 May with York demanding Somerset be released into his custody. Possibly because of this, the King replaced Somerset as Lord High Constable with Buckingham the same day,[93] and in that capacity Buckingham acted as the King's personal negotiator, receiving and responding to the Yorkists' messengers before the battle[94] and playing for time.[95] Buckingham received at least three embassies, but the King refused to give in to the main Yorkist demand – that Somerset was surrendered to them.[96] Buckingham may have hoped that the repeated negotiations would deplete the Yorkists' energy for a battle, and likewise hold off long enough for reinforcements to arrive.[97] To which end, says John Gillingham, Buckingham made an "insidiously tempting suggestion" that the Yorkists mull over the King's responses in Hatfield or Barnet overnight.[98] The battle of St Albans began whilst negotiations were still taking place, as the earl of Warwick launched a surprise attack at around ten o'clock in the morning.[99][97] Buckingham commanded the King's army of 2,500, although his co-ordination of the defence of the town has been said to have had 'serious defects', while he himself gave the initiative to the Yorkists, both of which enabled their assault.[98] Although only about 50 people died in the battle itself, this included the very senior noblemen the duke of Somerset, the earl of Northumberland, and the Lord Clifford. Buckingham himself was wounded,[94] sought sanctuary in the abbey,[100] and was possibly taken prisoner with the King.[101] Following the battle, Buckingham rewarded ninety of his retainers from Kent, Sussex[75] and Surrey alone.[102] Last years[edit] York now had the political upper hand, made himself Constable of England and kept the King as a prisoner, returning to the role of Protector when the King became ill again.[86] Buckingham appears to have supported this second protectorate too, and probably as a result of this, he lost favour with Queen Margaret. A contemporary wrote that in April 1456, the duke returned to his Writtle manor, not looking 'well plesid'.[87] Buckingham played a fundamental role at the October 1456 Great Council in Leicester,[103] where, with other lords, he pleaded with the King to impose a settlement whilst declaring that anyone who resorted to violence would receive "ther deserte"[104] – and this included any who attacked York.[1] In 1459, with other lords, he renewed his oath of loyalty to the King and Prince of Wales.[105] Until this point he may have been a voice of restraint amongst the court party – possibly even on the queen herself.[106] But his political realignment with the queen that year was decisive enough that it ultimately "hastened" the outbreak of hostilities again, although he may have partially motivated by financial needs,[107] and encouraged to do so by those retainers reliant on him.[108] He had a bigger retinue than almost any other noble in England[107] – he was probably the only noble who could match York in power and income.[109] This was demonstrated at the Battle of Ludford Bridge in October 1459, where his army played a decisive part in the defeat of the Yorkist forces.[110][107] The duke of York and the Neville earls fled Ludlow and went into exile; York to Ireland, the earls to Calais. They were attainted at the 1459 Coventry parliament, and their estates distributed amongst the Crown's supporters. Buckingham was rewarded by the King with extensive grants from the estates of Sir William Oldhall,[1] probably worth over £800 per annum.[111] With York in exile, Buckingham was granted custody of York's wife, Cecily, Duchess of York, whom, a chronicler reports, he treated harshly in captivity.[111] Death[edit] Main article: Battle of Northampton (1460) The Battle of Northampton, 10 July 1460. From the moment the duke of York and the Neville earls left England it was obvious to those in government that they would return. In June 1460 they did so, landing at Sandwich, Kent.[112] They immediately marched on, and entered, London, while the King, with Buckingham and other lords, moved the court from Coventry to Northampton.[113] In the lead up to the Battle of Northampton, the earls of Warwick and March sent envoys to negotiate, but Buckingham, backed in his position by his son-in-law, the earl of Shrewsbury and Lords Beaumont and Egremont,[113] was no longer conciliatory.[113] Buckingham, once again acting as representative of the King[114] and did not allow the Yorkists' envoys to meet Henry.[115] The duke informed them '"the Earl of Warwick shall not come to the King's presence and if he comes he shall die," and told a group of Yorkist bishops that they were not men of peace, but men of war, and there could be no peace with Warwick.[116] It is likely that a personal animosity pre-existed between the two men by this time – possibly as a result of Warwick's previous rent evasion,[110] and that Buckingham's influential voice was used a vote for action in the King's camp.[117] The duke may also have misinterpreted the Yorkists' requests to negotiate as a sign of weakness.[118] It is possible that Buckingham saw the coming battle as an opportunity to settle scores with Warwick (rather than with the duke of York); if this was so, says Rawcliffe, then these plans "ended abruptly" on the battlefield.[110] Not only this, but Buckingham may also have misjudged the size of the Yorkist army as well the royal soldiers' loyalty.[118] The royal army was outnumbered by that of Warwick and March.[113] Buckingham's men dug in outside Northampton, and fortified behind a bend in the River Nene, close to Delapré Abbey.[119] Battle was joined on 10 July 1460, but was considerably shortened when Edmund Grey, later Earl of Kent, turned traitor to the King.[118] Grey "welcomed the Yorkists over the barricades" on the Lancastrian left wing[114] and ordered his men to lay down arms, allowing the Yorkists access to the camp. Within half an hour of starting, the battle was over.[118] By 2:00 pm, Buckingham, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Egremont and Viscount Beaumont, were killed, possibly by a force of Kentishmen.[118] Buckingham was buried shortly after at Grey Friars, Northampton.[1] Buckingham had named his wife Anne sole executrix of his will. She was to give 200 marks to any clergy who attended his funeral, with the remainder being distributed as poor relief. She was also to organise the establishment of two chantries in his memory, and he left 'exceedingly elaborate' instructions for the foundation of a college in Pleshy.[120] Character[edit] In his youth, Humphrey Stafford has been described as something of a hothead,[121] and later in life he was a staunch anti-Lollard. It was probably as a consequence of this that Sir Thomas Malory attempted his assassination[122] around 1450 – if indeed he did, as the charge was never proved. Likewise, he did not lack the traditional noble traits of the time, particularly that of resorting to armed force before anything else; for instance, in September 1429, following an altercation with his brother-in-law the earl of Huntingdon, he arrived at parliament "armed to the teeth."[123] He was also a literary patron: Scrope presented him with a copy of Christine de Pizan's Epistle of Othea – in what has been described as "an elaborate act of homage to a powerful and potentially powerful patron,"[124] particularly due to its "dedicatory verses."[125] On his estates – especially on the Welsh marches – he has been described as a "harsh and exacting landlord," in his pursuit of maximising his income,[126] but also competent in his land deals, and who never – unlike contemporaries – had to sell land to stay solvent.[127] It has been noted that, although he died a staunch Lancastrian, he never showed any personal dislike of York or the Nevilles in the 1450s, and that his personal motivation throughout the decade was loyalty to the Crown and keeping the peace between his peers.[128] Rawcliffe has suggested that although he was inevitably going to be involved in the high politics of the day, Buckingham "lacked the necessary qualities ever to become a great statesman or leader... [he] was in many ways an unimaginative and unlikeable man." On his latter quality, Rawcliffe points to his reputation as a harsh taskmaster on his estates and his "offensive behaviour" towards Jeanne d'Arc at her trial, and, she says, his political judgement was "clouded" by this attitude.[129] His temper, she says, was "ungovernable."[1] Aftermath[edit] Michael Hicks has noted that Buckingham was one of the few Lancastrian loyalists was never accused by the Yorkists of being an "evil councillor", and further, that the duke was "the substance and perhaps the steel within the ruling regime."[130] Buckingham's eldest son and heir Humphrey had predeceased his father, dying of plague in 1458. As such, the Stafford dukedom and lands descended to his son- Buckingham's grandson- Henry Stafford.[110] Although Buckingham was not attainted when the duke of York's son, Edward took the throne as Edward IV in 1461, Henry became a royal ward, which gave the King control of the Stafford estates during the young duke's minority.[131] Family[edit] Humphrey Stafford married Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Westmorland's second wife Lady Joan Beaufort, at some point prior to 18 October 1424.[1] Anne Neville was a literary patron in her own right, also receiving a dedication in a copy of Scrope's translated Othea,[124] who left many books in her will.[132] They had 10 children: The marriages Buckingham arranged for his children were focussed on strengthening his ties with the royal family, particularly those of two of his sons, into the Beaufort family, and his daughters to the heir of the earl of Oxford, to William Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Beaumont[133] (which marriage cost him 2,300 marks 'and took a long even time to pay that')[134] and to John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury.[133] Buckingham had seven sons, only three of whom survived to adulthood.[1] His eldest son, Humphrey, who had predeceased him, had married Margaret Beaufort. She was the daughter of Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, and Eleanor Beauchamp, They were parents of Henry Stafford, the first duke of Buckingham's eventual heir.[1] The second link to the Beauforts was between Buckingham's second son, Sir Henry Stafford (c. 1425–1471). Third husband of Lady Margaret Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, and Margaret Beauchamp. Margaret Beaufort had previously been married to Edmund Tudor, the eldest half-brother of Henry VI, and had given birth to the future King Henry VII two months after Edmund's death. She and Henry were childless.[135] Buckingham's third son, John (d. 8 May 1473) married Constance Green of Drayton,[135] who had been his ward.[136] Humphrey Stafford assigned them the manor of Newton Blossomville at the time of their marriage.[137] John was later created Earl of Wiltshire.[138] Buckingham's daughters made good (but for their father, expensive) marriages.[1] Anne (1446–1472), was proposed as the future consort to Louis XI of France,[1] which would have linked the French Crown again with the Lancastrian regime.[139] In the event, she married Aubrey de Vere, son of John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford.[140] In 1452, Joan (1442–1484) married Beaumont; Margaret (1437–1476), married the earl of Shrewsbury. Buckingham had apparently promised to give them £1,000, but he was killed in battle before acting on the promise.[1] Cultural references and portrayals[edit] Buckingham was depicted, during his son's lifetime, as 'mounted in battle array' (during the 1436 campaign against Burgundy), in the pictorial Beauchamp Pageant, which was probably compiled by Anne, Countess of Warwick, the Kingmaker's widow, in 1480.[57] T.L. Lustig has suggested that Thomas Malory, in his Morte d'Arthur, based the character of his Gawaine on Buckingham, as Malory may have perceived the duke as being 'peacemaker and warlord, warrior and judge' – qualities which the writer later ascribed to his Arthurian character.[121] Buckingham appears in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 2 (c. 1591), in which his character conspires in the downfall and disgrace of Eleanor, Duchess of Gloucester.[141] It is possible that he was the subject and title-character of the early-seventeenth century play, Duke Humphrey, which is now lost.[142] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Rawcliffe, Carol. "Humphrey Stafford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26207. Retrieved 25 February 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Jump up ^ Griffiths 1979, p. 20. Jump up ^ Cokayne 1912, p. 389. Jump up ^ Rawcliffe 1978, p. 12. 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Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 641. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 648. Jump up ^ Rawcliffe 1978, p. 24. Jump up ^ Carpenter 1997, pp. 119–20. Jump up ^ Hicks 2014, p. 86. Jump up ^ Gillingham 2001, pp. 111–12. Jump up ^ Storey 1999, p. 100. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 716. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 721. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 723. ^ Jump up to: a b Johnson 1991, p. 134. ^ Jump up to: a b c Rawcliffe 1978, p. 25. Jump up ^ Lander 1981, p. 194. Jump up ^ Hicks 2014, p. 30. Jump up ^ Bean 1989, p. 202. Jump up ^ Goodman 1990, p. 23. Jump up ^ Carpenter 1997, pp. 133–35. Jump up ^ Grummitt 2014, p. 45. ^ Jump up to: a b Hicks 2014, p. 110. Jump up ^ Harriss 2006, p. 632. Jump up ^ Lander 1981, p. 195. ^ Jump up to: a b Goodman 1990, p. 24. ^ Jump up to: a b Goodman 1990, p. 25. Jump up ^ Gillingham 2001, p. 88. Jump up ^ Gillingham 2001, p. 89. Jump up ^ Harris 1986, p. 19. Jump up ^ McFarlane 1981, p. 235. Jump up ^ Hicks 2014, p. 128. Jump up ^ Grummitt 2014, p. 5. Jump up ^ Lander 1981, p. 218. Jump up ^ Pollard 1995, p. 22. ^ Jump up to: a b c Pugh 1972, p. 106. Jump up ^ Rawcliffe 1978, pp. 120–21. Jump up ^ Ross 1986, p. 32. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Rawcliffe 1978, p. 27. ^ Jump up to: a b Rawcliffe 1978, p. 26. Jump up ^ Gillingham 2001, p. 110. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Goodman 1990, p. 37. ^ Jump up to: a b Hicks 2014, p. 153. Jump up ^ Gillingham 2001, p. 124. Jump up ^ Lewis 2015, p. 80. Jump up ^ Ross 1986, p. 47. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Goodman 1990, p. 38. Jump up ^ Harriss 2006, p. 642. Jump up ^ Harris 2002, p. 154. ^ Jump up to: a b Lustig 2014, p. 98. Jump up ^ Lustig 2014, p. 8. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1981, p. 135. ^ Jump up to: a b Gertsman & Stevenson 2012, p. 105. Jump up ^ McFarlane 1981, p. 218. Jump up ^ Harris 1986, p. 1. Jump up ^ Rawcliffe 1978, p. 121. Jump up ^ Harris 1986, p. 17. Jump up ^ Rawcliffe 1978, p. 19. Jump up ^ Hicks 2014, p. 154. Jump up ^ Ross 1972, p. 55. Jump up ^ Charlton 2002, p. 185. ^ Jump up to: a b Rawcliffe 1978, p. 23. Jump up ^ McFarlane 1980, p. 87. ^ Jump up to: a b McFarlane 1980, p. 206. Jump up ^ Harris 2002, p. 63. Jump up ^ Biancalana 2001, p. 436. Jump up ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 735. Jump up ^ Griffiths 1979, p. 23. Jump up ^ Cokayne 1913, p. 355. Jump up ^ Dobson, Wells & Sullivan 2015, p. 47. Jump up ^ Wiggins & Richardson 2015, p. 203. Bibliography[edit] Allmand, C. T. (1983). Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of Medieval Occupation. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-822642-0. Allmand, Christopher (2014). Henry V. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21293-8. Baugh, Albert C. (1933). "Documenting Sir Thomas Malory". Speculum. 8 (1): 3–29. Bean, John Malcolm William (1989). From Lord to Patron: Lordship in Late Medieval England. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-2855-7. Beltz, George Frederick (1841). Memorials of the Order of the Garter, from Its Foundation to the Present Time: Including the History of the Order; Biographical Notices of the Knights in the Reigns of Edward III. and Richard II., the Chronological Succession of the Members ... W. Pickering. Bernard, G. W. (1992). The Tudor Nobility. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3625-5. Biancalana, Joseph (2001). The Fee Tail and the Common Recovery in Medieval England: 1176–1502. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-43082-1. Britnell, R.H. (1995). "The Economic Context". In Pollard, A. J. The Wars of the Roses. St. Martin's Press. pp. 41–64. ISBN 978-0-312-12699-5. Carpenter, Christine (1997). The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the Constitution in England, C.1437–1509. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31874-7. Castor, Helen (2000). The King, the Crown, and the Duchy of Lancaster: Public Authority and Private Power, 1399–1461. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-154248-0. Charlton, Kenneth (2002). Women, Religion and Education in Early Modern England. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-67659-0. Cokayne, George E. (1912). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. 2. St Catherine Press. OCLC 926878974. Cokayne, George E. (1913). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. 3. St Catherine Press. OCLC 312790481. Cokayne, George E. (1959). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. 12. St Catherine Press. OCLC 312826326. Crouch, David; Carpenter, David A. (1991). "Bastard feudalism Revised". Past & Present. 131: 165–189. Dobson, Michael; Wells, Stanley; Sullivan, Erin (2015). The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-870873-5. Gertsman, Elina; Stevenson, Jill (2012). Thresholds of Medieval Visual Culture: Liminal Spaces. Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-697-1. Gillingham, John (2001). The Wars of the Roses: Peace and Conflict in 15th Century England. Phoenix Press. ISBN 978-1-84212-274-7. Goodman, Anthony (1990). The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society, 1452–97. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-05264-1. Griffiths, Ralph Alan (1979). "The Sense of Dynasty in the Reign of Henry VI". In Ross, Charles Derek. Patronage, Pedigree, and Power in Later Medieval England. A Sutton. pp. 13–31. ISBN 978-0-8476-6205-0. Griffiths, Ralph Alan (1981). The Reign of King Henry VI: The Exercise of Royal Authority, 1422–1461. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04372-5. Grummitt, David (2008). The Calais Garrison: War and Military Service in England, 1436–1558. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84383-398-7. Grummitt, David (2014). A Short History of the Wars of the Roses. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-303-0. Harris, Barbara Jean (1986). Edward Stafford, Third Duke of Buckingham, 1478–1521. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-1316-0. Harris, Barbara Jean (2002). English Aristocratic Women, 1450–1550: Marriage and Family, Property and Careers. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515128-2. Harriss, G. L. (1988). Cardinal Beaufort: A Study of Lancastrian Ascendancy and Decline. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820135-9. Harriss, Gerald (2006). Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-921119-7. Hicks, M.A. (2013). Bastard Feudalism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89896-2. Hicks, Michael (2014). The Wars of the Roses: 1455–1485. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1018-2. Jacob, Ernest Fraser (1993). The Fifteenth Century, 1399–1485. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285286-1. Johnson, P. A. (1991). Duke Richard of York 1411–1460. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-820268-4. Jones, Michael K. (1983). The Beaufort Family and the War in France 1421–1450 (Doctoral thesis). University of Bristol. Lander, J. R. (1981). Government and Community: England, 1450–1509. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-35794-5. Lewis, Matthew (2015). The Wars of the Roses: The Key Players in the Struggle for Supremacy. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-4636-7. Lustig, T. L. (2014). Knight Prisoner: Thomas Malory Then and Now. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-1-78284-118-0. Matusiak, John (2012). Henry V. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-16251-0. McFarlane, Kenneth Bruce (1980). The nobility of later medieval England: the Ford lectures for 1953 and related studies. Clarendon Press. McFarlane, Kenneth Bruce (1981). England in the Fifteenth Century: Collected Essays. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8264-4191-1. Pollard, A. J. (1995). The Wars of the Roses. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-12699-5. Pugh, Thomas B. (1972). "The Magnates, Knights and Gentry". In Chrimes, Stanley Bertram; Ross, Charles Derek; Griffiths, Ralph Alan. Fifteenth-century England, 1399–1509: Studies in Politics and Society. pp. 86–128. ISBN 978-0-0649-1126-9. Rawcliffe, Carole (1978). The Staffords, Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham: 1394–1521. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-21663-0. Reeves, A. Compton (1972). "Some of Humphrey Stafford's Military Indentures". Nottingham Medieval Studies. 16: 80–91. Ross, Charles (1972). "The reign of Edward IV". In Chrimes, Stanley Bertram; Ross, Charles Derek; Griffiths, Ralph Alan. Fifteenth-century England, 1399–1509: Studies in Politics and Society. Manchester University Press. pp. 49–66. ISBN 978-0-06-491126-9. Ross, Charles Derek (1986). The Wars of the Roses: A Concise History. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27407-1. Storey, R. L. (1999). The End of the House of Lancaster. Sutton Pub. ISBN 978-0-7509-2007-0. Wiggins, Martin; Richardson, Catherine (2015). British Drama 1533–1642: A Catalogue: Volume VI: 1609–1616. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-873911-1. Further reading[edit] Haigh, Philip A. (1995). Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses. Stroud. ISBN 9780750909044.	STAFFORD, Humphrey 1st Duke of Buckingham, 6th Earl of Stafford (I15201)
1866	Humphrey to get land in London subject to the entail made in his grandfather's Thomas Gay's will. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1532 RX203 13 Mar 1532. Release by David Borham of Maydeston, co. Kent., to Humfrey Gay of Elmested of his right in a tenemnent with gardens annexed etc. in Elmested, as appears by a writing of release made by Edward Wotton, knight, Sampson Baker and Sampson Cloke to the grantor dated 24 July, 22 Henry VIII. Broken seal. 25/— [Source: H. R. Moulton Catalogue, 1930. http://www.durtnall.org.uk/DEEDS/Moulton/Kent%201-100.htm] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- First Previous12 of 23Last Next CCA-DCc - DEAN AND CHAPTER ChAnt - Chartae Antiquae B - Chartae Antiquae B Title Agreement Order Number CCA-DCc/ChAnt/B/361 PreviousNumbers B 331 (late 19th c) Date 19 Apr 1512 Description 6Party: Thomas Goldstone, IV, prior of Canterbury Cathedral Priory Party: William Dannyell, yeoman, of Pagham, Sussex; John Frye, yeoman, of Pagham, Sussex; John Hyghwod, yeoman, of Birstead, Sussex Agreement made before Robert [Sherborne], bishop of Chichester, concerning payments owed by William for the rectories of [South] Bersted and Pagham, Sussex. They are bound to the priory by a bond of the same date. Priory's part of indenture. Humphrey Gay, priory auditor, has sealed the other part. Extent 1 doc Physical Description Paper, 1p, indented at top, watermark, 3 seals Language English AccessStatus Open Open Related Material Related bond: CCA-DCc-BB/82/77 First Previous13 of 23Last Next CCA-DCc - DEAN AND CHAPTER ChAnt - Chartae Antiquae C - Chartae Antiquae C Title Quitclaim Order Number CCA-DCc/ChAnt/C/748 PreviousNumbers Q 137 (Norris); C 733 (late 19th c) Date 26 Nov 1513 Description From: Humphrey Gay; Simon Hoyges; Paul Richemond; Edmund Wilcok; Thomas Frenshe; Thomas vynetre; Christopher Tayllour To: John Hale; John Auger For a messuage in St Alphege parish in the city of Canterbury, concerning which a fine was receenlty levied in the king's court in the Guildhall of Canterbury between the quitclaimers and John Hale and John Auger, plaintiffs, and John Aworde and Joan his wife, deforciants. Signatures of Humphrey, Simon and William on seal tags. Extent 1 doc Physical Description Parchment, 1m, 7 seals, slightly dirty Language Latin AccessStatus Open First Previous14 of 23Last Next CCA-DCc - DEAN AND CHAPTER ChAnt - Chartae Antiquae C - Chartae Antiquae C Title Demise Order Number CCA-DCc/ChAnt/C/747 PreviousNumbers Q 135 (Norris); C 732 (late 19th c) Date 28 Nov 1513 Description From: John Hale (signs 'Hales'); John Auger (signs 'Awcher'') To: Humphrey Gay; Simon Hoyges; Paul Richemond; Robert Henxsell'; William Courthope; William Fowle; Nicholas Paver; Nicholas Webbe; John Covyngton'; John Note; Thomas Frenshe; Richard mokette; Alan Frognale; Thomas Breche A messuage in St Alphege parish, Canterbury, lying with the land of Thomas Colsell' to east, the lands of Robert Henxsell' and Geoffrey Breche to south and the king's highway to west and north. There was a fine levied concerning this messuage in the king's court of the city of Canterbury in the Guildhall of the same city between John Hale, John Auger, Humphrey, Simon, Paul, Thomas Frenshe, Thomas vynetre and Christopher Taillour', plaintiffs, and John Aworde and Joan his wife, deforciants, and Humphrey, Simon, Paul, Thomas Frenshe, Thomas vynetre and Christopher released their right in the lands to John Hale and John Auger. John Hale's signature on plica; John Auger's signature on seal tag. Witnesses to livery of seisin: William Halk, gent; Thomas Sprot; John Marsall; Edmund Aylcok; John Bredekyrk; Thomas vyvell'; John Smyth; John Gybbes Endorsed with livery of seisin in early 16th cent hand. Extent 1 doc Physical Description Parchment, 1m, 2 seals, slightly dirty Language Latin AccessStatus Open First Previous15 of 23Last Next CCA-DCc - DEAN AND CHAPTER ChAnt - Chartae Antiquae W - Chartae Antiquae W Title Receipt Order Number CCA-DCc/ChAnt/W/253 Date 19 Jul 1516 Description From: Humphrey Gay, servant of the prior of Canterbury Cathedral Priory To: the prior of Lewes Priory [Sussex] For account rolls for the manor of Wootton [Sussex], as specified, dating from 26 Jul 1437 to 8 Apr 1515. Humphrey's signature at end of document. Extent 1 doc Physical Description Paper, 1p, indented at top, small tears in centre and left and right edges, slightly dirty, slightly stained, slightly creased Language English AccessStatus Open ConservationPublic Unfit for production First Previous16 of 23Last Next CCA-DCc - DEAN AND CHAPTER ChAnt - Chartae Antiquae C - Chartae Antiquae C Title Valuation Order Number CCA-DCc/ChAnt/C/223A PreviousNumbers 37 (early modern); 10 (19th c) Date [1537x1539] Description Valuation of the possessions of the cathedral priory. Listed by county. With list of priory expenses to be deducted from total. Includes payment to Humphrey Gay, priory auditor. No date. [Date: The document refers to Prince Edward. Humphrey Gay was auditor in 1538, but had been replaced by Oct 1539 (DCc/Register/T, ff102r and 167v).] Manors etc numbered in late 17th cent hand. At front, place-name index in same hand using number scheme. Extent 1 volume Physical Description Parchment quire, 16ff, bound between 2 paper quires of 8ff; bound in cream vellum with gold tooling Language Latin AccessStatus Open Open Court of Chancery: Six Clerks Office: Early Proceedings, Richard II to Philip and Mary. Chancery pleadings addressed to John, Archbishop of Canterbury as Lord Chancellor.... Short title: Gay v Daly. Plaintiffs: Humphrey Gay and Alice, his wife, daughter and heir of Nicholas Smethe, of Elmested, executor of Margaret Trocher. Defendants: Thomas Daly, feoffee to uses, and William Horn. Held by: The National Archives - Chancery, the Wardrobe, Royal Household, Exchequer and various commissions Date: 1486 - 1493 Reference: C 1/95/33 Subjects: Litigation Reference: C 1/95/33 Description: Short title: Gay v Daly. . Subject: A messuage and land in Elmested sold to the said Nicholas under the will of the said Margaret. Kent. 3 documents Date: 1486-1493	GAY, Humphrey (I16140)
1867	Hurlestone, Andrew, of St. Clement's in Sandwich, mariner, and Margaret French, of the same place, widow. At Woodnesborough. John Collard of St. Martin's, Canterbury, yeoman, bondsman. Sept 18, 1617. Willis Marr Lic.	HURLESTON, Mr. (I13789)
1868	Husbandman, married by licence - John of Brooke, husbandman and Grace EGERDON, of Brabourne, spinster, at St. Mary Breadman, Canterbury 30 Nov 1564?	DODD, John (I10886)
1869	HYLAND, EMMA HILLS GRO Reference: 1837 S Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 05 Page 202 Marriages Jun 1858 (>99%) Bevan George Trueman Maidstone 2a 620 Scan available - click to view Buckingham Ellen Maidstone 2a 620 Scan available - click to view Fryer Henry Maidstone 2a 620 Scan available - click to view Hyland Emma Maidstone 2a 620	HYLAND, Emma (I10756)
1870	HYLAND, HENRY DANIEL PEACK GRO Reference: 1862 M Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 485 Death registration HYLAND, HENRY DANIEL 2 GRO Reference: 1864 M Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 399	HYLAND, Henry Daniel ^ (I19009)
1871	HYLAND, SYDNEY PEACH GRO Reference: 1869 S Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 591	HYLAND, Sidney (I10781)
1872	I am not certain if Ruck or Thomas was the child that was buried on 20 July 1763. The register entry only states "buried a child of Adam Pope". I am assigning this burial to Ruck Pope as I would have expected to see the term "infant" used had the burial been describing then one-month old Thomas.	POPE, Ruck (I5031)
1873	I am not certain that this burial is correct for this William. However, he is the only William that would have had business in St. George during this era and the age at burial of 17 years places the birth year just about bang on.	RUCK, William ^ (I5429)
1874	I believe John, immediately above, married a woman named Eleanor SHAKEWEY. Even if it is not this John, then it is a John that is much more closely related to our Thomas than the Coombe-Arderne-deEarde female line is. The younger children of Richard A’DENNE and Agnes De APULDREFELD appear to have settled in Barham (the place where our Thomas A’DENNE resided) (College of Arms information). I have also found a quadripartite Indenture dated 21 Henry VI. [1442/3] whereby Michael Shakewey of Berham enfeoffees his lands in Berham, Kyngeston, Stellyng, Orgoryswyke and Seintemaricherche for the benefit of his wife, Parnel and his two daughters Isabel Cherche and Eleanor DENNE wife of John DENNE and their son Richard DENNE. Specifically, the DENNES were to receive “in the parish of Berham in places called "Southberham" and "Southderyngeston,"”. So, what we would have is a lineage that would like something like this: Thomas DENNE and [wife unknown] who marries 2nd Margaret Naisshe widow -To Michael DENNE [A’DENNE born circa 1445 and most likely a son of Richard] and [wife unknown][marr circa 1475] -To John A’DENNE and Eleanor SHAKEWEY -To Richard A’DENNE and Agnes DE APULDREFELD -To Sir William A’DENNE and Elizabeth DE GATTON -And following the lineage backwards as already known	A’DENNE, John (I16342)
1875	I believe this to be the correct wife and the correct marriage now owing to the presence of an Izabell Chapman as a witness to the Will of Richard Walker in 1683. No baptism at High Halden of any Chapmans until much later in the 1600s.	CHAPMAN, Elizabeth (I3974)
1876	I first learned of Ida Calder (nee Schenk) during the last week of June 2002 through a rather obscure genealogical bulletin board posting on Genealogy.com. Ida had responded to another individual who was interested in the surname of Deacon originating in Kent, England. Ida responded by saying that her grandmother's parents were Elizabeth Gregory and George Duncan who had both been born in Faversham, Kent. Below are two of the messages that I found on the Deacon Family Message Board. "Thanks for the reply. I'm in Pensacola, Fl but my Gfather emigrated to the USA in the late 1800's from Faversham Kent England. He was born Sep 12, 1864 and died Sep 02, 1943. He was married to Edith G. Duncan and had 10 children by her and one daughter from a previous marriage whose wife died in childbirth. I know little of my Gfathers family except that his father was William Deacon and his mother was Mary Jane Moore. If you run across anyone like this let me know. Thanks again for you note. Ida Calder I am searching for information on Alfred James Deacon's family. He was born in Faversham, Kent, England on Sept 12, 1864 and died Sept 2, 1943 in Norristown, Pa." I immediately attempted to contact Ida via the email address that she had posted - the postings were from November and December 2001 but I had hoped that she still had the same email. My emails were returned to me as undeliverable so I first contacted the list owner of the Deacon Board. He was very enthusiastic and even made a few address searches for me but unfortunately turned up nothing. Other than to say that Ida had obviously changed internet service providers. At that point, 1 July 2002, I was a little stymied for a next move in an attempt to locate Ida Calder. As her message had indicated that she was in Pensacola, Florida I started my search for her on all of the usual genealogical websites for Florida and Escambria County. I also tried searches for Norristown, Pennsylvania and Montgomery County. But none of the usual genealogical sources were helpful. I then ran a telephone directory search for the Calder surname in Pensacola and, Voila!, Ida's address came back. I did not want to write to her directly as the first contact so I continued to search through various Escambria County websites and eventually stumbled onto the site of the Escambria County Offices. What an amazing search that turned out to be. Florida has now passed a law that records of all public matters - such as court records, both civil and criminal; traffic violations; official records such as building and bylaw infractions - be placed on-line and fully searchable and viewable by all by 2006. Escambria County is amongst the most progressive and I turned up an enormous amount of data concerning Ida Calder and was even able to develop a short tree of her, her husband and several of her children and grandchildren through the documents that are on-line. During this search I realized that I was probably in search of a lady in her mid-70s and I became very hesitant about contacting her directly via the post. The last document on the Escambria County Clerk's website was dated during April 2002 and naturally many things could have transpired in the intervening months. So I kept searching through Florida websites and eventually came up with the Penscola News Journal, the local newspaper. Again, the Penscola News Journal site proved fruitful. After searching through all of the obituaries from April to July 1, 2002, I decided to send an email message to the editor of the genealogy column. I asked if it would be possible to place a few lines seeking contact with Ida Calder in that column. On July 5, 2002 the editor wrote back to me saying that she would be happy to assist. Evidently, my request was published in the Sunday edition on July 14, 2002 as on July 22 I received a very nice letter from Ida enclosing a wealth of details concerning the Duncan family. Most of the information provided in the notes that are attached to the children of Elizabeth Gregory and George Duncan were provided to me by Ida Calder. I have added the additional details concerning the emigration of Martha Duncan after searching the Ellis Island website.	SCHENCK, Ida May (I4966)
1877	I have added a Fact source to the posting below on Family Search as follows: "John and Alice Wyborne of Chilham, Kent Will of Alice Wyborne of Chilham, Kent, PROB 16 Oct 1541 offers proof of a son Robert, and thereby father of Richard bn ca 1546. " "[Source: Archdeaconry Court of Canterbury, Canterbury Cathedral Archives, Will, Archdeaconry Court of Canterbury (U.S.A., Salt Lake City: Genealogical Society of Utah), PRC/17, 1541, vol. 22, fol. 186a, 16 Oct 1541] The Will of Alice Wyborne, wife of John Wyborn who died at Chilham 1534/1535, specifies: "First, I will that ROBERT my son shall have my tenement with the lands thereto belonging to him and to the heirs of his body lawfully begotten And if it fortune the said ROBERT my son to die without heirs of his body lawfully begotten, that then I will the said tenements and lands be sold by my Executors then being alive or else by the church wardens of Chilham to the best price, And the money thereof coming half to be sung in the said church for my soul and for all Christian souls and the residue in charitable deeds where most need requireth for the health of my soul." Inasmuch as minors were not able to inherit real property except by certain circumstances, it would indicate a birth year for Robert of between 1520 and 1525. Also, the bequest to Robert indicates that he is not yet married in 1541. Alice also names a godson, quite likely a grandson, named Robert Howling. She also mentions Clement Wyborn but does not state a relationship indicating that he is not a direct descendant of Alice. However, as he is to have 2 acres of land, regardless of location in Chilham, it would suggest that Clement Wyborn was a reasonably close relative. If this Clement is the brother of Alice's husband, John, then he would have been her brother-in-law. Clement Wyborn is named as one of the Executors but it are two of her witnesses that petition for probate on behalf of 'the Executors named in the Will'. No bequests are made to nephews or nieces of Alice, which suggests to me that she had no living siblings and that her husband's living siblings had no children. No Will or Inquisition Post Mortem for Clement seems to exist so he may not have been married or left children." https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYR6-J64 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Another researcher of this family argues that Clement is the father of my Richard as follows: evidence supporting father by BeverlyRoth E-mail Address: rothbeverly@hotmail.com added to familysearch January, 2018. https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/LYR6-J64 "Father would be either Robert son of John Wybourne (will 1534 of Chilham) and his wife Alice (will 1541) of Chilham OR John's brother Clement Wybourne. There are arguments for either. (1) John does not mention a son in his 1534 will so either his wife is pregnant, which means Robert was born 1534/5, or his will is just unusual in not mentioning a living son. If the son Robert was age 10 when his father died, he could be the father of this Richard and we know they were all in Chilham. If Robert was born about 1534/5 he was born too late to be Richard's father. (2) Clement did not leave a will and, like John was born in Goodnestone, but although we know John moved to Chilham, the only indication that Clement moved there is being mentioned in the 1544 will of John Maxsted of Chilham. Clement would make a better time fit to be the father of Richard but Richard did not name a son Clement as we would expect. That may not be a problem because he was the only Wybourne family in Chilham having children at the time of Alice's birth and she was not recorded. It is possible he moved there already having a couple young children. The naming pattern is that the first son is named after the man's father and usually in the bride's parish. Since we have no records of his marriage or where that parish is, a child named Clement is an open possibility. I have chosen Clement as the father of Richard since that seems more probable to me." She then goes to say that Jeoffrey is the father and Florence the mother of Clement as follows: "WILL Jeffrey Wybourne of Goodnestone - wife Florence - daughters Alice, Catherine, Cecilie & Margaret all single - sons John & Clement - Johan Cussen? - overseer John Barbar - written 16 March 1527 - probated 26 September 1572 " Will Wybarne Geoffrey Goodnestone 1527 1527 PRC/17/17/296b Act Wyborne John Faversham 1540 PRC/3/10/62	WYBORN, Robert (I16571)
1878	I have no evidence, as yet, that it was Gregory Collard who was the subject of the following discourse. However, in the absence of his marriage it would seem that he would be the most likely candidate of the children of John Collard to fill these shoes. "Collections for an history of Sandwich in Kent: With notices of the other Cinque Ports" pp. 476-477 Vol. iii, p. 270. 1584. Something occurred this year in Canterbury that despake Richard suffragan bishop of Dover to have been a pious, upright and just man. There happened to be a foul murther committed in that city by a gentleman's son there; so barbarous, that when it came to Manwood the lord chief baron's ears, that lived hard by, he was resolved the murtherer, as he deserved, should die for it. But nothwithstanding afterwards it was put up; and the malefactor walked confidently about the streets to the indignation of the people. Which the said suffragan related to Thomas Diggs Esq. a gentleman of good quality in those parts, in a letter to this purport. 'The son of one Collard of Canterbury did lately in the open streets there mostr wilfully kill a poorer man. Whereat the chief baron was so moved at the first that he earnestly vowed the hanging of the murtherer. But aft erht father, being a rich man, had dealt with him in behalf of his son, he brake his vow; and contrary to all expectation procured, as it must needs be of some wrong suggestion, a pardon for the said murtherer who then walked up and down the streets in Canterbury, as it were in despight of all his enemies, to the great grief of all his inhabitants there. But such parts as these were, were not as he (the suffragan) thought strange unto him (unto whom he wrote) in this party, (meaning the chief baron). He added upon this, that he hoped a day would come when they should see him a better man; or else he was persuaded his confusion would not tarry long. For the Lord is a righteous judge, strong and patient: and God is provoked every day. if a man will not turn, he will wet his sword. He hath bent his bow and made it ready. He hath prepar'd him for the instruments of death.' (By these words of Psalm VII, glancing at the that chief baron corrupt.) It was dated from Sutton 27th October: subscribed your most assured Ri. Dover. In a catalogue of articles drawn up afterwards against this aforesaid lord chief baron, (the paper endorsed, Abuses committed by him) this was on. "Collard son of Canterbury killed a poor man, coming from his work, in the open street at Canterbury. For which the chief baron threatening at the first to hang him: but by means of 240L. paid by his father, the son had his pardon by the chief baron's means. And ever after the offender wore the chief baron's livery. His father was a brewer in Canterbury, who said and swore that it cost him 240L. to appease the matter by soliciting the chief baron." [Source: "Collections for an history of Sandwich in Kent: With notices of the other Cinque Ports" pp. 476-477, citing Extracts relating to Sir Roger Manwood from 'Strype's Annals', Vol. iii, p. 270. 1584. Vol. iii, p. 270. 1584.]	COLLARD, Gregory (I8167)
1879	I have no idea where this fits in the children 11PROB 11/227/5: Brent, Quire Numbers 110-165 (1653) IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN, I, VALENTINE AUSTINE of the parish of Adisham, in the County of Kent, do this five and twentieth day of October 1652 make and declare this my last Will in manner and form following, Inprimis I will and bequeath my soul into the hands of almighty God trusting assuredly to be saved by the only merits of Jesus Christ and by no other means and my body to be buried in Adisham church in decent manner at the discretion of my Executrix. First, I will and bequeath unto my eldest son, ROBERT AUSTIN to be paid unto him by Executrix hereafter named the sum of one hundred pounds of good and lawful English money at the age of one and twenty years. My will and meaning is that my son ROBERT shall have the table in the parlour and the great press in the hall that is now standing and likewise the bed in the little sealed chamber over the kitchen all ready furnished as it is now standing and one little desk hard by the entrance into the parlour. Also the great chest in the parlour also the little table in the great chamber with the great press that is standing in the great chamber. Also I give unto my son ROBERT three pair of ordinary sheets. Item, i give unto him two of my silver spoons and my gold ring. Item, I do will and appoint unto the child now in the womb two hundred and fifty pounds of current English oney at the age of one and twenty years, two silver spoons and one bedsted with a feather bed and other things appertaining unto it ready furnished with a coul cupboard in the little chamber over the kitchin with three pewter dishes with one chest if it please God that my wife ELIZABETH do happen to marry after my decease then I appoint my FATHER COWPER my brother ROBERT AUSTIN and my cousin MR. WILLIAM NETHERSOLE that she shall give such security for the portion as at those my loving friends before mentioned shall make fitting if it please God that the child do die before it attain the age of one and twenty years then my meaning is that ROBERT my son shall be the heir to all that is above bequeathed unto it. As for all the rest of my goods undisposed I give unto ELIZABETH my very loving wife after my debts and legacies paid and my funeral expenses performed I make her full and wholly my Executrix of this my last Will in manner and form following, As touching the disposing of my land I give unto ROBER AUSTIN my eldest son my house and three score and ten acres of land more or less situate in and being in the parish of Adisham aforesaid commonly called by the name of Sole Street unto him and his heirs forever but not to be possessed by him til he come to the age of one and twenty years. Item, I give unto ELIZABETH my very loving wife out of my house and land in Adisham aforesaid the sum of twenty pounds a year during her natural life to be paid her at the two most usual feasts in the year by even and equal portions, that is to say at Michaelmas and at the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary or within ten days after. And if the said yearly rent of twenty pounds a year happen to be behind and unpaid it in part or in whole at the aforesaid time then it shall and may be alwful for ELIZABETH my wife to enter on upon the premises and to take a distress and the distresses so taken lead and drive away and impound. Item, I give unto ELIZABETH my wife the use of the parlour and one necessary lodging chamber and other necessary uses in the kitchen and room for storage in the yard all during her natural life and likewise to have liberty to go and have water at the well with out lett or molestation and in case that both my children should die before they attain to the full age of one and twenty years or without issue lawfully begotten of their bodies then my will and meaning is that ROBERT AUSTIN my loving brother shall if it please God to send him issue male of his body shall have all my house and threescore and ten acres of land in Adisham called by the name of Sole and Street. And I give unto RICHARD AUSTIN my brother in case ROBERT my brother die without issue male then RICHARD my brother shall have all my house and land in Adisham. And in case that RICHARD should die without issue male lawfully begotten of his body then I give my house and land before bequeathed unto my brother WILLIAM AUSTIN. And in case he should die without issue male lawfully begotten of his body then I give it unto MICHAEL AUSTIN my brother and unto the issue male of his body. And I do declare this to be my last Will and Testament and do renounce and cancel all former Wills by me made whatsoever. IN WITNESS to this my last Will and Testament I have set to my hand, seal expressed in two sheets of paper the day and year abforesaid 1652. Val. Auston IN THE PRESENCE of Robert Austin William Cooper his mark Richard Heelye his mark MEMORANDUM I have reviewed the original Will of Valentine Austen abovewritten the thirtieth day of August 1643 for the ..... of the Executrix words the second of which appears to be "recinded"] by me. Thos Marshall. THIS WILL was proved at Westminster the nineteenth day of August in the year of our Lord 1653 before the Judges for probate of Wills and granting Administrations according to an Act of Parliament entitled an Act for probate of Wills and granting Administrations by the oath of ELIZABETH AUSTEN the relict and Executrix named in the said Will to whom the Administration was comitted of all and singular the goods, chattles and debts of the said deceased she being first sworn by virtue of a special commission well and truly to administer the same. Examined by me Lawr. File	AUSTEN, Valentine (I11842)
1880	I have not found any children born to Edmund Ruck at Ospringe, Faversham, Preston next Faversham or Molash. So it is highly likely that he died d.s.p..	RUCK, Edmund (I5804)
1881	I have not, as yet, been able to locate a marriage for John Nutt and Sarah. In 1841 John and Sarah were living on Oyster Court, he working as a mariner. Charlotte, their daughter, was still living with them as was a grandson, John Nutt, who had been born during 1832. That grandson was a child of Benjamin. In 1851 John and Sarah were living on Abbey Street and he was still working, this time as a dredger. Sarah was shown as being a pensioner. Unfortunately, the birthplace column was filled with the remark that both were simply British subjects leaving still no possibility for finding their marriage easily. Both John and Sarah died before the 1861 census: John was buried on 31 December 1856 and Sarah on 1 July 1859.	NUTT, John (I2895)
1882	I hired a researcher at the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society and, despite seeing various listings on the internet as to who Christian Stoner's parents were, the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society was unable to come up with any proof as to who his parents were. They feel, with a great deal of certainty, that his grandfather was Henry Stover/Stauffer, who died in 1739 in Martic Twp., Lancaster Co., PA. Art Currie Christian Stoner was of German heritage and was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. He was a land owner and a farmer. He was a Mennonite and because of his faith and the early training that was opposed to wars and revolutions, he as well as other members of the same faith refused to take up arms when the rebellion broke out between the 13 colonies and the motherland. When the Americans gained their independence, Christian Stoner became a sufferer from persecution by the Americans, because of his early steadfastness to his principles. Feeling it would be safer to live under British rule, he came to Canada in the early part of the 1790's and located in Welland County, where he took up 400 acres of land. Returning to Pennsylvania, he persuaded a number of relatives and friends to follow him to Canada, where they could find freedom, make a home and keep the faith of their fathers. Christian Stoner returned to Canada with his wife and children and located in Humberstone Township on his 400 acres, where a colony from Bucks County was beginning to be established. The remainder of his life he spent on the farm, where both he and his wife later died. Mr. Stoner took no part in public affairs, but was a firm adherent of the Mennonite Church. They had 12 children. Family Members Spouse Photo Elizabeth Neff Stoner 1760–1849 (m. 1777) Children Anna Stoner Sherk 1778–1851 Photo John Stoner 1780–1861 David Stoner 1782–1782 Photo Elizabeth Stoner Augustine 1784–1853 Mary Stoner Augustine 1786–1862 Esther Stoner Stoner 1788–1881 Photo Christian Stoner 1790–1881 Photo Susannah Stoner Neff 1792–1889 Jacob Stoner 1794–1794 Photo Leah Stoner Morningstar 1794–1857 Photo Abraham Stoner 1796–1868 Frances Stoner Ott 1800–1891	STONER, Christian (I7511)
1883	I just (5/20/19) found his headstone on Ancestry. Name: George Ernest Bray Birth Date: 19 Oct 1908 Death Date: 14 Jun 1979 Cemetery: Pine Hills Cemetery Burial or Cremation Place: Scarborough, Toronto Municipality, Ontario , Canada Has Bio?: N URL: https://www.findagrave.com/mem. Created by: Islington Transcribed by: Bruce Speck Added: 20 Apr 2015 Find A Grave Memorial 145330792 .. I had been told he had died in Sep of 1950! Something is being covered up, here.	BRAY, George Ernest (I78)
1884	I remember Jack Hills from the reception following Steven's funeral. Jack bears a striking resemblance to Ken Hardman, who had been his maternal uncle. Jack also said that he drove transport and was quite often dropping shipments off at GM Plant 1 and that he new our house - he complained about the trees along the boulevard. I told him that if he ever got stuck in nasty weather, or just in general, he should drop by the house.	HILLS, Jack (I6876)
1885	I thought you might be interested in what has turned up about John Billy Merriken Epps, son of Sarah Nutt Epps (daughter of Catherine Nutt). It appears that John (who was the last Tzar's children's tutor) was the illegitimate son of Sarah, born when she was aged 28 and living in London. The father was a chemist - John Billy Merriken and it appears they didn't marry. A couple of years later Sarah married a Mr Macers (I can't find much about him) and they had a son George Macers - half brother to JBM Epps, who always kept the Epps name. It appears Mr Macers then died soon after the birth of his son. Sarah then continued to live with her parents (George & Catharine) and her 2 sons - but I can't locate either a marriage or death for her. All I can otherwise find out about Macers is that a MSW Macers, grand niece, certified JBM's death on his death certificate - indicating that his half brother George must have had a son, who had a daughter (MSW).JBM went to Russia aged 31 in 1880 and did have an English wife (who died in 1896) but I can't find any record of their marriage and don't even know her name.All this has come to light because a parcel of JBM's papers (items he acquired while tutoring the grandduchesses - drawings, notes etc) were apparently left to my great grandfather William (who came to NZ/Australia) when JBM died in 1935. William promptly sent them to London for valuation then lost track of them and they of him. An article in an English newspaper in 2003 described how they had just been rediscovered "in the bottom of a tin drawer" at the antiguarian bookshop in London - and to make a very long story short, I had them handed over to me about 7 months ago.So that is why I felt I needed to know just where JBM fitted into the family, which up until then was a bit of a mystery, because, of course we never expected him to have his mothers name but assumed he was the son of one of Catharine and George's sons. Of those 3 sons William was my forebear, I have tracked down George (married Emma and had a son George) and John - who I had assumed was JBM's father, I now think probably never made it to adulthood. It has all been quite an intriguing outcome of a few people's collective research!	EPPS OR MERRIKAN, John Bilby (I7771)
1886	I was initially told that Alice died in Sep 1950. However, a letter from Edith Owlett states that she died 7 Jun 1966. US Border Crossing Card - Canada to U.S. M1480 New York 1902-1954, 001-055, 014 Date 9 - 10 -1929 Serial #448 Bray Alice Anna husband George E. age 17 female, married, occupation none, Place of birth Toronto, Canada Nationality Canada, Race English; Read write - yes; language English; Money shown; husband last permanent residence #8 Archer Street, Country Canada, Town Toronto, Ontario; Destination: Town Buffalo, State New York Passage paid by Husabnd; even in U.S. No; Going to join relative or friend - no address Purpose in coming and time remaining in U.S. - make home perm. Head tax status: MC 1125; height 5 ft 2 in; complexion medium; hair, dark brown; eyes blue Name and address of nearest relative or friend in country whence alien came: Name: Father: Luke Owlett, 251 Silverthorne Ave., Toronto, Ontario CIV No. 942, Place of Issue Toronto, Ontario Section and subdivision of Act of 1924 under which issued: 9.7.29 4/c Present disposition P.I. Admi. P.I.	OWLETT, Alice Annie (I74)
1887	I'm also EDS CCI,AAI and Chiari patient. Sadly, here is yet another lady desperately needing the surgery I was lucky enough to have in the US. Her name is Alison Turner. September 2, 2016 · YouCaring · Team Jess up-date from Richard Kill I am pleased to let you all know that Jess is recovering well from her two recent surgeries and we hope to get her back home next week. She has had a very tough time off it over the last week or so because a certain medication she was taking caused her to have severe nausea which it turn drastically reduced the effect of the pain relief. The good news is that she seems to be over that now and her surgeon is very happy with the way she is healing and is happy for her to fly home earlier than planned. Jessica will now have many weeks of rest together with specialist physiotherapy before she is finally able to completely get back to where she wants to be. The main thing is she does now have future to look forward to and that is down to all you wonderfully kind people out there. I know she will want to up-date you personally once she is back home, in the mean time thank you all once again for your support. August 17, 2016 · I'm not gonna lie, That was the hardest night of pain i have ever endured, but the kind nurses got me through and gave me some much needed support throughout the night. Onwards and upwards now. And yep, that's 'mild' Ehlers danlos syndrome bruising on my arm lol. Hopefully be out of hospital on Friday latest ready to recouperate at our friends Fiona Monaghan and Barry monaghan in Queen's. Missing everyone lots xxxx August 15, 2016 · Just had confirmation that my last surgery will be at 7.45am local time (12.45pm) tmrw..... though my neck is very stiff and my head feels heavy, I passed a swallowing test yesterday, been walking with a cane and tackling stairs. The pain behind my eyes has gone, my face isn't dropping anymore, speech is clearer, Tinitus and visual disterbance gone. Better balance.....wow. just need to get this final op done and then rest. I am cream crackered right now xxxx August 11, 2016 · This is Richard Kill on Jess's F.B. Am very pleased to say that Jess is out of surgery after spending around 10 hours in the operating room. She is awake and talking but in a lot of pain which is not surprising given what she has gone through. The medics had to give her anti vomiting drugs before giving her pain relief which is now happening. It has been a long long stressful day, it is now 1.30 am and a I need to go to bed. August 8, 2016 · YouCaring · Hi Everyone. I am so sorry about the delayed update. It's been a frantic few days since reaching the fundraising total and then travelling to the US. I arrived on Saturday feeling very tired and emotional but relieved. Tomorrow I am going to the hospital for all my pre op testing ready for my first surgery on Wednesday. I'm so grateful to each and everyone of you for giving me the opportunity to fight for an independent future with a quality of life I haven't had for so long. It's going to be a tuff recovery, but each step will get me closer to phase 3, which I call "getting back to life". Many thousand thank you's you wonderful humans. I'll keep you posted on my progress. All my love Jessica xxxxx August 3, 2016 · I am so happy to tell you all that we have reached our target of £180,000.00! I can't thank everyone enough for all of their hard work and generosity over the past 15 weeks. You have been incredible. My flight is booked and this time next week I will be in surgery. All of this is thanks to my wonderful friends, family and over 4500 kind strangers. Human kindness is alive and well in this world. Now I'm heading into phase 2 which I call "get fixed" and then phase 3 "get back to life". All of this is thanks to you guys. Thank You all so much xxxxxxx	KILL, Jessica (I18636)
1888	I've now checked Seasalter baptisms and marriages for 1649-1670 = 0 results Swalecliffe checked baptisms and marriages 1649-1685 = 0 results Hernhill checked 1649- 1653 baptism and marriages - mine doesn't go any further = 0 results Hoath checked 1649-1670 baptisms and marriages = 0 results Whitstable checked 1649-1680 baptisms and marriages = 0 results but marriages missing 1655-1661 my Reculver seriously lacking Herne checked 1649-1680 baptisms and marriages = Herne Preston Robert c 9 Aug 1663 Robert/Mary Herne PR Preston Henrie c 24 Mar 1667 Robert/Mary Consider this baptism of a John at Faversham 1651. Could this be the same as John baptised at Reculver in Feb 1651? PRESTON John C 24 Jan 1651 Robert/Martha Faversham PR Looks like family moved after Robert remarried Martha to Graveney: PRESTON Martha DBL 07 Apr 1662 wife of Robert Graveney BT PRESTON Sarah DBL 23 May 1662 do Robert Graveney BT John baptised at Faversham in 1651 has not been buried at Faversham, Ospringe or Graveney. After Martha dies, Robert Preston again remarries this time by licence Third Series, 1661-1676, Col. 376 Preston, Robert, of Graveney, yeoman, widower and Elizabeth Davies of Faversham, widow of Thomas Davies, late of the same place. At Faversham or Preston near Faversham. John Binge of Holy Cross, Canterbury, yeoman, bondsman. Feb. 24, 1662/3. Fourth Series, 1677-1700 Prestone, Robert of Whitstable, carpenter, bachelor, 25 and Thomasine Posier of the same place, spinster, 19, whose mother consents. At same. John Fowtrell, of the same place, yeoman, bondsman. May 16, 1691. Second Series, 1618-1661, col. 800 Presten, John, of Faversham, maltster, widower, about 36, and Jane Lawrence, of the same place, maiden, about 22, daughter of John Lawrence, Jurat, who consents, as is testified by Mr. Charles Annoot of St. George's Canterbury, gent. At Faversham, Oct 9, 1622. Presten, John, of Faversham, maltster, widower and Sarah Knowler, of the same place, virgin, about 33. At same. Thomas Knowler of Faversham, yeoman, bondsman. Sept. 24 1632. First name(s) Robert Last name Preston Residence Nackington Marriage year 1625 Marriage date 11 Jul 1625 Marriage place Nackington Spouse's first name(s) Agnes Spouse's last name Pearce Spouse's residence Nackington County Kent Country England This wife, below dies in the same year SURNAME GIVEN NAME EVT DATE YEAR PARENTS/SPOUSE PLACE SOURCE PRESTEN Ann DBL 10 Sep 1649 wife of Robert Faversham PR First name(s) Robert Last name Preston Residence Ospringe Marriage year 1649 Marriage date 02 Jan 1649 Marriage place Ospringe Spouse's first name(s) Ann Spouse's last name Clinch Spouse's residence Ospringe County Kent Country England	PRESTON, Robert (I17088)
1889	Illegitimate daughter, unfortunately the name of the child is badly faded and the date is obscured. Mother described only as residing at Lifton Village. Possibly married William Cory: Marriages Sep 1861 (>99%) CORY William Tavistock 5b 656 SMITH Mary Ann Tavistock 5b 656 CORY, ELI Mother's Maiden Surname: SMITH GRO Reference: 1866 J Quarter in TAVISTOCK Volume 05B Page 375 possibly died: 17 OCTOBER 1936 • Plymouth, Devon, England Emily Cory bn 1880 died 1881 Possibly died: 20 JUL 1889 • Cornwall, Devon, United Kingdom William Cory BIRTH 21 SEPTEMBER 1836 • Lifton, Devon, England DEATH 06 APRIL 1886 • Cornwall, Devon, United Kingdom -------------------------------------------------- 1871 Lifton, Devon, England, RG 10/2149, ED 6, fol 49, p. 9 Household Sch. #42: William Cory, head, mar, 34, railway labourer, born Lifton, Devon Mary Ann Cory, wife, mar, 34, born Lifton, Devon Elizabeth A Cory, daughter, 7, born Lifton, Devon Eli Cory, son, 5, born Lifton, Devon 1881 Lifton, Devon, England, RG 11/2221, ED 6, fol. 45, p. 6 Household Sch. #34, Fore Street: William Cory, head, mar, 44, higgler, born Lifton, Devon Mary A. Cory, wife, mar, 44, born Lifton, Devon Elizabeth A. Cory, daughter, unmar, 17, mangle worker, born Lifon, Devon Eli Cory, son, unmar 15, nailer, born Lifton, Devon Emily Cory, daughter, 9 months, born Lifton, Devon Jane Davies Strike, foster child, 5, scholar, both Bath, Somerset Grace Strike, Gdr [sic: grandmother] of Jane, mar, 69, nurse, born Cargreen, Cornwall Eli Cory married: Spouse & Children Ann Tucker 1864–1940 Elizabeth Jane Cory 1888– William Tucker Cory 1889–1916 John Tucker Cory 1897–1981 Eli Edward Cory 1899–1980 Sydney Ernest Corry 1903–1953 Laura Grace Cory 1906–1992	SMITH, Mary Ann (I17216)
1890	Illegitimate son. William the Conqueror is the 22nd great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II and Queen Emma was his great-aunt. Queen Emma Born in the 980s, the daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy Married two kings - Æthelred the Unready (reigned 1002-1016) and Cnut the Great (reigned 1017-1035) Had children including two kings - King Harthacnut (reigned 1040-1042) and Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042-1066) A key political figure in her own right, she gave the dukes of Normandy a hereditary claim to the English throne, leading to the Norman Conquest in 1066 Described in a Latin inscription on a mortuary chest as the "mother and wife of the kings of the English"	William 'the Conqueror' King of England (I1996)
1891	Illegitimate son.	DE CAEN, Robert Earl of Gloucester (I1852)
1892	Immigration to Canada 1903. 1916 Census is the source.	MCCULLOUGH, Walter (I20418)
1893	In 1119, Geoffrey de Gorram, a kinsman of Robert de Lucy (the brother of Richard de Lucy), was appointed the Abbott of St.Albans. Richard de Lucy's brother Walter lived for some time with Geoffrey prior to becoming Abbott of Battle Abbey after 1139. Geoffrey's cousin Robert Bloet (Bishop of Lincoln), was also a relative of Richard Bloet (also known as Richard d'Auberney), the previous Abbott of St. Albans. William de Chesney (Sheriff of Oxfordshire), the brother of Robert de Chesney (a later Bishop of Lincoln), married Richard de Lucy's sister, Margaret de Lucy (c1140). Gorram (now Gorron) is only twelve miles from the town of Mayenne and was one of the Norman frontier castles. Originally it was held by Geoffrey de Mayenne, but due to its strategic position, it was probably taken by William the Conqueror c1050 and handed to his brother Count Robert of Mortain. By 1106 it was once again held by the Lord of Mayenne, only to be repossessed by Henry I. At his death it was handed to Juhel I de Mayenne by Henry's daughter Matilda and Geoffrey de Anjou. [Source: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/rickmansworthherts/webpage62.htm]	DE MAYENNE, Geoffroy II , Seigneur De Chartre-Sur-Loir (I14086)
1894	In 1338, Hugh le Despencer,_2nd_Baron_le_Despencer, son of Hugh the younger, was summoned to Parliament, the third creation of the title. He died without issue in 1349, and the title became extinct.	LE DE SPENCER, Hugh 4th Lord DeSpencer (I1930)
1895	In 1576 John was described as being a yeoman of Sheldwich aged 63 years.	RUCK, John (I3626)
1896	In 1754 he was recorded as a Blacksmith	GOLDUP, Stephen (I10860)
1897	In 1795 John Ruck, father of this John Ruck, apprenticed his son to James Mann a citizen and cooper of London for a period of seven years. Marriage entry reads "John Rucke, bachelor of Throwley & Alles Miller, widow of this parish [Charing]". Retired wine merchant in 1851. On burial recorded as 79 years of age. This would produce a birth year of circa 1767.	RUCK, John (I5428)
1898	In 1867 family lived on Rosemary Lane, Coleraine, father a labourer. Name ROBERT MCALONEY Date of Death 1874 Group Registration ID N/R SR District/Reg Area Coleraine Deceased Age at Death 6 Returns Year 1874 Returns Quarter 3 Returns Volume No 11 Returns Page No 337	MCALONEY, Robert John ^ (I4516)
1899	In 1881 Ellen and her husband lived in Lewisham.	KENNETT, Ellen Edith (I4746)
1900	In 1881 Mabel and her father were living with John Kennett in Deal. In 1891 she was living with Harry William Kennett at 25 Station Road, Redhill, Surrey. She had become Mrs. Collier by 1918 and at that time was living at Westminster Terrace, Dover. In 1927 she was living at 61 Redcross St., Rochdale. She was mentioned in Harriet, Esther and Caroline's Wills.	HARDING, Mabel Anne (I2758)

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