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Robert was born on 2 April 1851 and baptised on 14 May 1851. Adrienne Roshier has not been able to trace Robert on the 1861 Deal census but she has determined that he did not die in Deal in the period between 1851 and 1861. | KENNETT, Robert (I4736)
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Robert Willoughby, 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 10th Baron Latimer, KB (1472 – 10 November 1521) was an English nobleman and soldier.
Robert Willoughby was born about 1470–2 (aged 30 in 1502, 36 in 1506), the son of Sir Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke (c. 1452-1502) and Blanche Champernowne. He married firstly before 28 Feb. 1494/5 Elizabeth Beauchamp, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, 2nd Baron Beauchamp of Powick, and secondly c. 1509 Lady Dorothy Grey, daughter of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset and Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington. By his first wife he had two sons, Edward, Esq. (died 1517) and Anthony, Knt., and by the second wife 6 children, including sons Henry and William, and daughters Elizabeth, who married John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester, and Anne, who married Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy.
He was knighted before 1504. He served in the army in France in 1513, and was apparently to be present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in June 1520.
He inherited the title 2nd Baron Willoughby de Broke and 10th Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1502. On his death on 10 November 1521 at Bere Ferrers in Devon the title went into abeyance. His widow, Dorothy, married (2nd) before 29 July 1523 as his fourth wife, William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy.[2][3]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Rogers, 1890, p.32
Jump up ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 336-7.
Jump up ^ Carley 204.
References[edit]
Carley, James P. (2004). "Blount, William, fourth Baron Mountjoy (c.1478–1534)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2702. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. pp. 336–7. ISBN 1449966373.
Rogers, W.H. Hamilton, The Ancient Sepulchral Effigies and Monumental and Memorial Sculpture of Devon, Exeter, 1877, pp. 346–7 & Appendix 3, pedigree of Willoughby de Broke.
Rogers, W.H. Hamilton, The Strife of the Roses and Days of the Tudors in the West, Exeter, 1890, pp. 1–36, Willoughby de Broke
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [self-published source][better source needed]
Thepeerage
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He succeeded as the 2nd Lord Willoughby de Broke in 1502.
On his death, the barony fell into abeyance, and so remained until claimed in 1694.
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Elizabeth Beauchamp, first daughter and co-heiress, was married, with maritagium of the Manor of Alcester, county Warwick, BEF 28 Feb 1494/5 to Robert Willoughby, Knight, K.B., 2nd Lord Willoughby de Broke, of Brook in Westbury, county Wilts, son of Robert Willoughby, Knight, 1st Lord Willoughby de Broke (of Magna Carta Surety descent and descendant of Charlemagne), by Blanche, daughter and co-heiress of John Champernoun, Esquire, of Beer Ferrers, Devon (of Magna Carta Surety descent and descendant of Charlemagne). He was born in 1472 (aged thirty and more at father's death), and was knighted before 2 Jul 1504.
Elizabeth died on 10 Aug 1503. He was summoned to Parliament from 28 Nov 1511 by writs directed Roberto Willoughby de Brooke, but sat in Parliament as Lord Broke, presumably to avoid confusion with his cousin, Lord Willoughby. He was married for the second time to Dorothy Grey, dau. of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquis of Dorset (descendant of Edward I), by his second wife, Cecily suo jure Lady Harington and Bonville, dau. of William Bonville (descendant of Edward I).
He served in the army in France in 1513, and was apparently to be present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in Jun 1520. After the death of his son Edward in 1517, he settled the bulk of his family estates (including the Manor of Brook) in Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon, etc., on his daughters of his second marriage. Will dated 1 Oct 1521. Sir Robert Willoughby, Lord Broke, died, testate of the pestilence, at Beer Ferrers on 10 Nov 1523 s.p.m.s., and was buried at Beer Ferrers. His widow was married for the second time, before 29 Jul 1523, as his fourth wife, to William Blount, 4th Lord Mountjoy. "Lady Dorothy Mountjoy, formerly lady Willoughby de Broke" died testate. Faris (1999, p. 40): (P.C.C., 20 Tashe) between 30 Aug and 17 Nov 1553. CF. 2:47 (1912). CF 12(2):686-688, chart between 671-672 (1959). VCH Glouc. 8:190,212 (1968). Paget (1977), p. 265.
[Source: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Bios/RobertWilloughby(2BBroke).htm Retrieved 23 Jul 2017.] | WILLOUGHBY, Robert 2nd Lord Willoughby de Broke (I14880)
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Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Robert of Caen
Earl of Gloucester
Robert Consul.jpg
Effigy of Robert Consul, St James' Priory, Bristol. 1840 drawing
Born c. 1090
Died 31 October 1147
Spouse(s) Mabel FitzHamon
Issue
Legitimate:
William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester
Roger of Worcester
Hamon of Gloucester
Mabel FitzRobert m. Aubrey de Vere
Maud of Gloucester, Countess of Chester
Philip of Gloucester
Richard FitzRobert Sire de Creully
Illegitimate:
Richard FitzRobert, Bishop of Bayeux d. 3 April 1142
Mabel FitzRobert m. Gruffudd ap Ifor Bach
Robert FitzRobert d. 1170 m. Hawise de Reviers.
Father of Thomas
Father Henry I of England
Robartus Consull et Mabilia uxor eius ("Robert Consul and Mabel his wife"). They are shown holding churches or abbeys which they founded or were benefactors of, including Tewkesbury Abbey. The attributed arms shown quartered on his tabard and below are: Left: Gules, three clarions or (de Clare, Earl of Gloucester); Centre: Gules, three clarions or (de Clare, Earl of Gloucester) impaling Azure, a lion rampant guardant or (FitzHamon); Right: Azure, a lion rampant or. Tewkesbury Abbey Founders Book (c.1500–1525), Bodleian Library, Oxford
Robert FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (c. 1090 – 31 October 1147[1]) (alias Robert Rufus, Robert de Caen, Robert Consul[2][3]) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Family
3 Relationship with King Stephen
4 In popular culture
5 See also
6 Citations
7 Sources
Early life
Robert was probably the eldest of Henry's many illegitimate children.[1] He was born before his father's accession to the English throne, either during the reign of his grandfather William the Conqueror or his uncle William Rufus.[4] He is sometimes and erroneously designated as a son of Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth, although his mother has been identified as a member of "the Gay or Gayt family of north Oxfordshire",[5] possibly a daughter of Rainald Gay (fl. 1086) of Hampton Gay and Northbrook Gay in Oxfordshire. Rainald had known issue Robert Gay of Hampton (died c. 1138) and Stephen Gay of Northbrook (died after 1154). A number of Oxfordshire women feature as the mothers of Robert's siblings.[5][6]
Robert may have been a native of Caen[1] or he may have been only Constable and Governor of that city, jure uxoris.[2]
Robert's father had contracted him in marriage to Mabel FitzHamon, daughter and heir of Robert Fitzhamon, but the marriage was not solemnized until June 1119 at Lisieux.[1][7] His wife brought him the substantial honours of Gloucester in England and Glamorgan in Wales, and the honours of Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe and Évrecy in Normandy, as well as Creully. After the White Ship disaster late in 1120, and probably because of this marriage,[8] in 1121 or 1122 his father created him Earl of Gloucester.[9]
Family
Robert and his wife Mabel FitzHamon married in 1114, and they had seven children:
William FitzRobert (1116 – 1183): succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Gloucester
Roger FitzRobert (c. 1118 – 1179): Bishop of Worcester
Hamon FitzRobert, knight (c. 1122 – 1159): killed at the siege of Toulouse.
Richard FitzRobert, Lord of Creully (c. 1125 – 1175): succeeded his mother as Sire de Creully.
Matilda FitzRobert (c. 1126 – 1189): married in 1143 Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester.
Mabel FitzRobert: married Aubrey de Vere
Philip FitzRobert, Lord of Cricklade (c. 1130 – 1148)
He also had four illegitimate children:
Richard FitzRobert (died 1142): Bishop of Bayeux [mother: Isabel de Douvres, sister of Richard de Douvres, bishop of Bayeux (1107–1133)]
Robert FitzRobert (died 1170): Castellan of Gloucester, married in 1147 Hawise de Reviers (daughter of Baldwin de Reviers, 1st Earl of Devon and his first wife Adelisa), had daughter Mabel FitzRobert (married firstly Jordan de Chambernon and secondly William de Soliers)
Mabel FitzRobert: married Gruffud, Lord of Senghenydd, son of Ifor Bach.
Thomas FitzRobert
Relationship with King Stephen
There is evidence in the contemporary source, the Gesta Stephani, that Robert was proposed by some as a candidate for the throne, but his illegitimacy ruled him out:
Among others came Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of King Henry, but a bastard, a man of proved talent and admirable wisdom. When he was advised, as the story went, to claim the throne on his father's death, deterred by sounder advice he by no means assented, saying it was fairer to yield it to his sister's son (the future Henry II of England), than presumptuously to arrogate it to himself.
This suggestion cannot have led to any idea that he and Stephen were rivals for the Crown, as Geoffrey of Monmouth in 1136 referred to Robert as one of the 'pillars' of the new King's rule.
The capture of King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141 gave the Empress Matilda the upper hand in her battle for the throne, but by alienating the citizens of London she failed to be crowned Queen. Her forces were defeated at the Rout of Winchester on 14 September 1141, and Robert of Gloucester was captured nearby at Stockbridge.
The two prisoners, King Stephen and Robert of Gloucester, were then exchanged, but by freeing Stephen, the Empress Matilda had given up her best chance of becoming queen. She later returned to France, where she died in 1167, though her son succeeded Stephen as King Henry II in 1154.
Robert of Gloucester died in 1147 at Bristol Castle, where he had previously imprisoned King Stephen, and was buried at St James' Priory, Bristol, which he had founded.
In popular culture
Robert of Gloucester is a figure in many of the novels by Ellis Peters in the Cadfael Chronicles (written between 1977 and 1994) where he is seen as a strong moderating force to his half-sister (see Saint Peter's Fair). His efforts to gain the crown for his sister by capturing King Stephen and her own actions in London are part of the plot in The Pilgrim of Hate. His capture by Stephen's wife Queen Mathilda is in the background of the plot of An Excellent Mystery. The exchange of the imprisoned Robert for the imprisoned Stephen is in the background of the plot of The Raven in the Foregate. Robert's travels to persuade his brother-in-law to aid Empress Maud militarily in England is in the background of the novel The Rose Rent. His return to England when Empress Maud is trapped in Oxford Castle figures in The Hermit of Eyton Forest. Robert's return to England with his young nephew Henry, years later the king succeeding Stephen, is in the background of the plot of The Confession of Brother Haluin, as the battles begin anew with Robert's military guidance. Robert's success in the Battle of Wilton (1143) leads to the death of a fictional character, part of the plot of The Potter's Field. In the last novel, he is a father who can disagree with then forgive his son Philip (see the last novel, Brother Cadfael's Penance). In that last novel, Brother Cadfael speculates on the possibly different path for England if the first son of old King Henry, the illegitimate Robert of Gloucester, had been recognised and accepted. In Wales of that era, a son was not illegitimate if recognized by his father, and to many in the novels, Robert of Gloucester seemed the best of the contenders to succeed his father.
Robert is also a central character in Sharon Penman's 1995 novel When Christ and His Saints Slept. He was also central in the struggle during The Anarchy as portrayed in Ken Follet's 1989 novel The Pillars of the Earth and in the 2010 mini-series of the same name.
See also
Kenfig Castle – an important 12th century motte and bailey for controlling the Norman lands in South Wales
Citations
David Crouch, ‘Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. c. 1090, d. 1147)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 1 Oct 2010
"Complete Peerage" Vol IV(1892), p38, "Gloucester", "Robert filius Regis" quoting Round "Consul is often used for Earl in the time of the first age of the Norman Kings"
The Complete Peerage claims only that he is "described" as consul, as are most Earls of his time.
William (of Malmesbury) 1904, p. 1.
David Crouch, Historical Research, 1999
C. Given-Wilson & A. Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (London, 1984) (ISBN 0-415-02826-4), page 74
"Complete Peerage", "Gloucester"
"In the aftermath of the White Ship disaster of 1120, when his younger and legitimate half-brother, William, died, Robert shared in the largesse that the king distributed to reassert his political position. Robert was given the marriage of Mabel, the heir of Robert fitz Haimon, whose lands in the west country and Glamorgan had been in royal wardship since 1107. The marriage also brought Robert the Norman honours of Evrecy and St Scholasse-sur-Sarthe. Robert was raised to the rank of earl of Gloucester soon after, probably by the end of 1121." David Crouch, ‘Robert, first earl of Gloucester (b. before 1100, d. 1147)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 1 Oct 2010
CP citing Round for between May 1121 and the end of 1122, but see William of Malmesbury, ed Giles who cites 1119 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Sources
J. Bradbury, Stephen and Matilda: The Civil War of 1139–53 (Stroud, 1996)
D. Crouch, "Robert of Gloucester's Mother and Sexual Politics in Norman Oxfordshire", Historical Research, 72 (1999) 323–332.
D. Crouch, "Robert, earl of Gloucester and the daughter of Zelophehad," Journal of Medieval History, 11 (1985), 227–43.
D. Crouch, The Reign of King Stephen, 1135–1154 (London, 2000).
C. Given-Wilson & A. Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England (London, 1984)
The Personnel of the Norman Cathedrals during the Ducal Period, 911–1204, ed. David S. Spear (London, 2006)
Earldom of Gloucester Charters, ed. R.B. Patterson (Oxford, 1973)
R.B. Patterson, "William of Malmesbury's Robert of Gloucester: a re-evaluation of the Historia Novella," American Historical Review, 70 (1965), 983–97.
William (of Malmesbury) (1904). Sharpe, John; Giles, John Allen (eds.). William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the Kings of England: From the Earliest Period to the Reign of King Stephen. George Bell and Sons.
K. Thompson, "Affairs of State: the illegitimate children of Henry I," Journal of Medieval History, 29 (2003), 129–151.
W.M.M. Picken, "The Descent of the Devon Family of Willington from Robert Earl of Gloucester" in A Medieval Cornish Miscellany, Ed. O.J. Padel. (Phillimore, 2000)
Preceded by
New Creation Earl of Gloucester
1121/2–1147 Succeeded by
William Fitz Robert | FITZROY, Robert of Gloucester (I17509)
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Roger married Mabille DE BELLEME [646], daughter of Guillaume II DE BELLEME, Seigneur D'alençon [647] and Hideburge DE BEAUMONT [652], in 1050-1054 in , Normandie, France.1 (Mabille DE BELLEME [646] was born about 1025 in , Normandie, France,1 2 died on 2 Dec 1079 in Bures-Sur-Dives, Normandie, France 1 and was buried in Troarn, Normandie, France 1.)
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Research Article
The First House Of Bellême1
Geoffrey H. White
Roger de montgomery, 1st earl of Shrewsbury, married Mabel de Bellême, the heiress of a great house which held the castles of Bellême and Alencon, Domfront and Sées, with widespread lands along the southern marches of Normandy, not only in that duchy but in the kingdom of France and the county of Maine. The importance of the family is attested by its inclusion in L'Art de Vérifier les Dates; but the standard account in that great work was superseded in 1920 by the detailed history of the lords of Bellême published by the Vicomte du Motey. Unfortunately the author's enthusiasm for his heroes overran his discretion; and as Orderic, our leading authority, paints most of them in the blackest colours, du Motey made a bitter attack on his accuracy and even on his veracity. Moreover, he made no attempt to grapple with the chronological difficulties inherent in the received descent, nor did he show any critical idea of the comparative value of his authorities; whilst his own lively imagination added picturesque details to what might otherwise have been a “bald and unconvincing narrative”.
(Revised January 12 1939)
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (Fourth Series)
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (Fourth Series) / Volume 22 / Issue 01 / December 1940, pp 67-99Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1940 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3678582 (About DOI), Published online: 12 February 2009
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her uncle Yves, Bishop of Séez and Lord of Bellême.[3] When their father was exiled by her brother Arnulf in 1048 she accompanied him until both were taken in by the Montgomery family. Between 1050-1054 she married Roger II de Montgomery, later 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.[4] Roger II de Montgomery was already a favorite of Duke William and by being given the marriage to Mabel it increased his fortunes even further.[5]
Her husband Roger had not participated in the Norman conquest of England but had remained behind in Normandy as co-regent along with William's wife, Matilda of Flanders.[6] He had also contributed 60 ships to Duke William's invasion force.[7] He joined the king in England in 1067 and was rewarded with the earldom of Shropshire and a number of estates to the point that he was one of the largest landholders in the Domesday Book.[1]
She and her husband Roger transferred the church of Saint-Martin of Séez to Evroul and petitioned her uncle, Yves, Bishop of Séez to build a monastery there on lands from her estates. The consecration was in 1061 at which time Mabel made additional gifts.[8]
Her character[edit]
Of all of Orderic’s female subjects Mabel was the most cunning and treacherous; if not entirely for her own misdeeds then as the mother of Robert de Bellême, who had a reputation for savagery as well as cruelty.[9] In one passage Orderic describes her as "small, very talkative, ready enough to do evil, shrewd and jocular, extremely cruel and daring."[2]
In perpetuating her family’s feud with the Giroie family she set her sights on Arnold de Echauffour, the son of William fitz Giroie who her father had mutilated at his wedding celebration.[a] She obtained part of his estates when she and her husband Roger convinced Duke William to confiscate his lands. In 1063 however, Arnold was promised forgiveness by the Duke and was to have his lands restored. To prevent this Mabel plotted to kill Arnold.[10] She attempted to murder Arnold of Echauffour by poisoning a glass of wine but he declined to drink. Her husband's brother, refreshing himself after a long ride, drank the wine and died shortly thereafter. In the end though she bribed Arnold's chamberlain providing him with the necessary poison, this time being successful.[b][11]
Excepting Theodoric, abbot of the abbey of Saint-Evroul, who she listened to at times, Mabel was hostile to most members of the clergy; but her husband loved the monks at Saint-Evroul so she found it necessary to be more subtle.[2] In an incident in 1064,[12] she deliberately burdened their limited resources by visiting the abbey for extended stays with a large retinue of her soldiers.[c] When rebuked by Theodoric the abbot for her callousness she snapped back that the next time she would visit with an even larger group. The abbot predicted that if she did not repent of her evilness she would suffer great pains and that very evening she did. She left the abbey in great haste as well as in great pain and did not abuse their hospitality again.[13]
Mabel continued her wickedness causing many nobles to lose their lands and become destitute.[3] In 1077 she took the hereditary lands of Hugh Bunel by force.[14] Two years later while coming out of her bath, she was killed by some men who had crept into the castle.[15] Hugh had enlisted the help of his three brothers, gained entry to the castle of Bures on the Dives and struck off her head with his sword. The murderers were pursued but escaped by destroying a bridge behind them.[3] Mabel's murder occurred on 2 December 1079 and she was buried three days later at Troarn.[16]
Epitaph[edit]
Her epitaph is notable as an example of monks bowing more to “the partiality of her friends than to her own merits":
Sprung from the noble and the brave,
Here Mabel finds a narrow grave.
But, above all woman’s glory,
Fills a page in famous story.
Commanding, eloquent, and wise,
And prompt to daring enterprise;
Though slight her form, her soul was great,
And, proudly swelling in her state,
Rich dress, and pomp, and retinue,
Lent it their grace and houours due.
The border’s guard, the country’s shield,
Both love and fear her might revealed,
Till Hugh, revengeful, gained her bower,
In dark December’s midnight hour.
Then saw the Dive’s o’erflowing stream
The ruthless murderer’s poignard gleam.
Now friends, some moments kindly spare,
For her soul’s rest to breathe a prayer![17]
Family[edit]
Mabel and her husband, Roger de Montgomery had ten children:
Roger of Montgomery, oldest son, died young.[18]
Robert de Bellême, Count of Alençcon in 1082, he succeeded his younger brother Hugh as 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury. He married Agnes, Countess of Ponthieu and died in 1131.[19]
Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, died without issue 1098.[20]
Roger the Poitevin, Vicomte d'Hiemois, married Adelmode de la Marche.[21]
Philip of Montgomery.[22]
Arnulf of Montgomery,[22] married Lafracota daughter of Muirchertach Ua Briain.[23]
Sibyl of Montgomory, she married Robert Fitzhamon, Lord of Creully.[24]
Emma, abbess of Almenchêches.[25]
Matilda (Maud) of Montgomery, she married Robert, Count of Mortain and died c. 1085.[26]
Mabel of Montgomery, she married Hugh de Châteauneuf.[22]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ For more on the feud between the Bellêmes and the Giroies see the article William I Talvas
Jump up ^ This and other stories regarding Mabel de Bellême as painted by Orderic Vitalis might seem somewhat difficult to accept on fact value and it may be tempting to simply dismiss them. But Orderic was a monk at Evroul where the Giroie family played an important part and one of Orderic's fellow monks was Rainald, son of the murdered Arnold de Echauffour. Orderic was raised in the Montgomery household and may even have met Mabel when he was a child. His father, Odelerie of Orleans, served Roger II de Montgomery, Mabel’s husband. So Orderic had important firsthand knowledge of these individuals and his own character is that of an honest monk not known to be malicious or spiteful. See: Douglas, William the Conqueror (1964), p. 414; White, 'The First House of Bellême', TRHS, 22, p. 70. Also, due to the fact that Mabel de Bellême and especially her husband Roger were closely associated with Duke William, both William of Jumièges and William of Poitiers, while certainly aware of their activities, needed to be very careful with what they recorded. Orderic, writing later after the main figures were all dead had no need of such tact and could write what he knew about them. See: François Neveux, The Normans (2006), p. 113.
Jump up ^ When Mabel was murdered, Orderic was only about two years old. However, her reputation for hating and oppressing monks was well remembered at the Abbey of Saint-Evroul and elsewhere. In her use of the abbey for billeting her retinue of knights, undoubtedly for defense of her lands in the area, she was committing a gross breach of the rights of hospitality. While Orderic depicts her as a truly evil woman, he was not alone in his opinion of her. See: Kathleen Thompson, 'Family and Influence to the South of Normandy in the Eleventh Century: The Lordship of Belleme', Journal of Medieval History, 11 (1985), 215-226.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XI, 1949), p. 686
^ Jump up to: a b c Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 86
^ Jump up to: a b c Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 88
Jump up ^ J. F. A. Mason, 'Roger de Montgomery and His Sons (1067-1102)', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, Vol. 13 (1963), pp. 1-2
Jump up ^ David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), pp. 60-1
Jump up ^ Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. II (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854), p. 14
Jump up ^ Elisabeth van Houts, 'The Ship List of William the Conqueror', Anglo-Norman Studies X; Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1987 (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1988), Appendix 4
Jump up ^ Lucien Musset, Aspects of Monasticism in Normandy, (J. Vrin, Paris, 1982), p. 186
Jump up ^ Violence Against Women in Medieval Texts, Ed. Anna Roberts (University Press of Florida, 1998), p. 49
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 87
Jump up ^ David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964), p. 414
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XI, 1949), p. 689 note (g)
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), pp. 86-7
Jump up ^ Elisabeth Van Houts, The Normans in Europe (Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, 2000), p. 276 & n. 300
Jump up ^ Pauline Stafford, 'Women and the Norman Conquest', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Sixth Series, Vol. 4, (1994), p. 227
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XI, 1949), pp. 686-7
Jump up ^ Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. II (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1854), pp. 194-5
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Ed. Geoffrey H. White, Vol. XI, 1949), p. 689 & note (f)
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Volume XI, Ed. Geoffrey H. White (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1949), p. 695
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. I, Ed. Vicary Gibbs (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1910), p. 233
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. IV, Ed. Vicary Gibbs (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1916), p. Appendix I, p. 762
^ Jump up to: a b c K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, Vol. I, Domesday Book (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1999), p. 399
Jump up ^ W.H. Turton, The Plantagenet Ancestry; Being Tables Showing Over 7,000 of the Ancestors of Elizabeth (daughter of Edward IV, and wife of Henry VII) the Heiress of the Plantagenets (Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1968), p. 144
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. V, Ed. H. A. Doubleday & Howard de Walden (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1926), p. 683
Jump up ^ J.R. Planché, The Conqueror and His Companions, Vol. I (Tinsley Brothers, London, 1874), p. 202
Jump up ^ K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, Vol. I, Domesday Book (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1999), p. 372
[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_de_Bell%C3%AAme] | DE BELLEME, Mabile Dame de Alençon, de Séez, and Bellême, Countess of Shrewsbury, Lady of Arundel (I14056)
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Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
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Roger Mortimer
Earl of March
Baron Mortimer
Isabella and Roger Mortimer.jpg
15th-century manuscript illustration depicting Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabella in the foreground. Background: Hugh Despenser the Younger on the scaffold, being emasculated.
Born 25 April 1287
Wigmore Castle, Wigmore, Herefordshire, England
Died 29 November 1330 (aged 43)
Tyburn, London
Buried Wigmore Abbey
Noble family Mortimer
Spouse(s) Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville
Issue
Margaret Mortimer
Katherine Mortimer
Beatrice Mortimer
Sir Edmund Mortimer
Roger Mortimer
Geoffrey Mortimer
John Mortimer
Agnes Mortimer
Joan Mortimer
Maud Mortimer
Isabella Mortimer
Blanche Mortimer[1]
Father Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer
Mother Margaret de Fiennes
Arms of Mortimer: Barry or and azure, on a chief of the first two pallets between two gyrons of the second over all an inescutcheon argent
Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (25 April 1287 – 29 November 1330), was an English nobleman and powerful Marcher lord who gained many estates in the Welsh Marches and Ireland following his advantageous marriage to the wealthy heiress Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville. In November 1316, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1322 for having led the Marcher lords in a revolt against King Edward II in what became known as the Despenser War. He later escaped to France, where he was joined by Edward's queen consort Isabella, whom he took as his mistress. After he and Isabella led a successful invasion and rebellion, Edward was subsequently deposed; Mortimer allegedly arranged his murder at Berkeley Castle. For three years, Mortimer was de facto ruler of England before being himself overthrown by Edward's eldest son, Edward III. Accused of assuming royal power and other crimes, Mortimer was executed by hanging at Tyburn.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life
2 Marriage
3 Military adventures in Ireland and Wales
4 Opposition to Edward II
5 Invasion of England and defeat of Edward II
6 Powers won and lost
7 Children of Roger and Joan
8 Royal descendants
9 Ancestry
10 In fiction
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
Early life[edit]
Mortimer, grandson of Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer and Maud de Braose, Baroness Mortimer, was born at Wigmore Castle, Herefordshire, England, the firstborn of Marcher Lord Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer, and Margaret de Fiennes. He was born on April 25, 1287, the Feast of Saint Mark, a day of bad omen. He shared this birthday with King Edward II, which would be relevant later in life.[2] Edmund Mortimer was a second son, intended for minor orders and a clerical career, but on the sudden death of his elder brother Ralph, Edmund was recalled from Oxford University and installed as heir. According to his biographer Ian Mortimer, Roger was possibly sent as a boy away from home to be fostered in the household of his formidable uncle, Roger Mortimer de Chirk.[3] It was this uncle who had carried the severed head of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales to King Edward I in 1282.[4]
Roger attended the Coronation of Edward II on 25th February 1308 and carried a table bearing the royal robes in the ceremony's procession.[5]
Marriage[edit]
Like many noble children of his time, Roger was betrothed at a young age, to Joan de Geneville (born 1286), the daughter of Sir Piers de Geneville, of Trim Castle and Ludlow. They were married on 20 September 1301 when he was aged fourteen. Their first child was born in 1302.[6]
Through his marriage, Roger not only acquired numerous possessions in the Welsh Marches, including the important Ludlow Castle, which became the chief stronghold of the Mortimers, but also extensive estates and influence in Ireland. However, Joan de Geneville was not an "heiress" at the time of her marriage. Her grandfather Geoffrey de Geneville, at the age of eighty in 1308, conveyed most, but not all, of his Irish lordships to Roger Mortimer, and then retired: he finally died in 1314, with Joan succeeding as suo jure 2nd Baroness Geneville. During his lifetime Geoffrey also conveyed much of the remainder of his legacy, such as Kenlys, to his younger son Simon de Geneville, who had meanwhile become Baron of Culmullin through marriage to Joanna FitzLeon. Roger Mortimer therefore succeeded to the eastern part of the Lordship of Meath, centred on Trim and its stronghold of Trim Castle. He did not succeed, however, to the Lordship of Fingal.[7]
Military adventures in Ireland and Wales[edit]
Roger Mortimer's childhood came to an abrupt end when his father was mortally wounded in a skirmish near Builth in July 1304. Since Roger was underage at the death of his father, he was placed by King Edward I under the guardianship of Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall. However, on 22 May 1306, in a lavish ceremony in Westminster Abbey with two hundred and fifty-nine others, he was knighted by Edward and granted livery of his full inheritance.[8]
His adult life began in earnest in 1308, when he went to Ireland in person to enforce his authority. This brought him into conflict with the de Lacys, who turned for support to Edward Bruce, brother of Robert Bruce, King of Scots. Mortimer was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by Edward II on 23 November 1316. Shortly afterwards, at the head of a large army, he drove Bruce to Carrickfergus and the de Lacys into Connaught, wreaking vengeance on their adherents whenever they were to be found. He returned to England and Wales in 1318[9] and was then occupied for some years with baronial disputes on the Welsh border.
Opposition to Edward II[edit]
Main article: Despenser War
Mortimer became disaffected with his king and joined the growing opposition to Edward II and the Despensers. After the younger Despenser was granted lands belonging to him, he and the Marchers began conducting devastating raids against Despenser property in Wales. He supported Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, in refusing to obey the king's summons to appear before him in 1321 as long as "the younger Despencer was in the King's train."[5] Mortimer led a march against London, his men wearing the Mortimer uniform which was green with a yellow sleeve.[10] He was prevented from entering the capital, although his forces put it under siege. These acts of insurrection compelled the Lords Ordainers led by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, to order the king to banish the Despensers in August. When the king led a successful expedition in October against Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere, after she had refused Queen Isabella admittance to Leeds Castle, he used his victory and new popularity among the moderate lords and the people to summon the Despensers back to England. Mortimer, in company with other Marcher Lords, led a rebellion against Edward, which is known as the Despenser War.[5]
In January 1322 Roger attacked and burnt Bridgnorth but, being heavily outnumbered, was forced to surrender to the king at Shrewsbury.[5] Mortimer joined Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge in May 1322 and warrants for his arrest were issued in July.[5] A death sentence was passed upon Roger but this was commuted to life imprisonment and he was consigned to the Tower of London.[5] In August 1323 Mortimer, aided by the Constable, Stephen de Segrave, drugged the warders and escaped.[5] He attempted to capture Windsor and Wallingford Castles to free imprisoned Contrariants.[5] Roger eventually fled to France, pursued by warrants for his capture dead or alive.[11]
In the following year Queen Isabella, anxious to escape from her husband, obtained his consent to her going to France to use her influence with her brother, King Charles IV, in favour of peace. At the French court the queen found Roger Mortimer, who became her lover soon afterwards. At his instigation, she refused to return to England so long as the Despensers retained power as the king's favourites.
Historians have speculated as to the date at which Mortimer and Isabella actually became lovers.[12] The modern view is that it began while both were still in England, and that after a disagreement, Isabella abandoned Roger to his fate in the Tower. His subsequent escape became one of medieval England's most colourful episodes. However almost certainly Isabella risked everything by chancing Mortimer's companionship and emotional support when they first met again at Paris four years later (Christmas 1325). King Charles IV's protection of Isabella at the French court from Despenser's would-be assassins played a large part in developing the relationship.[13] In 1326, Mortimer moved as Prince Edward's guardian to Hainault, but only after a furious dispute with the queen, demanding she remain in France.[14] Isabella retired to raise troops in her County of Ponthieu; Mortimer arranged the invasion fleet supplied by the Hainaulters and an army supplied by his supporters back in England, who had been sending him aid and advice since at least March 1326.[15]
Invasion of England and defeat of Edward II[edit]
The scandal of Isabella's relations with Mortimer compelled them both to withdraw from the French court to Flanders, where they obtained assistance for an invasion of England from Count William of Hainaut, although Isabella did not arrive from Ponthieu until the fleet was due to sail. Landing in the River Orwell on 24 September 1326, they were accompanied by Prince Edward and Henry, Earl of Lancaster. London rose in support of the queen, and Edward took flight to the west, pursued by Mortimer and Isabella. After wandering helplessly for some weeks in Wales, the king was taken prisoner on 16 November, and was compelled to abdicate in favour of his son. Though the latter was crowned as Edward III of England on 25 January 1327, the country was ruled by Mortimer and Isabella. On September 21 that same year, Edward II died in captivity. The suspicious death of Edward II has been the subject of many conspiracy theories, including that Mortimer killed him, but none have been proven.[citation needed]
Powers won and lost[edit]
Following the removal of the Despensers, Roger set to work in restoring the status of his supporters, primarily in the Marches, and hundreds of pardons and restorations of property were made in the first year of the new king's reign.[15] Rich estates and offices of profit and power were heaped on Mortimer. He was made constable of Wallingford Castle and in September 1328 he was created Earl of March. However, although in military terms he was far more competent than the Despensers, his ambition was troubling to all. His own son Geoffrey, the only one to survive into old age, mocked him as "the king of folly."[citation needed] During his short time as ruler of England he took over the lordships of Denbigh, Oswestry, and Clun (the first of which belonged to Despenser, the latter two had been the Earl of Arundel's). He was also granted the marcher lordship of Montgomery by the queen.[citation needed]
The "Tyburn Tree"
The jealousy and anger of many nobles were aroused by Mortimer's use of power. Henry, Earl of Lancaster, one of the principals behind Edward II's deposition, tried to overthrow Mortimer, but the action was ineffective as the young king passively stood by. Then, in March 1330, Mortimer ordered the execution of Edmund, Earl of Kent, the half-brother of Edward II. After this execution Henry Lancaster prevailed upon the young king, Edward III, to assert his independence. In October 1330, a Parliament was summoned to Nottingham, just days before Edward's eighteenth birthday, and Mortimer and Isabella were seized by Edward and his companions from inside Nottingham Castle. In spite of Isabella's entreaty to her son, "Fair son, have pity on the gentle Mortimer," Mortimer was conveyed to the Tower. Accused of assuming royal power and of various other high misdemeanours, he was condemned without trial and ignominiously hanged at Tyburn on 29 November 1330, his vast estates forfeited to the crown. His body hung at the gallows for two days and nights in full view of the populace. Mortimer's widow Joan received a pardon in 1336 and survived till 1356. She was buried beside Mortimer at Wigmore, but the site was later destroyed.[16]
In 2002, the actor John Challis, the owner of the remaining buildings of Wigmore Abbey, invited the BBC programme House Detectives at Large to investigate his property. During the investigation, a document was discovered in which Mortimer's widow Joan petitioned Edward III for the return of her husband's body so she could bury it at Wigmore Abbey. Mortimer's lover Isabella had buried his body at Greyfriars in Coventry following his hanging. Edward III replied, "Let his body rest in peace." The king later relented, and Mortimer's body was transferred to Wigmore Abbey, where Joan was later buried beside him.[citation needed]
Children of Roger and Joan[edit]
The marriages of Mortimer's children (three sons and eight daughters) cemented Mortimer's strengths in the West.
Sir Edmund Mortimer knt (1302–1331), married Elizabeth de Badlesmere; they produced Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, who was restored to his grandfather's title.
Margaret Mortimer (1304 – 5 May 1337), married Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley
Maud Mortimer (1307 – aft. 1345), married John de Charlton, Lord of Powys[17]
Geoffrey Mortimer (1309–1372/6)
John Mortimer (1310–1328)
Joan Mortimer (c. 1312–1337/51), married James Audley, 2nd Baron Audley
Isabella Mortimer (c. 1313 – aft. 1327)
Katherine Mortimer (c. 1314–1369), married Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
Agnes Mortimer (c. 1317–1368), married Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke
Beatrice Mortimer (d. 16 October 1383), who married firstly, Edward of Norfolk (d. before 9 August 1334), son and heir apparent of Thomas of Brotherton, by whom she had no issue, and secondly, before 13 September 1337, Thomas de Brewes (d. 9 or 16 June 1361), by whom she had three sons and three daughters.[18]
Blanche Mortimer (c. 1321–1347), married Peter de Grandison, 2nd Baron Grandison
Royal descendants[edit]
Through his son Sir Edmund Mortimer, he is an ancestor of the last Plantagenet monarchs of England from King Edward IV to Richard III. By Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, the Earl of March is an ancestor to King Henry VIII and to all subsequent monarchs of the United Kingdom.
Ancestry[edit]
[show]Ancestors of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
In fiction[edit]
Mortimer appears in Christopher Marlowe's play Edward II (c. 1592) as well as Bertolt Brecht's The Life of Edward II of England (1923). In Derek Jarman's film Edward II (1991), based on Marlowe's play, he is portrayed by Nigel Terry.
Mortimer is also a character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by Claude Giraud (fr) in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Bruno Todeschini in the 2005 adaptation.[20]
Mortimer is a character in World Without End and is played by Hannes Jaenicke.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Blanch Mortimer: 'Remains' of medieval traitor's daughter found". BBC News. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mortimer". Edward II. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
Jump up ^ Mortimer 2003, p. 12.
Jump up ^ Mortimer 2003, p. 13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Parl Writs II Digest 1834.
Jump up ^ Mortimer 2003, p. 14.
Jump up ^ Fingal descended firstly to Simon de Geneville (whose son Laurence predeceased him), and thence through his heiress daughter Elizabeth to her husband William de Loundres, and next through their heiress daughter, also Elizabeth, to Sir Christopher Preston, and finally to the Viscounts Gormanston.
Jump up ^ R. R. Davies, 'Mortimer, Roger (V), first earl of March (1287–1330)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [1]; accessed 14 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Mortimer 2003, pp. 91–93.
Jump up ^ Costain, Thomas B. (1958). The Three Edwards. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc. p.191
Jump up ^ E.L.G. Stones, "The Date of Roger Mortimer's Escape from the Tower of London" The English Historical Review 66 No. 258 (January 1951:97–98) corrected the traditional date of 1324 offered in one uncorroborated source.
Jump up ^ Mortimer, 141 as cited by Alison Weir, 181; for a countervailing view see, Doherty, PC, "Isabella, Queen of England 1296–1330 (unpublished D.Phil Thesis, Exeter College, Oxford, 1977/8).
Jump up ^ "The Queen has come of her own free will, and may freely return when she so wishes. But if she prefers to remain in these parts, she is my sister, and I refuse to expel her." quoted in Weir, 181, from the "Vita Edwardi Secundi".
Jump up ^ Mortimer threatened to "slit her throat" if she returned to Edward and England. A threat he would live to regret when tried by the new King Edward III.
^ Jump up to: a b Patent Rolls 1232–1509.
Jump up ^ Costain, p.275
Jump up ^ Charles Hopkinson and Martin Speight, The Mortimers: Lords of the March (Logaston Press 2002), pp. 84–5.
Jump up ^ Richardson II 2011, p. 634.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Mortimer 2003, p. 338.
Jump up ^ "Les Rois maudits: Casting de la saison 1" (in French). AlloCiné. 2005. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
References[edit]
C. G. Crump, "The Arrest of Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabel" (EHR, XXVI, 1911), 331–2
R. R. Davies, 'Mortimer, Roger (V), first earl of March (1287–1330)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008 [2], accessed 19 December 2009.
D. A. Harding, The Regime of Isabella and Mortimer, 1326–1330, M Phil Thesis (University of Durham, 1985).
Patent Rolls. Westminster: Parliament of England. 1232–1509.
Calendar of the Gormanston Register (ed. Mills/McEnery), Dublin, 1916.
Mortimer, Ian (2003). The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England 1327–1330. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-34941-6.
Ian Mortimer, 'The Death of Edward II in Berkeley Castle', English Historical Review, cxx, 489 (2005), 1175–1214.
Derek Pratt, "The Marcher Lordship of Chirk, 1329–1330", (Transactions of the Denbighshire Historical Society, XXXIX, 1990).
Parliamentary Writs Alphabetical Digest. II. London: Public Record Office. 1834.
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966349.
J. H. Round, "The Landing of Queen Isabella" (EHR, XIV, 1899)
G. W. Watson, Geoffrey de Mortimer and his Descendants, (Genealogist, New series, XXII, 1906).
A. Weir, Isabella she-wolf of France, Queen of England, (Jonathan Cape, London, 2005).
Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 By Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines: 10–31, 29–32, 29–33, 39–31, 47B-33, 71–33, 71A-32, 120–33, 176B-32, 263–31
Preston Genealogy, by Sir Thomas Wentworth, May 1636 (MS 10,208, National Library, Dublin)
External links[edit]
Wigmore Castle
BBC "House Detectives at Large" Press Release | MORTIMER, Roger 1st Earl of March (I9395)
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Rogert was also Comte de Belleme and Alencon. Owner of Arundel Castle,the City of Chichester and lands in Sussex. | DE MONTGOMERY, Earl of Shrewsbury, Coomte de Belleme & Alencon, Robert (I1856)
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Roll of Freemen of Canterbury 1300-1800
Joyce, John, butcher, s. of Edmund Joyce, 1650.
Joyce, Edmund, barber-surgeon. 1632.
sub-fonds ADMINISTRATION
series ACTS OF PARLIAMENT
series PETITIONS TO BURGHMOTE
Repository Canterbury Cathedral Archives
Level file
RefNo CCA-CC-A/P/B/1647/44
Title Edmund Joyce - barber
Date 14 Dec 1647
Description Seeks extra time to repay loan
Language English
Extent 1 doc | JOYCE, Edmond (I8183)
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Rollo (died between 928 and 933 ) is the head Viking causing the Duchy of Normandy . In 911 , in exchange for stopping its looting, he received the King Charles the Simple territory around Rouen . About a hundred years later, this concession will become the Duchy of Normandy. It is quite difficult to fix the fabric of life of Rollo, because it is also the subject of legends.
Names and nicknames of Rollo [ edit | edit the code ]
Rollo (Rollo in Latin ) is sometimes called Robert I the Rich, Robert is the name he received at his baptism . The Norman historians gladly appoint the Rhou or Rou , resulting from the regular phonetic evolution Hrólfr in Norman dialect, according to the following scheme: Hrólfr> Rolf> Rouf (cf. Norman surnames in -ouf)> Rou (see also Osouf, Auzou Ingouf or alternatively Ygout variant). There is also a variant from the equivalent name from the continental Germanic Latinized Rodulfus (Rudolph), and another Latinized variant Radulfus (Ralf Ralph), hence its other name of Raoul. More often, he is nicknamed "Rollo the Walker" (Göngu-Hrólfr in Old Norse ), as the legend tells that no horse has ever been able to carry his imposing stature of more than two meters to more than one hundred and forty kilos . For others, the legend had to show Rollo as a giant because he was powerful and feared. For its part, Régis Boyer , professor of languages, literatures and Scandinavian civilization to the University of Paris-Sorbonne , argues that this nickname refers to his many travels, his extraordinary journey (göngu would actually göngumadr, namely vagabond).
According Adigard of Gautries , Hrólfr is the contraction of Hróó / Ulfr, meaning "fame / wolf" .
The wanderings of a Viking chief [ edit | edit the code ]
4The journey Rollo.
The history of Rollo is rather uncertain, particularly its origins. The historian Lucien Musset noted that "the success of his dynasty (Rollo is behind the line of the Dukes of Normandy ) created around him a legend halo " . In addition, sources that evoke this character are almost all late.
Some of them (notably Denmark) tell that he was born in Denmark in 845 . The sagas Icelandic thirteenth century rather have him as a Norwegian . The latter thesis seems to prevail today accession. These same sagas explain that Rollo is the son of Rognevald , an Earl ( Earl ) of the region of Møre og Romsdal , in west-central Norway . The ruins of the castle would be in the southern suburbs of Ålesund . Like many other Scandinavians , he was finally forced to leave his country and to sail the seas. The Heimskringla says he is banished by the King of Norway Harald beautiful hair for engaging in looting the country .
In all likelihood, he became head of a band of Vikings , mostly Danes and some Norwegians , mainly attacks coasts of North Sea and English Channel . Dudo of Saint-Quentin , a historian of early eleventh century adds several details, unverifiable : after his banishment from Norway, Rollo refuge to King Anglo-Saxon Alstelmus . The latter gives him a little band of English and the Viking with his hand and Anglo-Scandinavian band ravage Frisia , the mouth of the Rhine and the Scheldt .
Dudo of Saint-Quentin-site arrival of Rollo in the Frankish kingdom in 876 , the year of an important Viking incursion on the Seine . Again, no evidence to verify this claim. Today, many historians, like Jean Renaud and Lucien Musset before him doubt the accuracy of that date, and offer a late dating ( 890 - 905 ) .
The installation of Rollo in Normandy [ edit | edit the code ]
Statue of Rollo at Rouen , by Arsène Letellier (Town Hall gardens).
First contacts with Normandy [ edit | edit the code ]
In any case, whatever the date, Rollo addresses the Francia by the Seine . He discovered a region (the future Normandy) looted regularly since 841 by his fellow Vikings. His band moved to the mouth of the Seine and from there launches various raids in the Frankish kingdom. Our main source, Dudo of Saint-Quentin, reports that Rollon part in the siege of Paris between 885 - 887 , and then left for Bayeux between 886 and 890 . Beaten by the Breton Duke Alain le Grand , he would have folded to winter in Noyon .
The historian Pierre Bauduin defends the thesis of an early installation Rollo in Normandy. Long enough to install the Viking chief made contact with representatives of power Carolingian and the Church. Does not he married, more danico (and certainly force), Poppa , daughter of the Count of Bayeux Berenger , after taking the city after killing it? Rollo surely develop alliances with the authorities in place, so that in the early 910 , there is no longer an obscure band leader.
The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) [ edit | edit the code ]
The Duchy of Normandy between 911 and 1,050.
After 886/890, Rollo probably Neustrie leaves for England. It is born overseas as his son William. It is up to 898 and concludes with the archbishop of Rouen "pact of Jumièges" to save the city of Rouen . In the summer of 911, he attacks Paris, but fails. The army of Rollo besieged then Chartres but it is the defeat July 20 911 ; Legend claims that Gancelme , bishop of the city , would have made from Rollo waving the veil of the Virgin Mary . It is especially important to see the joint intervention of the great aristocrats of the kingdom: Robert , Duke of the Franks and Marquis of Neustria Justiciar Richard , Duke of Burgundy and Manasses , Count of Dijon .
This is the moment chosen by the Carolingian king Charles the Simple to negotiate with the powerful Scandinavian chef. Francon , archbishop of Rouen or perhaps its predecessor Gui is sent ambassador . It proposes the transfer of territory between the Andelle and the sea, but in return must convert. Robert approves the treaty and proposes as a sponsor of Rollo . The negotiations led to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911 . Its terms are known to us only by the story of Dudo of Saint-Quentin. The king yields to Rollon a part of Neustria , a land from the Epte to the sea base of the future duchy of Normandy . In return, Rollo commits to block the Viking incursions threatening the Frankish kingdom. He was baptized in 912 in the Rouen Cathedral by the name of Robert, named after the Duke Robert , his godfather baptism and progenitor of future kings Capetian .
Baptism of Rollo by the archbishop of Rouen.
Rollo, Earl Norman [ edit | edit the code ]
Considered by historians as the first Duke of Normandy and the founder of the duchy Norman, it however not the title of Duke of Normandy but only that of Earl of Normans , the equivalent of the French prince. Also the Latin texts they often qualify originator, ie prince. It also inherits the Carolingian charge comes Rothomagensis, Count of Rouen or marchiones, Marquis, as one who defended the Seine against Viking raids.
Government of Rollo [ edit | edit the code ]
It restores peace and security in Normandy. A legend tells that Rollon suspended for three years a gold ring to the shaft Roumare forest without anyone dare steal it. At Heuland , there is a cross called Cross of Rollo at which it is claimed he hung jewels and gold bracelets to prove that there was no thief in his duchy . Earl uses the archbishop of Rouen to revive the secular Church and restore the monastic life. The monks of Saint-Ouen in Rouen dare come back with their relics. Standardization religiously remains in its infancy.
Rollon he upsets the regional government over its Carolingian predecessors? If he inspires such Scandinavian institutions to reform the new state? The sources at our disposal do not answer. It was not until the successors of Rollo to understand the administration of the young duchy.
Viking chief Christian prince or [? alter | modify the code ]
Rollon
The installation of Rollo in Rouen not inaugurated the Scandinavian settlement in the current Normandy. It strengthens it. According to Jean Renaud , Danes had already settled at the mouth of the Seine, not counting the regular and independent settlements on the coast of Cotentin .
Rollo sharing the land "between his knights and aliens" says Guillaume de Jumièges . Given the place names , the colonists settled near the coast and in Lower Seine. But the country is far from having been deserted by the locals. She had fled the fighting, but once peace is restored and newly installed lords, life returned to normal.
After the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte , Rollo continued his plundering expeditions or more or less successful attempts of territorial expansion. He also severely with regard to the king's men, as Dudo highlights of Saint-Quentin. The following anecdote is described as legendary by historians, but it marks the rejection of royal interference in the affairs of Rouen. So in 922, two knights are sent by Charles the Simple to ensure the safety of his daughter Gisele, as he had promised to Earl wife of Norman. The two knights are not presented to Rollo and circulate without authorization in the county. When it learns of their existence, it makes capturing, and brings the Place du Vieux Marché in Rouen to decapitate them in the eyes of all. This episode is to Dudo of Saint-Quentin and Guillaume de Jumièges the beginning of the deterioration of relations between the Count and King Charles.
When momentary deposition of Charles the Simple, the Rouen Normans remain loyal to him. In accordance with the terms of the treaty, no Scandinavian fleet up the Seine to plunder the Frankish kingdom. But the records indicate us that in 923 , Rollo and his men betrayed their oath 911. According Flodoard, Ragenold , leader of the Vikings of the Loire , convinces his "Rouen compatriots" to lead a company to plunder Beauvais , which they did.
The columnist insists the number of captives francs thousand in total, which justified the reaction 924 of Count Herbert II of Vermandois and King Raoul , summoned by Hugh the Great , son of King Robert I , the predecessor of Raoul. These two characters led a punitive expedition on the Normandy County . Rollo react to this affront by pushing his army this time far beyond the Oise. To find a way out, diplomacy took to that time all its importance, and it was the Norman ambassadors who had the last word, because the king was forced to pay a tribute to the Normans . Rollo also received for repair parts of the Bessin and the Hiémois . We must not forget that the population continued to pay the danegeld the count, and that until 926 . According to the Annals of Flodoard, canon of Reims , in 924, the Earl Norman won the Carolingian power and Cinomannis Baiocae ( Le Mans and Bayeux ), that is to say, the county of Maine and Norman . Lucien Musset considers unlikely the concession throughout the county and proposes instead to talk about the region Hiémois.
In 925 , Flodoard recounts in his chronicles the journey of Rollo on the Frankish lands, which broke at the same time of peace 924. With his army, he took a position in the county of Flanders ; the cities of Beauvais , of Amiens , of Arras and finally Noyon were looted and burned to turn round. Faced with this incursion, Count Herbert and King Raoul again allied forces to pillage Normandy County. The Rollo army repulsed, but the count was faced with a revolt of the people of Bessin, which certainly refused the new earl guardianship.
Frankish repression did not stop as long, since a second assault prepared against the young Normandy. Arnulf I of Flanders seized Bresles , and directed all its forces on the Norman fortress of Eu . Rollo sent reinforcements there that Flodoard estimated thousand. But whatever their number, the Franks were due to the fortress, which fell under their control, and ends up being burned with its occupants. It is thanks to the intervention of Hugh the Great hostilities ceased. The Normans accepted the terms of the agreement and gave the land they had recently conquered. The son of Baldwin II the Bald , Arnulf I of Flanders and Adolphe de Boulogne , took their possessions. Raoul de Gouy and Helgaud Ponthieu did the same. This Norman was not stinging defeat since the Normandy county was amputated no territorial concession.
The clashes at the Picardie are placed in a context of collapse of royal power in this region (the Carolingian Charles the Simple was overthrown by Raoul ). Picardy became 920 years from "the land where faced the appetites of the major northern leaders of France "(Earl Normans, Count of Flanders , Duke of the Franks and Count of Vermandois ). With the main issue: the control of the coastal areas of the country. Where conflicts around the fortresses of Eu and Montreuil .
The uncertain end of Rollo [ edit | edit the code ]
Lying Rollo (Rollo, in Latin), the cathedral of Rouen .
The date and circumstances of the death of the first earl of Normans remain uncertain. According Richer of Reims , Rollo the Walker died in 925 during the siege of the castle of Eu , conducted by Herbert II of Vermandois and Arnulf , Count of Flanders . It is indeed possible, since in 927 , we see his son William Longsword swear allegiance to the Normans. However, Flodoard , in an ambiguous way, implies that Rollo was still living in 928 . Especially, according to Dudo of Saint-Quentin , the first Earl was not killed; he would have abdicated in favor of his son, and then lived another five years . The current historiography generally takes the story, and places the death of Rollo to 932 - 933 . By cons, English historian David Douglas does not believe in this transition period, and instead believes in a death date around 925-927 .
According to Ademar of Chabannes , Rollo would have practiced human sacrifices in honor of the pagan gods shortly before his death in 932-933, while donations to Norman churches. This anecdote is doubtful .
According to Father Anselm , he was buried in the cathedral of Rouen , and his remains were transferred to the Abbey of Fecamp in the second half of the tenth century , under the principate of Richard Fearless , his grand-son.
The recumbent figure of Rollo, located in the south ambulatory of the cathedral, is a copy of the nineteenth century the lying of Henry the Younger . It was installed in its current location in 1956 . Until 1944 , the recumbent figure of Rollo was placed in the small chapel of Saint-Romain (south aisle). Stylistically close of lying to his son, he was dating the same period, third quarter of the fourteenth century , but the original was destroyed .
On the base, is an epitaph:
"IN.SINU.TEMPLI.ROLLO.QUIESCIT
A.SE.VASTATAE.CONDITAE.NORMANNIAE.PATER.AC.PRIMUS.DUX
LABORE.QUI.FRACTUS.OCCUBUIT.OCTOGENARIO.MAIOR.AN.CM.XXXIII "
(Translation: Within the temple, lies Rollo,
father and first Duke of Normandy, founded by him and devastated.
At the end of that labor force, he died in 933, aged over 80 years.)
Genealogy [ edit | edit the code ]
Main article: Progeny of Rollo .
Charles the Simple gives his Gisele daughter Rollo.
Ancestry can Rollo.
Regarding the ancestry of Rollo, northern sources are more verbose than Norman sources. The Landnámabók or book shares land in Iceland, allows to build the family tree of right.
If we follow the story of Dudo of Saint-Quentin, Rollo had a brother, Gurim, who was killed in a battle against the king of the Danes; this before Rollo should leave his homeland.
One of its frilla (wife to the Danish way ) was the best known Poppa , daughter franc Count Berenger of Bayeux , killed during the capture of the city by the Vikings of Rollo [ref. required] . After his baptism, Rollo had received an official wife, Gisele, daughter of King Charles the Simple , Carolingian old princess in more than four years, but this is confirmed by no contemporaneous documents .
His son William succeeded him around 927. His daughter Gerloc later became the wife of William Head-d'Étoupe , Count of Poitiers and Duke of Aquitaine .
References [ change | edit the code ]
↑ (in) Rollo Genealogy on the website Medieval Lands [archive]
↑ a and b Neveux 2009 , p. 73.
↑ Jacques Antoine Dulaure , civil and moral history of physical surroundings of Paris III, p.37 chap.5
↑ Jean Adigard of Gautries , The Names of people in 911 Scandinavian Normandy in 1066, Lund, 1954.
↑ Lucien Musset , "Birth of Normandy" in Boüard Michel (ed.), History of Normandy, 1970.
↑ George Bernard Depping, History of the maritime expeditions of the Normans, and their establishment in France in the tenth ...
↑ Heimskringla, Harald history to Fairhair, translation François-Xavier Dillmann , Chapter 24, p. 141
↑ De moribus and actis primorum Normanniae ducum of Dudo of Saint Quentin is a long story from the oral tradition; which led to it being considered by competent critics as unreliable. Other authorities as Pierre Bauduin or François Neveux nevertheless consider, without denying the presence of the legend, the value of this work as significant for the history of the Normans.
↑ This king is unknown. Perhaps is it of Alfred the Great who lives at the same time
↑ a and b Neveux 2009 , p. 74.
↑ According to Dudo of Saint-Quentin , 876 corresponds to the date of the meeting between Rollon and the archbishop of Rouen Francon in Jumièges . Francon would have dealt with the Scandinavian leader and would let him into Rouen without a fight. The specialist of the Vikings, Jean Renaud, does not deny the reality of this agreement (the épargnement of the city and its people by the Vikings against the right to settle) but prefers to place it later. Indeed, a later interpolation , made by a monk of Limoges in the Ademar of Chabannes Chronicle, is the arrival of Rollo in the Seine estuary between 896 and 900
↑ a , b and c Neveux 2009 , p. 77.
↑ a , b and c Neveux 2009 , p. 79.
↑ a and b Neveux 2009 , p. 80.
↑ General Directions of France, Normandy, p. 421, Adolphe Joanne, 1866 Read online [archive]
↑ Jean Renaud, The Vikings and Normandy, western France editions, Rennes, 1989. Chapter V (p.84), the author tells us that a tribute was paid by the Carolingian king while he ceded to Rollo Bessin and Hiémois. This operation was to repair the damage suffered by the Norman count, since the Frankish troops had crossed the Epte without permission. In the Annals of Flodoard columnist states that tax was lifted across the kingdom to buy peace with the Normans.
↑ Jean Renaud, The Vikings and Normandy, western France editions, Rennes, 1989. Chapter V (p.85) the author is surprised that the toll had risen danegeld or until 926, fifteen years after the founding of County Rouen.
↑ Pierre Bauduin, the first Normandy, p. 148.
↑ David Douglas, "Rollo", English Historical Review, Vol.57, No. 228, October 1942, p. 434-436.
↑ Idem.
↑ Neveux 2009 , p. 87.
↑ François Neveux , Normandy Dukes kings, Rennes, western France, 2002, p. 33.
↑ David Douglas, op. cit.
↑ François Neveux, Normandy Dukes kings, tenth and twelfth century. Editions Ouest-France, 1998. ( ISBN 2737309859 )
↑ a and b Markus Schlicht, Rouen Cathedral in 1300 (Vincent Juhel Pref.): Bookstores Portal, Portal Calende, Lady Chapel, Caen, Society of Antiquaries of Normandy, 2005 , 426 pp. ( ISBN 2-9510558-3-8 , OCLC 1279-6662 [archive] ), p. 347
↑ Marjorie Chibnall, The Normans, 2001, p. 12.
[afficher]
See this design.
Rollon
[afficher]
v · m
Chronology of earls and dukes of Normandy from 911 to 1204
See also [ edit | edit the code ]
Sources [ edit | edit the code ]
Dudo of Saint-Quentin , De Moribus and actis primorum Normanniae ducum v. 1020, ed. J. Lair, in Memoirs of the Society of Antiquaries of Normandy, Volume XXIII, Caen, 1865
Flodoard , Annals, 918-966
William of Jumièges , Gesta Normannorum ducum, v.1071-1072, Oxford, ed. Van Houts, 2 vols., 1992-1995
References [ change | edit the code ]
Louis de Saint-Pierre, Rollo before history, Paris, Peyronnet, 1949
Lucien Musset , Nordica and Normannica. Collection of Studies on Ancient and Medieval Scandinavia, the Viking expeditions and the founding of Normandy, Paris, Society of Northern Studies, 1997 ( ISBN 2-912420-00-8 )
Pierre Bauduin , "Scandinavian raids in the establishment of the Principality of Rouen" in Elisabeth Deniaux Claude Lorren Pierre Bauduin and Thomas Jarry, Normandy before the Normans, the Roman conquest to the arrival of the Vikings, Rennes, editions Ouest-France University, 2002 ( ISBN 2-7373-1117-9 ) .
François Neveux , Normandy Dukes kings, Rennes, western France, 2002 ( ISBN 2-7373-0985-9 )
Jean Renaud and Sigrid, Rollo, the Viking chief, Ouest-France University Publishing, 2006 ( ISBN 978-2-7373-3592-1 )
François Neveux , The Adventure of the Normans: VIII thirteenth century, Paris, Perrin, coll "Tempus". 2009 , 368 pp. ( ISBN 978-2-262-02981-4 ) | Rollo? (I13584)
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Rose Jemmett, born Jan 22, 1871 in St. Louis, MO; died 1934. | JEMMETT, Rose (I8011)
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Rosetta shared the homes of her parents in Ospringe Street, until they died, after which she shared the home for a while with her late brother William’s youngest son, Bertie. Rosetta, like her sister Sarah, was a dressmaker | EPPS, Rosetta (I3011)
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Roy Lumb died while on his first vacation to Australia. He had gone specifically for the purpose of meeting his Australia cousins for the first time. I was notified of his death during the middle of October, 1997 by his sister-in-law who lives in Welland, Ontario.
Roy has three sons, one of which lives in Texas, one is a minister in Tennessee and the third one died as an adolescent, about the age of 16. | LUMB, Roy Tracy (I2389)
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ROYTON, vulgarly called Rayton, is a manor in this parish, situated at a small distance eastward from Chillton, the mansion of which had a free chapel annexed to it, the ruins of which still remain.
In the year 1259, anno 44 Henry III. this manor was in the possession of Simon Fitzalan; in which year a final agreement was made in the King's court at Westminster, between Roger, abbot of St. Augustine, and the said Simon, concerning the customs and services which the abbot demanded of him for his free tenement, which he held of him in Royton, viz. one marc of silver yearly, and suit at the court of Lenham, which suit the abbot released to him on his agreeing to pay the rent above-mentioned, and suit at the court of St. Augustine, at Canterbury.
His successor was Robert de Royton, who most probably assumed his name from his possessions at this place. He founded a free chapel here, and annexed it to the mansion, which thence acquired the name of Royton chapel.
In which name it continued till the reign of king Henry VI. when, by an only daughter and heir, it went in marriage to James Dryland, esq. of Davington, whose daughter and sole heir Constance, having married to Sir Thomas Walsingham, of Chesilhurst, entitled her husband to the possession of it, and he died possessed of it anno 7 Edward IV. (fn. 6) and one of his descendants, in the beginning of the reign of king Henry VIII. alienated this manor to Edward Myllys, who did homage to the abbot of St. Augustine's for it as half a knight's fee, which he had lately purchased in Royton, near Lenham. He bore for his arms, Party per fess, sable and argent, a pale and three bears erect, counterchanged, collared and chained, or, [Pedigree of Darell.] from which name it was not long afterwards sold to Robert Atwater, whose arms were, Sable, a fess wavy, voided azure, between three swans, proper, who leaving two daughters and coheirs, Mary, the youngest of them, carried it, with other estates at Charing and elsewhere in this neighbourhood, to Robert Honywood, esq. of Henewood, in Postling, eldest son of John Honywood, esq. by his second wife, daughter of Barnes, of Wye.
He afterwards resided at Pett in Charing, part of his wife's inheritance, and dying in 1576, was buried in Lenham church, bearing for his arms those of Honywood, with a crescent, gules, for difference. He left a numerous issue by his wife, who survived him near forty-four years, and dying in 1620, in the ninety-third year of her age, was buried near him, though a monument is erected to her memory at Markshall, in Essex. She had, as has been said, at her decease, lawfully descended from her 367 children, 16 of her own body, 114 grand-children, 228 in the third generation, and nine in the fourth. Their eldest son Robert Honywood, of Charing, and afterwards of Markshall, in Essex, was twice married; first to Dorothy, daughter of John Crook, LL. D. by whom he had one son, Sir Robert Honywood, of Charing, and a daughter Dorothy, married to Henry Thomson, gent. His second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Brown, of Beechworth-castle, in Surry, by whom he had several sons and daughters; the eldest of whom, Thomas, was of Markshall, in Essex, esq. and father of John Le Mott Honywood, esq. of that place.
¶Sir Robert Honywood, on his death, devised the manor of Royton to Dorothy, his daughter by his first wife, married to Mr. Henry Thomson, the second son of Mr. Tho. Thomson, of Sandwich, and younger brother of T. Thomson, esq. of Kenfield, in PeTham, who afterwards resided at Royton, bearing for his arms, Gules, two bars argent, a chief ermine, a crescent for difference. [Vistn. co. Kent, 1619. Pedigree Thomson.] His surviving son Anthony, was of Royton, of which he died possessed in 1682, leaving an only daughter Dorothy, who carried it in marriage to Richard Crispe, gent. of Maidstone, in whose descendants it continued down to William Crispe, gent. of Royton, who died in 1761, and by his will devised it to his surviving wife Elizabeth, for her life; and the fee of it to his nephew Samuel Belcher, who dying unmarried and intestate, his interest in it descended to his only brother Peter Belcher, and he by his will in 1772 devised it to his brother-in-law, Mr. John Foster, in fee. Mrs. Elizabeth Crispe, before-mentioned, died in 1778, and this estate then came into the possession of Mr. John Foster, who afterwards sold it to Thomas Best, esq. of Chilston, on whose death, s. p. in 1793, it came by his will, among his other estates, to his nephew George Best, esq. now of Chilston, the present owner of it.
From: 'Parishes: Lenham', The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 5 (1798), pp. 415-445. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=62922&strquery=thomson. Date accessed: 17 January 2008.
Royton Manor:
Latitude: 51.2205 / 51°13'13"N
Longitude: 0.725 / 0°43'29"E
British Listed Buildings:
Entry Name: Royton Manor
Listing Date: 26 April 1968
Last Amended: 14 December 1984
Grade: II*
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1060984
English Heritage Legacy ID: 173927
Location: Lenham, Maidstone, Kent, ME17
County: Kent
District: Maidstone
Civil Parish: Lenham
Traditional County: Kent
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Kent
Description
LENHAM LENHAM HEATH ROAD
TQ 95 SW (north side)
Lenham Heath
5/192 Royton Manor (formerly listed
26.4.68. as Chapel Farmhouse)
II*
House. 2nd half of C15, first half C16, second half C16, late
C16 or early C17, C18, early and late C19. Timber framed.
Main range: ground floor early C18 red brick in Flemish bond with
occasional grey headers on ground floor and, probably later, at
right end of first floor. Rest of first floor tile-hung.
Left wing: early C19 chequered red and grey brick, first floor
of right side elevation tile-hung. Left side elevation rendered
on ground floor with some close-studding, tile-hung above.
Right wing: brick in Flemish bond to ground floor, English bond
to first floor. Right side elevation roughly coursed galletted
stone to ground floor, tile-hung above. Rear right wing rendered.
Plain tile roofs. Plan: Late C15 open hall of 2 unequal-
length bays and storeyed bay to either end. Left bay originally
jettied to front and left side and possibly also to rear.
Separately framed early (or possibly late) C16 wing 2 bays deep
added to rear of right end bay. Hall floored in late C16 and
wing of 3 long bays added to left end in late C16 or early C17.
Projecting forward slightly from main range. Further wing
added to right end, probably in C19, also projecting slightly to
front. Ceilings of first floor of left wing and hall raised
probably in C19. Rear lean-to added C19. Facade: 2 storeys,
with cellar to left, on brick plinth. Plat band in Flemish bond
to front of left cross wing, and, in English bond, to right
end of main range. Cross-wing roofs hipped, with gablet to left
wing. Multiple brick ridge stacks towards rear of left wing,
to rear to centre of main range and in front slope of roof to
right gable end of original building (formerly projecting and
external). Irregular fenestration of 6 late C19 casements.
Timber-framed porch, with close-studded gable jettied on moulded
bressumer, to right end of hall. Outer door has 4-centred arched
head with moulded jambs and spandrels carved inside and out.
Heavy door, probably original, with multiple vertical roll and
cavetto moulding and circular iron handle pierced with trefoils.
Inner door has 4-centred arched head with carved spandrels, and
architrave with deep multiple roll moulding with large finely-carved
4-tiered pedestals to bases. Heavy boarded C19 door. Interior:
Moulded, brattished dais beam to left end of hall. Remains of
massive moulded central truss post. Principal posts with rebated
jowls to main range and to rear right wing. Door in rear wall of
hall, at left end, with 4-centred arched head, hollow spandrels
and moulded jambs, partly renewed. Stairs in right end probably
in original position. Staircase with solid triangular treads
re-set in right wing. Plain crown-post with 2 upward and 2 curved
downward braces to rear right wing. Inserted hall floor with
heavily moulded beams and joists. Moulded stone fireplace surrounds
on both floors of left cross-wing. Ribbed plaster ceiling to
ground floor front room of left cross-wing. Late C16 or early C17
ovolo-moulded mullion windows in rear right wing, one with
moulded internal cill. Narrow corridor formed along right side of
the wing, walls and window jambs painted with strapwork design
in ochres. Flemish Renaissance overmantle to fireplace in rear
wall of hall and linen-fold panelled door to back door of cross-
passage possibly introduced in C19. C19 square panelling in hall.
Exposed timbers throughout.
Listing NGR: TQ9038850340
External Links
Historic England Listing
Wikidata Q17545067 | THOMSON, Henry (I20090)
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Ruck William Henry Maidstone 2a 1331 Scan available - click to view
Screes Selina Maidstone 2a 1331 | Family (F5157)
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Ruck Gabriel 1705/6 Jan E5/19 Discharge of Apprentice Linsted apprenticed to John LINDSEY of Bapchild, victualler | RUCK, Gabriel (I7358)
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Rumor has it that he is buried in a tomb in the floor of Exeter Cathedral, next to Elizabeth, however no physical evidence currently exists and the historians at the cathedral can find no documentation to support this rumor. The couple had ten children:
Phillip (1153 – before 1186)
Peter II, Latin Emperor of Constantinople (c. 1155 to 1218)[1]
Unnamed daughter (c. 1156 – ?)
Alice (died 12 February 1218),[1] married Count Aymer of Angoulême
Eustachia (1162–1235), married firstly William of Brienne, son of Erard II of Brienne and of Agnès of Montfaucon,[3] secondly William of Champlitte
Clémence (1164 – ?)
Robert, Seigneur of Champignelles (1166–1239), married in 1217 Mathilde of Mehun (d. 1240). Their eldest son was Peter of Courtenay, Lord of Conches.[4]
William, Seigneur of Tanlay (1168 – before 1248)[4]
Isabella (1169 – after 1194)
Constance (after 1170–1231) | CAPET, Pierre Sire de Courtenay (I2034)
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Ruth Busbridge's grandfather was Charles Horatio Bodeker who was only 1 month old when Heinrich Wilhelm Michel Bodeker died so only knew what his mother told him..... The story goes that Heinrich Wilhelm Michel fled to England after he killed a man "accidently" in a duel. His father was a Count and a merchant and had links with Helgoland. Heinrich Wilhelm Michel had been to University, possibly in Hamburg, and could speak 4 languages. His English was perfect. Ruth has a letter which he wrote to his daughter. She also has some "bits" which she took from a very old Bible.
Heinrich Wilhelm Michael Bodeker was buried at Brookwood Cemetery on 30 Aug 1864 - register number 28828 - died at 20 Alfred Place, St George Southwark - aged 48 - F Owston cemetery Anglican Priest officiated and he received a pauper class burial. The agreements with London parishes varied slightly but generally a pauper burial cost the parish about 15 shillings which included coffin transport to the Necropolis station in London, fare for the coffin and one mourner to Brookwood, burial as well as burial service in the cemetery.
In an email received from Ruth Busbridge dated September 18, 2004, she states the following:
"It would appear that HWM must have changed his name by what you found out from the 1861 cenus, they were still living there in 1863 as I have a receipt of money paid for the funeral of Sarah Hodges."
Discussion on Rootschat regarding inquest report in newspapers can be found at:
http://www.rootschat.com/forum/index.php/topic,280022.0.html
Mr. H. Bodeker, watchmaker and jeweller, who had committed suicide by cynide of potassium. He had lately given way intemperance. The verdict was Suicide.
Source: Monday 29 August 1864 , pp. 2-3, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, South Yorkshire, England | BODEKER, Heinrich Wilhelm Michael (I1871)
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s/o Robert, cuius susceptores John Tutton, Richard Sherley and Margaret Yeomans | OXENBRIDGE, John (I19232)
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Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (c. 1155 – 3 November 1219) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, King of England, and a major figure in both the kingdoms of Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Contents
1 Scottish Upbringing
2 Earl of Winchester
3 Magna Carta
4 The Fifth Crusade
5 Family
5.1 Issue
6 References
7 Sources
8 Background reading
9 External links
Scottish Upbringing
Although he was an Anglo-Norman, Saer de Quincy's father, Robert de Quincy, had married and held important lordships in the Scottish kingdom of his cousin King William the Lion. His mother, Orabilis, was the heiress of the lordship of Leuchars and through her Robert became lord over lands in Fife, Perth and Lothian (see below).[1]
Saer's own rise to prominence in England came partly through his marriage to Margaret, the younger sister of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester.[2] Earl Robert died in 1204, and left Margaret as co-heiress to the vast earldom along with her elder sister. The estate was split in half, and after the final division was ratified in 1207, de Quincy was made Earl of Winchester.[3]
Earl of Winchester
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Seal of Robert Fitzwalter (d.1235). So close was the alliance between both men that the seal shows the arms of Saer de Quincy (seven mascles 3,3,1) on a separate shield before FitzWalter horse, with FitzWalter's own arms on his own shield and on his horse's caparison.
Following his marriage, Winchester became a prominent military and diplomatic figure in England. There is no evidence of any close alliance with King John, however, and his rise to importance was probably due to his newly acquired magnate status and the family connections that underpinned it.
Saer seems to have developed a close personal relationship with his cousin, Robert Fitzwalter (died 1235). In 1203, they served as co-commanders of the garrison at the major fortress of Vaudreuil in Normandy. They surrendered the castle without a fight to Philip II of France, fatally weakening the English position in northern France.[4] Although popular opinion seems to have blamed them for the capitulation, a royal writ is extant stating that the castle was surrendered at King John's command, and both Winchester and Fitzwalter endured personal humiliation and heavy ransoms at the hands of the French.
In Scotland, he was perhaps more successful. In 1211 to 1212, the Earl of Winchester commanded an imposing retinue of a hundred knights and a hundred serjeants in William the Lion's campaign against the Mac William rebels, a force which some historians have suggested may have been the mercenary force from Brabant lent to the campaign by John.
Magna Carta
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Find sources: "Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Arms displayed by Earl Saer on his seal on Magna Carta. These differ from his arms used elsewhere but can also be seen in stained glass at Winchester Great Hall.
In 1215, when the baronial rebellion broke out, Robert Fitzwalter became the military commander, and the Earl of Winchester joined him, acting as one of the chief authors of Magna Carta and negotiators with John; both cousins were among the 25 guarantors of the Magna Carta.[5] De Quincy fought against John in the troubles that followed the sealing of the Charter, and, again with Fitzwalter, travelled to France to invite Prince Louis of France to take the English throne. He and Fitzwalter were subsequently among the most committed and prominent supporters of Louis's candidature for the kingship, against both John and the infant Henry III.[6]
The Fifth Crusade
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When military defeat cleared the way for Henry III to take the throne, de Quincy went on crusade, perhaps in fulfilment of an earlier vow. In 1219 he left to join the Fifth Crusade, then besieging Damietta.[7] While in the east, he fell sick and died. He was buried in Acre, the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, rather than in Egypt, and his heart was brought back and interred at Garendon Abbey near Loughborough, a house endowed by his wife's family.
Family
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The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest, and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelt in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.
The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz, stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland by Maud of Northumbria. This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy. It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard, Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.
Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion. By 1170 he had married Orabilis, heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife, Strathearn and Lothian.
Saer de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.
Issue
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Sometime between 1188 and 1193 de Quincy married Margaret, youngest daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester.[2] By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Earl Saer had:
Lora, who married Sir William de Valognes, Chamberlain of Scotland.
Arabella, who married Sir Richard Harcourt.
Robert (died 1217); before 1206 he married Hawise of Chester, 1st Countess of Lincoln, sister and co-heiress of Randolph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester.
Roger, who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death).[8]
Robert de Quincy [de] (second son of that name; died 1257), who married Elen, daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.
Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford.
Mary, who married Hugh le Despenser (sheriff).
Janet, who married Dougall de Seton.
Peerage of England
New creation Earl of Winchester
1207–1219 Succeeded by
Roger de Quincy
References
Complete Peerage p.747
Grosseteste 2010, p. 65.
CP p.749
Poole 1993, p. 470.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Winchester, Earls and Marquesses of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 703.
Carpenter 1990, p. 35.
Tout 1969, p. 13.
Maddicott 1994, p. 3.
Sources
Carpenter, David A. (1990). The Minority of Henry III. University of California Press.
Grosseteste, Robert (2010). The Letters of Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln. Translated by Mantello, F.A.C.; Goering, Joseph. University of Toronto Press.
Maddicott, J. R. (1994). Simon de Montfort. Cambridge University Press.
Poole, Austin Lane (1993). From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087-1216. Oxford University Press.
Tout, Thomas Frederick (1969). The History of England from the Accession of Henry III to the Death of Edward III, 1216-1377. Greenwood Press.
Background reading
"Winchester", in The Complete Peerage, 2nd ed., ed. G.E.C. et al., Vol.12ii. pp. 745–751
Sidney Painter, "The House of Quency, 1136-1264", Medievalia et Humanistica, 11 (1957) 3–9; reprinted in his book Feudalism and Liberty
Grant G. Simpson, "An Anglo-Scottish Baron of the Thirteenth century: the Acts of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland" (Unpublished PhD Thesis, Edinburgh 1963).
Frederick Lewis Weis, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 (7th Edition, 1992,), 58–60.
External links
Medieval Lands Project on Saher de Quincy
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Medieval Lands Project
SAHER [IV] de Quincy, son of ROBERT de Quincy & his first wife Orabilis of Mar ([1165/70]-Damietta 3 Nov 1219, bur Acre). "…Robertus de Quinci, Seierus de Quinci…" were the first two lay witnesses of the charter dated 1200 which records the foundation of Inchaffray Abbey by "Gilbertus filius Ferthead…comes de Stradern et…Matilidis filia Willelmi de Aubengni comitissa"[34]. "…Seier de Quinci…" subscribed the undated charter under which "Comes David frater regis Scottorum" founded Lindores Abbey[35]. "Seerus de Quinci" confirmed the donation of "Davac Icthar Hathyn" made by "matris mea" to St Andrew´s priory by undated charter witnessed by "…Roberto de Quincy patre meo…Constant et Patricio filiis Nesii avi mei…"[36]. He was created Earl of Winchester before 10 Feb 1207. "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "ecclesiam de Gasc" to Inchaffray Abbey, for the souls of "patris nostri bone memorie Roberti de Quency et…matris nostre Orable et…Roberti de Quency primogeniti nostri et…Margarete uxoris nostre" by charter dated to [1210/13][37]. "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "totam terram de Duglyn", held by "Nesus filius Willelmi avus meus" to Cambuskenneth priory, with the consent of "Robert filii mei", by undated charter[38]. He supported the barons against King John and was one of the 25 men chosen in Jun 1215 to enforce obedience of Magna Carta, being excommunicated by the Pope in Dec 1215. He went with Robert FitzWalter to invite Louis de France to England in early 1216, his lands being seized by King John as a consequence and granted to William Marshal, son of the Earl of Pembroke. He returned to the allegiance of King Henry III in Sep 1217 and his lands were restored to him 29 Sep 1217. "Saherus de Quinc[y] comes Wintonie" confirmed a donation of property "in territorio de Gask" to Inchaffray Abbey by charter dated to [1218][39]. "Seyerus de Quinci comes Wintonie" donated revenue from "molendino meo de Locres" to St Andrew´s priory, with the consent of "Rogeri filii et heredis mei", by undated charter, dated to [1217/18], witnessed by "Rogero de Quinci herede meo, Simone de Quinci persona de Louchres, Patricio filio Nesii…Simonis de Quinci"[40]. He joined the Crusade in 1219 and died at the siege of Damietta[41]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records that “dominus Saerus de Quyncy comes Wyntonie et Robertus filius Willielmi de Havercourt et Willielmus comes de Arundell” travelled to “Terram Sanctam” in 1219 and that Saher died on the journey “III Nov Nov” and was buried “apud Acres”, his heart being burned and later buried at Garendon[42]. The Annals of Dunstable record that “comes Wintoniæ” took the cross in 1219 but died, adding in a later passage that he died in 1220[43]. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the death in 1220 of "Saerus de Quenci comes Wintoniensis" while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem[44]. Matthew Paris records the death in 1220 of “Saerus de Quinci comes Wintoniensis”[45].
m (before 1190) MARGARET of Leicester, daughter of ROBERT de Beaumont Earl of Leicester & his wife Pernelle de Grantmesnil ([before 1172][46]-[12/15] Jan or 12 Feb 1235). A history of the foundation of St Mary´s abbey, Leicester names “Amiciam primogenitam…et Margaritam juniorem” as the two daughters of “Robertus” and his wife “Petronillam filiam Hugonis de Grantmenyl”, adding that Margaret married “Sayero de Quincy”[47]. "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "ecclesiam de Gasc" to Inchaffray Abbey, for the souls of "patris nostri bone memorie Roberti de Quency et…matris nostre Orable et…Roberti de Quency primogeniti nostri et…Margarete uxoris nostre" by charter dated to [1210/13][48]. The Pipe Roll 1223 records “Margareta comitissa Wint” owing “ut Hawisia filia sua maritetur Hugoni f. et heredi R. de Veer comitis Oxon” in Essex/Hertfordshire[49]. A charter of King Edward I confirmed donations to Garendon Abbey among which by “Margareta…comitissa Wyntoniæ, soror Roberti comitis Leycestriæ”[50]. The necrology of the monastery of Ouche records the death "12 Jan" of "Margarita comitissa Wintonyæ"[51]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “XVIII Kal Feb” of “Margareta comitissa Wintonie et mater...Rogeri de Quyncy”[52].
Saher [IV] & his wife had [eight] children:
1. ROBERT ([1187/90][53]-London 25 Apr 1217, bur Garendon). "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "ecclesiam de Gasc" to Inchaffray Abbey, for the souls of "patris nostri bone memorie Roberti de Quency et…matris nostre Orable et…Roberti de Quency primogeniti nostri et…Margarete uxoris nostre" by charter dated to [1210/13][54]. The husband of Hawise of Chester was, according to the Complete Peerage, either Robert son of Robert de Quincy[55] (about whose existence there appears to be no other evidence) or Robert eldest son of Saher de Quincy Earl of Winchester[56]. However, the (undated) charter of Saher Earl of Winchester, relating to the grant of Bukby, Grantesset, Bradcham and Herdwick resolves the matter conclusively as it clearly states that Hawise was the wife of his eldest son Robert[57]. "Seherus de Quency comes Wintonie" donated "totam terram de Duglyn", held by "Nesus filius Willelmi avus meus" to Cambuskenneth priory, with the consent of "Robert filii mei", by undated charter[58]. Robert was excommunicated with his father in Dec 1215. The Annals of Waverley record the death in 1217 of “Robertus de Quinci, filius Seeri de Quinci”[59]. The necrology of Garendon abbey (Leicestershire) records the death “die Sancti Marci Evangeliste” 1264 of “dominus Rogerus de Quyncy comes Wintonie filius et heres...Saeri de Quyncy et Margarete sororis Roberti comitis Leyc” and his burial at Garendon[60]. He was accidentally poisoned through medicine prepared by a Cistercian monk[61]. m (before 1208) HAWISE of Chester, daughter of HUGH Earl of Chester & his wife Bertrade de Montfort ([1175/81][62]-[6 Jun 1241/3 Mar 1243). The Annales Londonienses record that "Ranulphus comes Cestriæ" had four sisters, of whom "quarta…Hawisia" married "Roberto de Quenci"[63]. Ctss of Lincoln [Apr 1231/1232] on the resignation of her brother of this earldom in her favour[64]. Robert & his wife had one child:
a) MARGARET (before 1208[65]-Hampstead Mar 1266, bur Clerkenwell, Church of the Hospitallers). The Annales Londonienses name "Margaretam…comitissa Lincolniæ" as the daughter of "Hawisia…de Roberto de Quency"[66]. The Annales Cestrienses record in 1221 that “Johannes constabularius Cestrie” married “filiam Roberti de Quenci neptam domini Ranulphi comitis Cestrie”[67]. A manuscript narrating the descent of Hugh Earl of Chester to Alice Ctss of Lincoln records that “Johanni de Laci constabulario Cestriæ” married “Roberto de Quincy…filiam Margaretam comitissam Lincolniæ”[68]. A manuscript history of the Lacy family records that “Johannes de Lacy primus comes Lincolniæ” married “Margaretam filiam Roberti Quincy comitis Wintoniæ nepotem Ranulphi comitis Cestriæ” after the death of his first wife[69]. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage “circa Epiphaniam Domini” in 1241 of “Walterus Marescallus comes” and “comitissam Lincolniæ…Margeriam, uxorem quondam Johannis comitis Lincolniæ”[70]. A charter dated 28 Jun 1248 records that "Margaret late Countess of Lincoln…recovered her dower out of the lands in Ireland of W[alter] Marshall late Earl of Pembroke her husband" and that the dower was "taken out of the portions of the inheritance which accrued to William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, Matilda de Kyme, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king´s custody, and Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife"[71]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king´s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[72]. "Margery countess of Lincoln and Pembroke and Richard de Wilteshir and their heirs" were granted "a yearly fair at their manor of Chelebiry" dated 7 Jun 1252[73]. The Annals of Worcester record the death in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lincolniæ”[74]. The Annals of Winchester record the death “apud Hamstede” in 1266 of “Margareta comitissa Lyncollniæ”[75]. m firstly (1221, before 21 Jun) as his second wife, JOHN de Lacy, son of ROGER de Lacy & his wife Maud de Clare ([1192]-22 Jul 1240, bur Stanlaw, later transferred to Whalley). He was created Earl of Lincoln in 1232. m secondly (6 Jan 1242) WALTER Marshal Earl of Pembroke, son of WILLIAM Marshal Earl of Pembroke & his wife Isabel Ctss of Pembroke (after 1198-1245). m thirdly (before 7 Jun 1252) RICHARD de Wiltshire, son of ---.
2. ROGER de Quincy (-25 Apr 1264, bur [Brackley]). "Seyerus de Quinci comes Wintonie" donated revenue from "molendino meo de Locres" to St Andrew´s priory, with the consent of "Rogeri filii et heredis mei", by undated charter, dated to [1217/18], witnessed by "Rogero de Quinci herede meo, Simone de Quinci persona de Louchres, Patricio filio Nesii…Simonis de Quinci"[76]. "Rogerus de Quinci filius Seyeri comitis Wintonie" confirmed his father´s donation of a mill to St Andrew´s priory by undated charter, dated to [1217/18], witnessed by "Dño Seyero patre meo comite Wintonie, Symone de Quinci persona de Louchres, Patricio filio Nesii…Gilleberto clerico, Symonis de Quinci, Henrico clerico, Symonis de Quinci"[77]. He succeeded his father in 1219 as Earl of Winchester, but was not recognised as such until after his mother's death[78]. "Rogerius de Quinci" confirmed donations of land "in territorio de Gasc", where the men of "domini patris mei comitis Wintonie" pastured animals, to Inchaffray Abbey by charter dated to [1220], witnessed by "Gilberto comite de Stratherne, Roberto et Fergus filiis suis…"[79]. He succeeded his father-in-law in 1234 as hereditary Constable of Scotland, de iure uxoris. "Rogerus de Quency constabularius Scocie et Elena uxor eius filia quondam Alani de Galweya" recognised the rights of the church of Glasgow to "villam de Edeluestune" by undated charter[80]. "Rogerus de Quincy" donated "boscum nostrum de Gleddiswod" to Dryburgh monastery, for the souls of "nostre et Alyenore sponse mee et…Alani de Galwythya et Helene filie sue quondam sponse nostro", by undated charter[81]. John of Fordun´s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records the death in 1264 of "Rogerus de Quinci comes Wincestriæ"[82]. An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency earl of Winchester", records that he died "on the day of St Mark the Evangelist" and names "Henry de Lascy aged 14 on the day of the Epiphany next, is his heir"[83]. Another writ dated 2 Nov "55 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency alias de Quinsy sometime earl of Winchester", records further details about his landholdings[84]. His earldom reverted to the crown on his death. m firstly ([before 1223]) ELLEN of Galloway, daughter of ALAN Lord of Galloway & his first wife --- de Lacy ([before 1205]-after 21 Nov 1245, bur Brackley). The Annales Londonienses name "Eleyn countesse de Wynton" as eldest of the three daughters of "la primere fille Davi" and "Aleyn de Gavei", naming "Margarete countesse de Ferreres et Eleyne la Zusche et la countesse de Bougham" as her three daughters[85]. Earl Roger's first marriage with the daughter of Alan of Galloway is recorded by Matthew Paris[86]. The Liber Pluscardensis records that the eldest daughter of "Alanus de Galway filius Rotholandi de Galway" married "Rogerus de Quinci comes Wintoniæ"[87]. The identity of Ellen’s mother as her father’s first wife is confirmed by her husband Roger de Quincy holding Kippax (linked to Alan’s first wife as shown above)[88]. Ellen’s birth and marriage dates are estimated from her daughter who married in [1238] having given birth soon after that marriage. "Elena quondam filia Alani de Galeweya" donated "villam de Edeluestune" to the church of Glasgow by undated charter[89]. "Rogerus de Quency constabularius Scocie et Elena uxor eius filia quondam Alani de Galweya" recognised the rights of the church of Glasgow to "villam de Edeluestune" by undated charter[90]. m secondly (before 5 Jun 1250) as her second husband, MATILDA de Bohun, widow of ANSELM Marshal Earl of Pembroke, daughter of HUMPHREY de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his wife Mathilde de Lusignan (-Groby, Lincolnshire 20 Oct 1252, bur Brackley80). A charter dated 19 Jan 1246 mandates the grant to "Matilda who was the wife of Anselm Marshall…[of] 60 librates of land in Ireland, for her maintenance until the king shall cause her dower to be assigned to her out of Anselm´s lands"[91]. Her death is recorded by Matthew Paris, who states that she was daughter of the Earl of Hereford but does not give her own name, that she was her husband's second wife[92]. m thirdly (before 5 Dec 1252) as her second husband, ELEANOR Ferrers, widow of WILLIAM de Vaux, daughter of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his first wife Sibyl Marshal of Pembroke (-before 20 Oct 1274, bur Leeds Priory). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names "Agnes, secunda Isabella, tertia Matilda, quarta Sibilla, quinta Johanna, sexta Alianora, septima Agatha" as the seven daughters of "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ" and his wife "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla", adding that "Alianora sexta filia" was "comitissa de Wintonia" and died childless[93]. A charter dated 26 May 1250 records the restoration of property, granted to "Margaret Countess of Lincoln", to "William de Vescy and Agnes his wife, Reginald de Moun and Isabel his wife, William de Fortibus and Matilda his wife, Francis de Boun and Sibil his wife, William de Vallibus and Alienor his wife, John de Moun and Joan his wife, Agatha de Ferrers in the king´s custody, Roger de Mortimer and Matilda his wife, and William de Cantilupe and Eva his wife"[94]. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Annals of Ireland which record that “Sibilla comitissa de Ferreys” had seven daughters (in order) “quinta, Elianora de Varis, quæ fuit uxor comitis Wintonie…”[95]. Matthew Paris records her husband's remarriage soon after the death of his second wife, but does not name his third wife[96]. "Rogerus de Quincy" donated "boscum nostrum de Gleddiswod" to Dryburgh monastery, for the souls of "nostre et Alyenore sponse mee et…Alani de Galwythya et Helene filie sue quondam sponse nostro", by undated charter[97]. She married thirdly (1267) as his second wife, Roger de Leyburn. King Edward I ordered the the escheator of Ireland to take all the lands of the deceased "Alianora widow of Roger de Quency earl of Winchester" into the hands of the king by charter dated 25 Oct 1274[98]. Earl Roger & his first wife had three children:
a) MARGARET de Quincy ([before 1223]-before 12 Mar 1281). The Annales Londonienses name "Margarete countesse de Ferreres et Eleyne la Zusche et la countesse de Bougham" as the three daughters of "Eleyn countesse de Wynton"[99]. A charter dated 3 Dec 1274 records the homage of "Margaret de Ferariis countess of Derby, eldest daughter and one of the heirs of Roger de Quency earl of Wynton" for her part of the lands "lately held in dower by Alianora de Vaux late countess of Wynton widow of the said Roger"[100]. Inquisitions after a writ "9 Edw I" following the death 15 Apr of "Margaret de Ferrariis countess of Derbeye" name her son “William de Ferrariis...”[101]. m ([1238]) as his second wife, WILLIAM de Ferrers, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Agnes of Chester (-May 1254, bur Merevale Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1247 as Earl of Derby.
b) ELLEN de Quincy (-before 20 Aug 1296). The Annales Londonienses name "Margarete countesse de Ferreres et Eleyne la Zusche et la countesse de Bougham" as the three daughters of "Eleyn countesse de Wynton", naming "Roger la Zusche" as son of "Eleyne la Zusche" and "de Roger, Aleyn"[102]. A charter dated 3 Dec 1274 records the homage of "Elena la Zusche another daughter and heir of Roger [de Quency earl of Wynton]" for her part of the lands "lately held in dower by Alianora de Vaux late countess of Wynton widow of the said Roger"[103]. Inquisitions after a writ 20 Aug "24 Edw I", following the death of "Elena la Zousche...", name “Alan la Suches [...son of Sir Roger de la Suche] aged 24 [...and more...aged 28 at the feast of St. Giles last] is her next heir” and record “Oliver la Suches” doing the service of 1 knight in Disard, Strahon and Lokeris, Fifeshire[104]. m ALAN [II] la Zouche [Justiciar of Ireland], son of ROGER [I] la Zouche & his wife Margaret --- (-killed in battle London 10 Aug 1270).
c) ELIZABETH de Quincy . The Annales Londonienses name "Margarete countesse de Ferreres et Eleyne la Zusche et la countesse de Bougham" as the three daughters of "Eleyn countesse de Wynton"[105]. A charter dated 3 Dec 1274 records the partition of the lands "lately held in dower by Alianora de Vaux late countess of Wynton widow of the said Roger" agreed by "Alexander Comyn earl of Buchan and Elizabeth his wife the third daughter of Roger [de Quency earl of Wynton]" for her part of the lands[106]. m ALEXANDER Comyn Earl of Buchan, son of WILLIAM Comyn Earl of Buchan & his wife Margaret Ctss of Buchan (-before 6 Apr 1290).
3. HAWISE ([1200/12]-3 Feb after 1263, bur Earl's Colne). "Margaret countess of Winchester" made a fine for the marriage of "Hawise her daughter…to Hugh, son and heir of R. de Vere, formerly earl of Oxford", dated [Feb] 1223[107]. Her birth date range is estimated based on her having given birth to her son in [1240], although it seems unlikely that she would have been much older than her husband. The Pipe Roll 1223 records “Margareta comitissa Wint” owing “ut Hawisia filia sua maritetur Hugoni f. et heredi R. de Veer comitis Oxon” in Essex/Hertfordshire[108]. m (after 11 Feb 1223) HUGH de Vere Earl of Oxford, son of ROBERT de Vere Earl of Oxford & his wife Isabel de Bolebec ([1210]-before 23 Dec 1263, bur Earl's Colne).
4. LORETA . The Complete Peerage names “Lorette m William de Valoynes of Panmure, co. Forfar, chamberlain of Scotland” as sister of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester but does not cite the corresponding source[109]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. m WILLIAM de Valoignes of Panmure, co. Forfar, Chamberlain of Scotland, son of PHILIP de Valoignes & his first wife --- (-1219).
5. [--- de Quincy . Her parentage and marriage are suggested by the order dated 3 Feb 1223 under which King Henry III delivered "to Roger de Quency...the ward of the land of Sibilla de Valeines in Torpenno...the custody of which pertains to Roger by reason of Eustace de Stuteville, son and heir of said Sibilla, being in ward of Roger”[110]. Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester was the brother of Loreta, wife of William de Valoignes (see above), who was the older brother of Sibylla. However, that relationship would not have justified Roger’s wardship of Sibylla’s minor son after she died. Many examples have been noted of a father marrying, as his second wife, the sister of the wife of his son and this may be another such case. m as his second wife, PHILIP de Valoignes, son of son of ROGER de Valognes & his wife Agnes --- (-5 Nov 1215, bur Melrose Abbey).]
6. ROBERT ([1217/19]-Aug 1257). The Complete Peerage names him as younger brother of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester but does not cite the corresponding source[111]. The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. He is named “Roberto [de Quinci]” in the Annals of Dunstable when recording his marriage[112]. His birth date range is suggested on the assumption that he was born after the death of his older brother also called Robert, although his mother would have been over 45 years old at the time. m (1237 before 5 Dec) as her second husband, HELEN of Wales, widow of JOHN "the Scot" Earl of Huntingdon and Chester, daughter of LLYWELLYN ap Iorwerth Fawr ("the Great") Prince of Wales & his second/third wife Joan [illegitimate daughter of John King of England] (-1253 before 24 Oct). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Johannes comes Cestriæ” died in 1237 and “eius uxor…filia Lewelini” married “Roberto [de Quinci]” against her father´s wishes[113]. A writ after the death of "Eleanor, sometime the wife of John Earl of Chester", dated "the eve of St Martin 38 Hen III", records the "partition of her lands between Si J. de Bayllol, Robert de Brus, and Henry de Hasting, the heirs of the said earl"[114]. Robert & his wife had three children:
a) ANNE . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified. A nun.
b) JOAN de Quincy (-25 Nov 1284). An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency earl of Winchester", records that "Joan, wife of Humphrey de Boum the younger of full age, and Hawis, within age, daughters of the late Robert de Quency" were his heirs in the manor of "Styventon alias Steventon [Bedford]"[115]. A writ dated 15 Dec "12 Edw I", after the death of "Joan late the wife of Humphrey de Boun alias de Bohun", records that she died "on Thursday the feast of St Katherine 12 Edw I" and that "Hawis her sister, late the wife of Baldwin Wake, is her next heir and of full age"[116]. m as his second wife, HUMPHREY [VI] de Bohun, son of HUMPHREY [V] de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex & his first wife Maud de Lusignan (-Beeston Castle, Cheshire 27 Oct 1265, bur Combermere Abbey).
c) HAWISE ([1250]-before 27 Mar 1285). An undated writ "48 Hen III", after the death of "Roger de Quency earl of Winchester", records that "Joan, wife of Humphrey de Boum the younger of full age, and Hawis, within age, daughters of the late Robert de Quency" were his heirs in the manor of "Styventon alias Steventon [Bedford]"[117]. A writ dated 15 Dec "12 Edw I", after the death of "Joan late the wife of Humphrey de Boun alias de Bohun", records that she died "on Thursday the feast of St Katherine 12 Edw I" and that "Hawis her sister, late the wife of Baldwin Wake, is her next heir and of full age"[118]. m (before 5 Feb 1268) as his second wife, BALDWIN Wake, son of HUGH Wake & his wife Joan de Stuteville ([1237/38]-before 10 Feb 1282).
7. JOHN . He is named in the Brackley charters[119]. His position in the order of birth of his siblings is unknown, but he may have been older than his brother Robert (the younger) if the speculation about the latter's date of birth (see above) is correct.
8. ORABILIS . A manuscript relating to Ranton Priory, Staffordshire records that “Ricardo de Harecourt” married “Orabillam sororem Rogeri de Quinci”, and lists their descendants[120]. m RICHARD [I] de Harcourt, son of WILLIAM [I] de Harcourt & his wife Alice Noel.
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Saint Louis took two crusades, one in 1248-1249 and again in 1270. On June 12, 1248, Louis left Paris, accompanied by his wife and three brothers. Their immediate objective was Egypt, whose Sultan, Melek Selah, had been overrunning Palestine. Damietta, at the mouth of one of the branches of the Nile, was easily taken. Louis and the Queen, accompanied by his brothers, the nobles, and prelates, made a solemn entry into the city, singing "Te Deum". The King issued orders that all acts of violence committed by his soldiers should be punished and restitution made to the persons injured. He forbade the killing of any infidel taken prisoner, and gave directions that all who might desire to embrace the Christian faith should be given instruction, and, if they wished it, baptized. Yet as long as the army was quartered around Damietta, many of his soldiers fell into debauchery and lawlessness. The rising of the Nile and the summer heat made it impossible for them to advance and follow up their success. After six months they moved forward to attack the Saracens on the opposite side of the river, in Mansourah. The ranks of the crusaders were thinned more by disease than by combat. In April, 1250, Louis himself, weakened by dysentery, was taken prisoner, and his army was routed.
In Louis IX of France were united the qualities of a just and upright sovereign, a fearless warrior, and a saint. This crusading king was a living embodiment of the Christianity of the time: he lived for the welfare of his subjects and the glory of God. His father was Louis VIII, of the Capet line, and his mother was the redoubtable Queen Blanche, daughter of King Alfonso of Castile and Eleanor of England. Louis, the oldest son,* was born at Poissy on the Seine, a little below Paris, on April 25,1214, and there was christened. Much of his virtue is attributed to his mother's care, for the Queen devoted herself to her children's education. Louis had tutors who made him a master of Latin, taught him to speak easily in public and write with dignity and grace. He was instructed in the arts of war and government and all other kingly accomplishments. But Blanche's primary concern was to implant in him a deep regard and awe for everything related to religion. She used often to say to him as he was growing up, "I love you my dear son, as much as a mother can love her child; but I would rather see you dead at my feet than that you should commit a mortal sin." Louis never forgot his upbringing. His friend and biographer, the Sieur de Joinville,[1] who accompanied him on his first crusade to the Holy Land, relates that the King once asked him, "What is God?" Joinville replied, "Sire, it is that which is so good that there can be nothing better." "Well," said the King, "now tell me, would You rather be a leper or commit a mortal sin?" The spectacle of the wretched lepers who wandered along the highways of medieval Europe might well have prompted a sensitive conscience to ask such a question. "I would rather commit thirty mortal sins," answered Joinville, in all candor, "than be a leper." Louis expostulated with him earnestly for making such a reply. "When a man dies," he said, "he is healed of leprosy in his body; but when a man who has committed a mortal sin dies he cannot know of a certainty that he has in his lifetime repented in such sort that God has forgiven him; wherefore he must stand in great fear lest that leprosy of sin last as long as God is in Paradise." After a reign of only three years, Louis VIII died, and Queen Blanche was declared regent for her eleven-year-old son. To forestall an uprising of restless nobles, she hastened the ceremony of Louis' coronation, which took place at Rheims on the first Sunday of Advent, 1226. The boy was tall, and mature for his age, yet he trembled as he took the solemn oath; he asked of God courage, light, and strength to use his authority well, to uphold the divine honor, defend the Church, and serve the good of his people. The ambitious barons, who were not present at the coronation, were soon making extravagant demands for more privileges and lands, thinking to take advantage of the King's youth. But they reckoned without the Queen; by making clever alliances, she succeeded in overcoming them on the battlefield, so that when Louis assumed control some years later, his position was strong. In May, 1234, Louis, then twenty, married Margaret, the oldest daughter of Raymond Beranger, Count of Provence. They had eleven children, five sons and six daughters. This line continued in power in France for five hundred years. In 1793, as the guillotine fell on Louis XVI, it will be recalled that the Abbe Edgeworth murmured: "Son of St. Louis, ascend to Heaven!" After taking the government of the realm into his hands, one of the young King's first acts was to build the famous monastery of Royaumont, with funds left for the purpose by his father. Louis gave encouragement to the religious orders, installing the Carthusians in the palace of Vauvert in Paris, and assisting his mother in founding the convent of Maubuisson. Ambitious to make France foremost among Christian nations, Louis was overjoyed at the opportunity to buy the Crown of Thorns and other holy relics from the Eastern Emperor at Constantinople. He sent two Dominican friars to bring these sacred objects to France, and, attended by an impressive train, he met them at Sens on their return. To house the relics, he built on the island in the Seine named for him, the shrine of Sainte-Chapelle, one of the most beautiful examples of Gothic architecture in existence. Since the French Revolution it stands empty of its treasure. Louis loved sermons, heard two Masses daily, and was surrounded, even while traveling, with priests chanting the hours. Though he was happy in the company of priests and other men of wisdom and experience, he did not hesitate to oppose churchmen when they proved unworthy. The usual tourneys and festivities at the creation of new knights were magnificently celebrated, but Louis forbade at his court any diversion dangerous to morals. He allowed no obscenity or profanity. "I was a good twenty-two years in the King's company," writes Joinville, "and never once did I hear him swear, either by God, or His Mother, or His saints. I did not even hear him name the Devil, except if he met the word when reading aloud, or when discussing what had been read." A Dominican who knew Louis well declared that he had never heard him speak ill of anyone. When urged to put to death the rebel son of Hugh de la Marche, he would not do so, saying, "A son cannot refuse to obey his father's orders." In 1230 the King forbade all forms of usury, in accordance with the teachings of the Christian religion. Where the profits of the Jewish and Lombard money-lenders had been exorbitant, and the original borrowers could not be found, Louis exacted from the usurers a contribution towards the crusade which Pope Gregory was then trying to launch. He issued an edict that any man guilty of blasphemy should be branded. Even the clergy objected to the harshness of this penalty, and later, on the advice of Pope Clement IV, it was reduced to a fine, or flogging, or imprisonment, depending on circumstances. Louis protected vassals and tenants from cruel lords. When a Flemish count hanged three children for hunting rabbits in his woods, he had the man imprisoned, and tried, not by his peers, as was the custom, but by ordinary civil judges, who condemned him to death. Louis spared the count's life, but fined him heavily and ordered the money spent on religious and charitable works. He forbade private wars between his feudal vassals. In his dealings with other great princes, he was careful not to be drawn into their quarrels. If, when putting down a rebellion, he heard of damage inflicted on innocent people, by his or the enemy's forces, he invariably had the matter examined and full restitution paid. Barons, prelates, and foreign princes often chose him to arbitrate their disputes. A rising of the nobles in the southwest occurred in 1242, but the King's armies quickly put it down, although Henry III of England had come to their aid. After recovering from a violent fever in 1244, Louis announced his long-cherished intention of undertaking a crusade to the East. Although his advisers urged him to abandon the idea, he was not to be moved from his decision. Elaborate preparations for the journey and settling certain disturbances in the kingdom caused him to postpone his departure for three and a half years. All benefices in Christendom were ordered taxed a twentieth of their income for three years for the relief of the Holy Land. Blanche was to be regent during the King's absence. On June 12, 1248, Louis left Paris, accompanied by his wife and three brothers. Their immediate objective was Egypt, whose Sultan, Melek Selah, had been overrunning Palestine. Damietta, at the mouth of one of the branches of the Nile, was easily taken. Louis and the Queen, accompanied by his brothers, the nobles, and prelates, made a solemn entry into the city, singing . The King issued orders that all acts of violence committed by his soldiers should be punished and restitution made to the persons injured. He forbade the killing of any infidel taken prisoner, and gave directions that all who might desire to embrace the Christian faith should be given instruction, and, if they wished it, baptized. Yet as long as the army was quartered around Damietta, many of his soldiers fell into debauchery and lawlessness. The rising of the Nile and the summer heat made it impossible for them to advance and follow up their success. After six months they moved forward to attack the Saracens on the opposite side of the river, in Mansourah. The ranks of the crusaders were thinned more by disease than by combat. In April, 1250, Louis himself, weakened by dysentery, was taken prisoner, and his army was routed. During his captivity. the King recited the Divine Office every day with two chaplains and had the prayers of the Mass read to him. He met insults with an air of majesty which awed his guards. In the course of negotiations for his liberation, the Sultan was murdered by his emirs. The King and his fellow prisoners were released, though the sick and wounded crusaders left in Damietta were slain. With the remnant of his army Louis then sailed to the Syrian coast and remained in that region until 1254, fortifying the cities of Acre, Jaffa, Caesarea, and Tyre, which as yet remained in Christian hands. He visited the Holy Places that were in the possession of Christians, encouraging their garrisons, and doing what he could to strengthen their defenses. Not until news was brought him of the death of his mother did he feel that he must return to France. He had now been away almost six years, and even after his return, he continued to wear the cross on his shoulder to show his intention of going back to succor the Eastern Christians. Their position worsened, and within a few years Nazareth, Caesarea, Jaffa, and Antioch had been captured.
Louis sailed with his forces from Aigues-Mortes, at the mouth of the Rhone, on July 1, 1270, heading for Tunis, where, he had been told, the emir was ready to be converted and join the expedition to win back the Holy Places. The crusade was a dismal failure. On landing at Carthage, Louis learned to his dismay that the information about the emir was false. He decided to wait there for reinforcements from the King of Sicily. Dysentery and other diseases broke out among the crusaders, and Louis' second son, who had been born at Damietta during the earlier crusade, died. That same day the King and his eldest son, Philip, sickened, and it was soon apparent that Louis would not recover. He was speechless all the next morning, but at three in the afternoon he said, "Into Thy hands I commend my spirit," and quickly breathed his last. His bones and heart were taken back to France and kept enshrined in the abbey-church of St. Denis, until they were scattered at the time of the Revolution. Louis was strong, idealistic, austere, just; his charities and foundations were notable, and he went on two crusades. Little wonder that a quarter of a century after his death the process of canonization was started and quickly completed the man who was "every inch a king" became a saint of the Church in 1297, twenty-seven years after his death.
St. Louis's relations with the Church of France and the papal Court have excited widely divergent interpretations and opinions. However, all historians agree that St. Louis and the successive popes united to protect the clergy of France from the encroachments or molestations of the barons and royal officers. It is equally recognized that during the absence of St. Louis at the crusade, Blanche of Castile protected the clergy in 1251 from the plunder and ill-treatment of a mysterious old marauder called the "Hungarian Master" who was followed by a mob of armed men — called the "Pastoureaux." The "Hungarian Master" is said to have died in an engagement near Villaneuve and the entire band of his followers pursued in every direction was dispersed and annihilated.
St. Louis led an exemplary life, bearing constantly in mind his mother's words: "I would rather see you dead at my feet than guilty of a mortal sin." His biographers have told us of the long hours he spent in prayer, fasting, and penance, without the knowledge of his subjects. The French king was a great lover of justice. French fancy still pictures him delivering judgements under the oak of Vincennes. It was during his reign that the "court of the king" (curia regis) was organized into a regular court of justice, having competent experts, and judicial commissions acting at regular periods. These commissions were called parlements and the history of the "Dit d'Amiens" proves that entire Christendom willingly looked upon him as an international judiciary. It is an error, however, to represent him as a great legislator; the document known as "Etablissements de St. Louis" was not a code drawn up by order of the king, but merely a collection of customs, written out before 1273 by a jurist who set forth in this book the customs of Orléans, Anjou, and Maine, to which he added a few ordinances of St. Louis.
St. Louis was a patron of architecture. The Sainte Chappelle, an architectural gem, was constructed in his reign, and it was under his patronage that Robert of Sorbonne founded the "Collège de la Sorbonne," which became the seat of the theological faculty of Paris.
He was renowned for his charity. The peace and blessings of the realm come to us through the poor he would say. Beggars were fed from his table, he ate their leavings, washed their feet, ministered to the wants of the lepers, and daily fed over one hundred poor. He founded many hospitals and houses: the House of the Felles-Dieu for reformed prostitutes; the Quinze-Vingt for 300 blind men (1254), hospitals at Pontoise, Vernon, Compiégne.
The Enseignements (written instructions) which he left to his son Philip and to his daughter Isabel, the discourses preserved by the witnesses at judicial investigations preparatory to his canonization and Joinville's anecdotes show St. Louis to have been a man of sound common sense, possessing indefatigable energy, graciously kind and of playful humour, and constantly guarding against the temptation to be imperious.
St. Louis's canonization was proclaimed at Orvieto in 1297, by Boniface VIII. Of the inquiries in view of canonization, carried on from 1273 till 1297, we have only fragmentary reports published by Delaborde ("Mémoires de la société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ilea de France," XXIII, 1896) and a series of extracts compiled by Guillaume de St. Pathus, Queen Marguerite's confessor, under the title of "Vie Monseigneur Saint Loys" (Paris, 1899).
The above has been excerpted from a paper by Kevin Knight of the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia, URL http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09368a.htm and from "Lives of Saints", Published by John J. Crawley & Co., Inc.
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Last Instructions to his Eldest Son
Then he [Louis] called my Lord Philip, his son, and commanded him, as if by testament, to observe all the teachings he had left him, which are hereinafter set down in French, and were, so it is said, written with the king's own saintly hand:
"Fair son, the first thing I would teach thee is to set thine heart to love God; for unless he love God none can be saved. Keep thyself from doing aught that is displeasing to God, that is to say, from mortal sin. Contrariwise thou shouldst suffer every manner of torment rather than commit a mortal sin.
"If God send thee adversity, receive it in patience and give thanks to our Saviour and bethink thee that thou hast deserved it, and that He will make it turn to thine advantage. If He send thee prosperity, then thank Him humbly, so that thou becomest not worse from pride or any other cause, when thou oughtest to be better. For we should not fight against God with his own gifts.
"Confess thyself often and choose for thy confessor a right worthy man who knows how to teach thee what to do, and what not to do; and bear thyself in such sort that thy confessor and thy friends shall dare to reprove thee for thy misdoings. Listen to the services of Holy Church devoutly, and without chattering; and pray to God with thy heart and with thy lips, and especially at Mass when the consecration takes place. Let thy heart be tender and full of pity toward those who are poor, miserable, and afflicted, and comfort and help them to the utmost of thy power.
"Maintain the good customs of thy realm and abolish the bad. Be not covetous against thy people and do not burden them with taxes and imposts save when thou art in great need.
"If thou hast any great burden weighing upon thy heart, tell it to thy confessor or to some right worthy man who is not full of vain words. Thou shalt be able to bear it more easily.
"See that thou hast in thy company men, whether religious or lay, who are right worthy and loyal and not full of covetousness, and confer with them oft; and fly and eschew the company of the wicked. Hearken willingly to the Word of God and keep it in thine heart, and seek diligently after prayers and indulgences. Love all that is good and profitable and hate all that is evil, wheresoever it may be.
"Let none be so bold as to say before thee any word that would draw or move to sin, or so bold as to speak evil behind another's back for pleasure's sake; nor do thou suffer any word in disparagement of God and of His saints to be spoken in thy presence. Give often thanks to God for all the good things he has bestowed on thee, so that thou be accounted worthy to receive more.
"In order to do justice and right to thy subjects, be upright and firm, turning neither to the right hand nor to the left, but always to what is just; and do thou maintain the cause of the poor until such a time as the truth is made clear. And if anyone has an action against thee, make full inquiry until thou knowest the truth; for thus shall thy counsellors judge the more boldly according to the truth, whether for thee or against.
"If thou holdest aught that belongeth to another, whether by thine own act or the act of thy predecessors, and the matter be certain, make restitution without delay. If the matter be doubtful, cause inquiry to be made by wise men diligently and promptly.
"Give heed that thy servants and thy subjects live under thee in peace and uprightness. Especially maintain the good cities and commons of thy realm in the same estate and with the same franchises as they enjoyed under thy predecessors; and if there be aught to amend, amend and set it right, and keep them in thy favor and love. For because of the power and wealth of the great cities, thine own subjects, and especially thy peers and thy barons and foreigners also will fear to undertake aught against thee.
"Love and honor all persons belonging to Holy Church, and see that no one take away or diminish the gifts and alms paid to them by thy predecessors. It is related of King Philip, my grandfather, that one of his counsellors once told him that those of Holy Church did him much harm and damage in that they deprived him of his rights, and diminished his jurisdiction, and that it was a great marvel that he suffered it; and the good king replied that he believed this might well be so, but he had regard to the benefits and courtesies that God had bestowed on him, and so thought it better to abandon some of his rights than to have any contention with the people of Holy Church.
"To thy father and mother thou shalt give honor and reverence, and thou shalt obey their commandments. Bestow the benefices of Holy Church on persons who are righteous and of a clean life, and do it on the advice of men of worth and uprightness.
"Beware of undertaking a war against any Christian prince without great deliberation; and if it has to be undertaken, see that thou do no hurt to Holy Church and to those that have done thee no injury. If wars and dissensions arise among thy subjects, see that thou appease them as soon as thou art able. "Use diligence to have good provosts and bailiffs, and inquire often of them and of those of thy household how they conduct themselves, and if there be found in them any vice of inordinate covetousness or falsehood or trickery. Labor to free thy land from all vile iniquity, and especially strike down with all thy power evil swearing and heresy. See to it that the expense of thy household be reasonable.
"Finally, my very dear son, cause Masses to be sung for my soul, and prayers to be said throughout thy realm; and give to me a special share and full part in all the good thou doest. Fair, dear son, I give thee all the blessings that a good father can give to his son. And may the blessed Trinity and all the saints keep and defend thee from all evils; and God give thee grace to do His will always, so that He be honored in thee, and that thou and I may both, after this mortal life is ended, be with Him together and praise Him everlastingly. Amen."
The above sourced in Joinville, "Chronicle of the Crusade of St. Lewis", contained in "Memoirs of the Crusades", Everyman Edition.
The best contemporary account of Louis is contained in the "Memoirs of Sieur de Joinville".
Feastday: August 25 Patron of Third Order of St. Francis, France, French monarchy; hairdressers | Saint Louis IX. King of France (I2062)
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Saint Mathilda (or Matilda) (c. 895 – 14 March 968) was the wife of King Henry I of Germany, the first ruler of the Saxon Ottonian (or Liudolfing) dynasty, thereby Duchess consort of Saxony from 912 and German Queen from 919 until 936. Their eldest son Otto succeeded his father as German King and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962. Matilda's surname refers to Ringelheim, where her comital Immedinger relatives established a convent about 940.
The details of Saint Matilda's life come largely from brief mentions in the Res gestae saxonicae of the monastic historian Widukind of Corvey (c. 925 – 973), and from two sacred biographies (the vita antiquior and vita posterior) written, respectively, circa 974 and circa 1003.
St. Mathilda was the daughter of the Westphalian count Dietrich and his wife Reinhild, and her biographers traced her ancestry back to the legendary Saxon leader Widukind (c. 730 – 807). One of her sisters married Count Wichmann the Elder, a member of the House of Billung.
As a young girl, she was sent to the convent of Herford, where her grandmother Matilda was abbess and where her reputation for beauty and virtue (probably also her Westphalian dowry) is said to have attracted the attention of Duke Otto I of Saxony, who betrothed her to his recently divorced son and heir, Henry the Fowler. They were married at Wallhausen in 909. As the eldest surviving son, Henry succeeded his father as Saxon duke in 912 and upon the death of King Conrad I of Germany was elected King of Germany (East Francia) in 919. He and Matilda had three sons and two daughters:
1.Hedwig (910 – 965), wife of the West Frankish duke Hugh the Great, mother of King Hugh Capet of France
2.Otto (912 – 973), Duke of Saxony, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
3.Gerberga (913 – 984), wife of (1) Duke Giselbert of Lorraine and (2) King Louis IV of France
4.Henry (919/921 – 955) was Duke of Bavaria
5.Bruno (925 – 965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorraine
After her husband had died in 936, Matilda and her son Otto established Quedlinburg Abbey in his memory, a convent of noble canonesses, where in 966 her granddaughter Matilda became the first abbess. At first she remained at the court of her son Otto, however in the quarrels between the young king and his rivaling brother Henry a cabal of royal advisors is reported to have accused her of weakening the royal treasury in order to pay for her charitable activities. After a brief exile at her Westphalian manors at Enger, where she established a college of canons in 947, Matilda was brought back to court at the urging of King Otto's first wife, the Anglo-Saxon princess Edith of Wessex.
Matilda died at Quedlinburg, she outlived her husband by 32 years. Her and Henry's mortal remains are buried at the crypt of the St. Servatius' abbey church.
Veneration:
Saint Matilda was celebrated for her devotion to prayer and almsgiving; her first biographer depicted her (in a passage indebted[citation needed] to the sixth-century vita of the Frankish queen Radegund by Venantius Fortunatus) leaving her husband's side in the middle of the night and sneaking off to church to pray. St. Mathilda founded many religious institutions, including the canonry of Quedlinburg, which became a center of ecclesiastical and secular life in Germany under the rule of the Ottonian dynasty, as well as the convents of St. Wigbert in Quedlinburg, in Pöhlde, Enger and Nordhausen in Thuringia, likely the source of at least one of her vitae.
She was later canonized, with her cult largely confined to Saxony and Bavaria. St. Mathilda's feast day according to the German calendar of saints is on March 14.
Primary sources:
Widukind, Res gestae Saxonicae, ed. Paul Hirsch and H.-E. Lohmann, Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei. MGH SS rer. Germ. in usum scholarum 60. Hanover, 1935. Available online from the Digital Monumenta Germaniae Historica
Vita Mathildis reginae antiquior (c. 974, written for her grandson Otto II), ed. Bernd Schütte. Die Lebensbeschreibungen der Königin Mathilde. MGH SS rer. Germ. in usum scholarum 66. Hanover, 1994. 107-142. Available from the Digital MGH; ed. Rudolf Koepke. MGH SS 10. 573-82; tr. in Sean Gilsdorf, Queenship and Sanctity, 71-87.
Vita Mathildis reginae posterior (c. 1003, written for her great-grandson Henry II), ed. Bernd Schütte. Die Lebensbeschreibungen der Königin Mathilde. MGH SS rer. Germ. in usum scholarum 66. Hanover, 1994. 143-202. Available from the Digital MGH; ed. Georg Pertz. MGH SS 4: 282-302; tr. in Sean Gilsdorf, Queenship and Sanctity, 88-127.
Secondary sources:
Corbet, Patrick. Les saints ottoniens. Sainteté dynastique, sainteté royale et sainteté féminine autour de l'an mil. Thorbecke, 1986.
Gilsdorf, Sean. Queenship and Sanctity: The Lives of Mathilda and the Epitaph of Adelheid. Catholic University of America Press, 2004.
Glocker, Winfrid. Die Verwandten der Ottonen und ihre Bedeutung in der Politik. Böhlau Verlag, 1989. 7-18.
Schmid, Karl. "Die Nachfahren Widukinds," Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 20 (1964): 1-47.
Schütte, Bernd . Untersuchungen zu den Lebensbeschreibungen der Königin Mathilde. MGH Studien und Texte 9. Hanover, 1994. ISBN 3-7752-5409-9.
"St. Matilda". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
Further reading:
Schlenker, Gerlinde. Königin Mathilde, Gemahlin Heinrichs I (895/96-968). Aschersleben, 2001.
Stinehart, Anne C. "Renowned Queen Mother Mathilda:" Ideals and Realities of Ottonian Queenship in the Vitae Mathildis reginae (Mathilda of Saxony, 895?-968)." Essays in history 40 (1998). | Saint Matilda (I11740)
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Samuel was Master and part owner of the ketch barge the LADY SONDES which foundered 14 August 1884 with all hands and considerable loss of life, including his own.
Samuel, born during 1840, was not one to buck the family tradition and eagerly followed in his family's footsteps towards pursuing a life on the sea. Other than as a child, he does not reappear on the census until 1881. Obviously, he spent a great deal of time away from home. However, in 1871 is the fist appearance of his family. He married Mary Ann of Deptford, circa 1864 and had at least ten children. In 1871 Mary Ann and her children were living at 30 South Road.
As at the 1881 census, Samuel and his family were still living at 30 South Road. For the first time, he was at home on census night and gave his occupation as that of mariner.
By 1891 Mary Ann, then a widow, had moved to 7 Whitstable Road. It was most likely necessary for Mary Ann to become resourceful and find remunerative work to support her large brood. On that census she was described as being a laundress. The five youngest children were living her; Frank working also, as a gardener, and Walter as a grocer's assistant. The family had also taken in a boarder, Mary Langabeer who was an elementary school teacher from Thorncliffe. The house on Whitstable Road was described as being larger than 5 rooms so it would seem that Mary Ann did well by her family doing what was required to keep them out of debt and out of the workhouse. No sign of the other children on the 1891 census and most likely the boys had moved awawy or gone to sea. Ada had possibly married.
Frederick is the only child for whom a marriage in Faversham occurs. He married Elizabeth Anne Young, 16 May 1889. At that time, Fred was working as a fireman and living at 8 Victoria Street, Stratford. | MILSTED, Samuel (I2619)
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Sarah died without issue, most likely during pregnancy or childbirth. Unfortunately, there is no entry in the parish registers that suggests that Sarah had been buried with an infant child. | GREGORY, Sarah (I2486)
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Sarah Hodges, according to the Bodeker family Bible kept for the children of Emma Hodges and Wilhelm Heinrich Michael Bodeker, died 22 July 1863 and was buried in Deptford Cemetery. She was 66 years of age at her death, placing her birth circa 1797. It is interesting to note that the original entry of the age appears to have been changed from 67 years to 66 years.
On first page of Bible inscriptions appears:
"Sarah Hills" [at the top of the page]
"October 21, 1823" [immediately beneath the name Sarah Hills but written in a different hand]
MAIDSTONE and Neighbourhood 1851
Hill Mrs. Ann, ‘Nag’s Head’, Week street
Hills Francis, beer retailer & grocer, Mote road
Hills John Hyde, tailor & woollen draper, Week street
Hills Richard, tailor, Pudding lane
Hills Thomas, ‘Red Lion’, High street
Hills Walter, plumber, Stone street
Hills William B. collector of paving rates, Brewer street
Hodges John, beer retailer, Bower place
Hodges Mrs. Sarah, beer retailer, Jeffrey street
MAIDSTONE and Neighbourhood 1832-1834
Hills, Ann, publican, Nag's Head, Week Street
MAIDSTONE and Neighbourhood 1828-29
HILLS John NAG'S HEAD Week Street
Maidstone Directory 1839
Hodges, Sarah, licensed beer seller, Jeffrey Street
Hills, Frances, Mote Road,
Hodges Mr. S. S., Boxley
1847
Hodges Sarah, Jeffery st., shopkeeper
Hills Francis, Mote road, shopkeeper
Hills Rd. Pudding lane, shopkeeper
Maidstone 1850 from Maidstone and Environs directory
Hills, Francis, baker, grocer and licensed beerseller, Mote road
Hills, Richard, grocer and tea dealer, Pudding lane
Hills, Thomas, dairyman, Pudding lane | HILLS, Sarah (I1877)
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Sarah is not mentioned in the settlement order of 1792 and therefore must have died prior to that time. | RUCK, Sarah ^ (I6730)
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Sarah was the first born child of her parents, Emmery and Rebecca. She is also first found in 1851 working as a house servant at the Three Tuns Inn on Tanner Street in Faversham. Eight lodgers in the inn on the night of the census hints that the inn was a popular and bustling place leaving the servants and hired help little time for relaxation or mischief. John Baldock, the victualler there, was her employer. I suspect that she had left her employment before her marriage to George Evernden in 1853. | MILSTED, Sarah Ann (I2683)
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Sawkins, Nicholas, of Lyminge, g., and
Jane Tylden of Willesborough, w.
At Willesborough. Dec. 5," 1603.
Sawkins, Nicholas, junior, of Wye, g.,
and Jane Tylden, junior, of Lyminge.
v. At Lyminge. April 4,
1607.
Michael Barber of Bonnington, husbandman, in £10, to appear and to keep the peace towards Ralph Knight of Aldington; surety, Nicholas Sawkins of Lyminge, gentleman.
Title: Michael Barber of Bonnington, husbandman, in £10, to appear and to keep the peace towards Ralph Knight of Aldington; surety, Nicholas Sawkins of Lyminge, gentleman.
Reference: QM/SRc/1610/141
Date: 9 Oct. 1610
Held by: Kent History and Library Centre, not available at The National Archives
Language: English
http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/39eaea4d-9e8a-4c0d-bd31-1be82285e733
Inquisitions post mortem
Reference: C 142/661/78
Description:
Sawkins, Nicholas: Kent
Date: 18 James I.
Held by: The National Archives, Kew
Legal status: Public Record(s)
http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7844558 | SAWKINS, Nicholas (I14301)
|
| 2827 |
Second marriage for Richard Hills confirms father is Francis HIlls and the correct Richard is the tailor.
Married 7 Oct 1856 at Barming to Elizabeth Mitchell, father John Mitchell. This record also confirms that Richard was a widower at the time of this marriage.
***Hills Richard 1833 Apprentice Hills Walter Tailor
Investigate Walter Hills to see if he can lead to Francis Hills, either as a brother, cousin, uncle, et cetera.
The fact that he was apprenticing in 1833 would dictate that this Richard Hills would not appear in electoral registers until his apprenticeship had ended.
Hills Richard 1828 Apprentice Cabbell William Cordwainer
Death
HILLS, RICHARD 75 Order bc 1810
GRO Reference: 1885 M Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 498
1832
#70 Francis Hills Baker Mote Road
#40 Richard Hill Cordwainer Mote Road
1835
Hills, Francis Moat Road occupation not stated
Hills, Thomas Ditto ditto
1837
Hills, Francis Baker Doctor's fields
*Hills, Richard Cordwainer Mote-road
*Hills, Robert Baker Stone-street
1841
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
***Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor) - this would coincide nicely with the end of his apprenticeship period.
1844
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1845
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1846
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1847
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1849
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1850
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1851
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1852
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1853
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1854
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1855
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1856
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1857
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1858
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1859
Hills, Francis House Mote Road victualler
Hills, Richard House 13 Pudding Lane (tailor)
1860
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
1861
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1862
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1864
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House Pudding Lane (tailor)
1865
Hills, Francis House Mote Road
Hills, Richard House 13 Pudding Lane (tailor)
1868
Hills, Francis House 29 Providence Place
Hills, Richard House 13 Pudding Lane (tailor)
1870
Hills, Francis House Mote Road, late victualler
Hills, Richard (missing 70, 71, 72)
There is difficulty in distinguishing which Richard Hills is the correct one for our family as there are two that consistently appear in census returns from 1851 to 1881. One is a cordwainer and the other is a tailor. The cordwainer lives as a lodger mostly until he appears by himself as a widower in Mote Road. The tailor lives on Pudding Lane and would match the entries in the electoral rolls. The tailor has a family, married twice and remains fairly stable throughout. Additionally, his year of birth does equate to 1810 whereas the birth year of the cordwainer equates to 1807. This now solved (Sep 5, 2018) with the discovery of the second marriage of Richard Hills to Elizabeth Mitchell in 1856. The marriage record confirms that this Richard's father was Francis Hills, and, so, I can now adopt Richard Hills the tailor into my family tree.
1851 Maidstone, Kent, England, HO107/1617, ED 1f, fol. 128, p. 8, FHL film #0193518
Household Sch. #19, High Street
Joseph Relph, head, mar, 50, shoemaker employing 6 men, born Chatham, Kent
Mary Relph, wife, mar, 46, born Rochester, Kent
Walter Relph, son, unm, 20, baker, born Brompton, Kent
James Relph, son, unm, 18, shoemaker, born Chatham, Kent
Phebe Relph, daughter, unm, 12, scholar, born Maidstone, Kent
Richard Hills, lodger, unm, 44, shoemaker, born Maidstone, Kent
1861
Maidstone, Kent, England, RG 9/500, ED6, fol. 130, p. 22, FHL film #0542650
Household Sch. #113, 10 Middle Row:
Joseph Relf, head, mar, 60, boot maker, born Gillingham, Kent
Mary Relf, wife, mar, 55, born Rochester, Kent
Phebe M. Relf, daughter, unm, 21, scholar, born Maidstone, Kent
Mary A. Relf, daughter, unm, 18, born Maidstone, Kent
Richard Hills, lodger, unm, 54, shoemaker, born Maidstone, Kent
1871
Maidstone, Kent, England, RG10/940, ED 6, fol. 97, p. 9, FHL film #0838712
Household Sch. #37, 9 Middle Row, High Street:
Joseph Relf, head, mar, 70, boot maker, born Gillingham, Kent
Mary A. Relf, wife, mar, 64, born Rochester, Kent
Richard Hills, lodger, unm, 64, boot maker, born Maidstone, Kent
1881
Maidstone, Kent, England, RG11/930, ED 3, fol. 41, p. 1, FHL film #1341222
Household Sch. #4, 58 Mote Road:
Richard Hills, head, widower, 74, formerly shoemaker, born Maidstone, Kent
This cordwainer died same year as my Richard
HILLS, RICHARD 78 Order
GRO Reference: 1885 M Quarter in MAIDSTONE Volume 02A Page 504
Only the year of estimate birth decided which entry was correct for each Richard Hills. | HILLS, Richard (I10708)
|
| 2828 |
Second Mate's Licence 11-23-1921 | HOARE, Stanley Gordon (I6218)
|
| 2829 |
Second son of Edmund Inmith, left two daughters suriving him, one married Rayner, one married Baker who inherited this property.
Inmythe, Edmund, mayor of Folkestone, KAS vol. 29, p. 227;
Cheriton. ..."Item paid unto the said Edmund for plukking down the Chapell late of Seynt Enswyth, and other iii men, vd. Summa xxd." Edmund Inmythe, the overseer of the lime at St. Enswyth Chapel, was afterwards Mayor of Folkestone, and apparently died in his year of office.
The Chapel of St. Eanswithe was in the Manor of Swetton, which adjoined the boundary of Folkestone parish.
Joan wife of Thomas KAS vol. 74, p. 205
Joan Kennet (1594-1626) married Thomas Inmith of Folkestone (1591-1658) as his first wife (M. lic 1621), she was daughter of John Kennett (AC 1609 Will), a jurat of Folkestone.
Martha Andrew (buried 24 March 1642 Folkestone), the daughter of the Mayor and MP also married twice. Firstly at Hougham 31 Jan 1609 to Walter Upton *(1584 Faversham-1629 Folkestone), a son of Nicholas Upton (AC 1596/7 Will), jurat of Faversham and secondly at Folkestone 10 Dec 1629 Thomas Inmith, yeoman and in 1642 Mayor of Folkestone, as his second wife. Her brother Thomas Andrew, who may be the child whose baptism 17 May 1582 is registered without parentage at St. Mary's Dover, was also buried at Folkestone, 5 Aug 1640 administration being granted in the CC of Canterbury 19 Oct 1640, as of Deal, gentleman, to Thomas Inmith, jurat of Folkestone and guardian of his son Richard Andrew, age 13 whose mother was probably Katherine, wife of Thomas Andrew gentleman, burines in january 1637/8 at Deal.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Folkstone's ROCKHILL School
By Sandy Hargrove, p. 51
"Mr. Griffin was operating a dairy farm on the grounds of the old Broadmead or Bredmar Manor which dated back to the Norman Conquest and was owned by Lord Radnor. ...Broadmead Manor and dairy farm was "about one mile from Folkestone on the road to the Cherry Gardens." [Mackie, Samuel Jopseh, A Handbook for Folkestone Visitors. Folkestone: J. English, 1856. page 98]
*Broadmead Manor was first known as Bredmer Manor. Its name probably originated with the family that built it during the reign of King Edward II (Plantagenet king who reigned from 1307-1327). The manor remained with descendants of the family through several generations until it was "conveyed" to William Bouverie, Earl of Radnor. [Hasted, Edward. The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent. Canterbury: W. Bristow, 1797-1801, p. 166]
If you have sent an email to the opcsubmissions address in error, please carefully review our “Contact Us” page to locate an appropriate link for your email. Please also take the time to carefully review the section on that page titled “Guidance for a successful query - please read before writing" to be sure that we may have some information that can of assistance to you. We are being inundated with emails for every manner of research data to the point that we cannot possible respond to every query. | INMITH, Edmund (I16067)
|
| 2830 |
Second son. | A’DENNE, William (I13094)
|
| 2831 |
Second son. Bishop of Winchester and a Cardinal. | GAUNT, King of England, Henry IV (I8549)
|
| 2832 |
Second wife. | BERKELEY ALIAS FITZNICHOLAS, Catherine (I15125)
|
| 2833 |
See Dorset MSS | DE DENE, Robert (I13150)
|
| 2834 |
See Europäisch Stammtafeln Band I tafel 2. | ARNULF), Arnold (St. Bishop of Metz (I8337)
|
| 2835 |
See KAS journal http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/005-1863/005-09.pdf
also of Boughton Malherbe and Bayham Abbey.
This Robert de Throwley (born: 1147, Gatton, died: 1190)
Hamo de Gatton (born: 1170, Gatton, died: 1216)
Robert de Gatton and the family lineage are mentioned in Edward Hasted's 1798 History of Kent thus:
In the reign of king Henry III. Robert de Gatton, who took his name from the lordship of Gatton, in Surry [sic], of which his ancestors had been some time owners, was in possession of the manor Thrule, and died in the 38th year of that reign, holding it by knight's service of the king, of the honor of Peverel, by reason of the escheat of that honor, &c. (fn. 2) He was succeeded in it by this eldest son Hamo de Gatton, who resided here, and served the office of sheriff in the 14th year of Edward I. His eldest son of the same name left one son Edmund, then an instant, who afterwards dying under age, his two sisters became his coheirs, and divided his inheritance, of which Elizabeth entitled her husband William de Dene to this manor, and all the rest of the estates in Kent; and Margery entitled her husband Simon de Norwood to Gatton, and all the other estates in Surry. | DE THROWLEY, Robert (I13178)
|
| 2836 |
See notes for Elizabeth Ivyson.
Very little is known of this family. The earliest ancestor appears to be this Matthew Herman born circa 1709 and buried at Faversham at the age of 87 years in 1796. The flipflop of the surname spelling between Herman and Harmon certainly hasn't helped smooth the research of this family. No christening has ever been found, despite the search through more than 200 East Kent church registers, for Matthew Hermon or Matthew Harmon. Additionally, even though he was described as "being of" Faversham at the time of his married to Elizabeth Ivyson in 1749, certainly no christening appears for him in the parish register. It is unclear why he and Elizabeth moved to Preston-next-Faversham shortly after their marriage. Neither Matthew nor Elizabeth had been born or christened at Preston.
According to the 1762 land tax assessment of Faversham a Matthew Herman occupied property owned by William Simmons in "Preston Street/Cooks Ditch". Unfortunately, an almost 20 year gap in the records harms the continuity of the tracking of this family. As of 1780 the Faversham Land Tax Assessments record a Matthew Harmon [sic] occupying property owned by Mary Simmons and subsequently Thomas Kennett, Esq. It would seem from surnames of the landlords in 1762 and in 1780 and Matthew did, indeed stay on the same property throughout the period 1763 through 1779. Another gap in the records occurs between 1785 and 1789. The assessment of 1790 indicates that a John Harmon had become co-tenant with Matthew in the same property, through to 1793 when the records cease. Simultaneously, between 1790 and 1793 Matthew Harmon is also shown as tenant of property on West Street, Faversham which belonged to Edward Hills and subsequently to the heirs of Edward Hills. This, no doubt, is the property that is referred to in the manorial court roll seen with the entry for Edward Harmon.
The men of the family all appear to have been dredgers associated with the Faversham Oyster Fishery Company.
Elizabeth, the daughter of Matthew II, married Jesse Rood, great-grandson of Onisepherous Rood who held large tracts of land throughout east Kent. Jesse and Elizabeth moved to the parish of St. Lawrence in the Isle of Thanet and proceeded to have quite a large family. Of the ten children, I have been able to track only the descendants of their son, Jesse, with relative ease. Jesse Jr.'s son, George Frederick, was still living at St. Lawrence at the time of the 1881 census. Living with him and his wife were three daughters, Lillian F., Rose E., and Florence A..
The census of 1841 enumerated a Matthew and Mary Harman living at Drayson Square. Matthew's age was was recorded as 60 years in accordance with the enumerator's instructions. Consesquently, his age would have been between 60 and 64 years. He was employed as a shipwright at that time. I believe this fellow was the son of John and Elizabeth Harman who died during January of 1842.
In 1841 also enumerated was Edward Harmon a mariner aged 45 to 49 years. He was living at the Faversham Arms along with John Milsted. By 1851 Edward, then aged 60, and a widower, was a lodger at a home on Preston Street but still described as being a mariner. I suspect that this Edward was the son of Matthew and Frances. Despite Edward being described as a widower, I have been unable to locate a marriage or children that could be associated with him.
===========================================================================
Joy L. THOMPSON and Susan Dara YOUNG are 6th cousins 1 time removed. Their common ancestors are Matthew HERMAN and Elizabeth IVYSON.
See details under Frances Herman who married James Smithers. | HERMAN, Matthew (I3209)
|
| 2837 |
See Nutt family for children and descendants of Sarah Ruck and James Thomas Nutt. | RUCK, Sarah (I2937)
|
| 2838 |
See Pedigree of Gatton KAS journal http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Pub/ArchCant/005-1863/005-09.pdf | DE GATTON, Isabella (I13560)
|
| 2839 |
See Shelley-Rolls, Bt. in Burke's Peerage, et al. | SHELLEY, Capt. George Edward (I3561)
|
| 2840 |
See Tree 1E Grills Family vol 2
South Hill GRILLS Sampson 1642 Churchwarden South Hill Protestation Returns
Day Month 18-Jun
Year 1680
Parish Or Reg District South Hill
Forename Mary
Surname GRILLS
Sex dau
Father Forename Samson
Mother Forename
Residence Mornicke
From: "Lynda Mudle-Small"
Subject: RE: [CON-GEN] GRILLS of South Hill
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 2002 17:03:08 +0100
In-Reply-To: <008501c28fe9$0fd403e0$10d30250@oemcomputer>
According to Richard Grylls two large volumes on the Grills family, Mary
GRILLS married John PARSON yeoman of Downhouse in Stoke Climsland in 1759,
there is a marriage settlement BRA 833/286. He has Mary as the daughter of
Sampson Grills of Trefinnick (South Hill) and Mary SALTREN. Sister of Mary,
Grace, also married a PARSON of Stoke Climsland, this time a George.
Lynda Mudle-Small
OPC for Linkinhorne, St Ive & South Hill
www.lynherparishes.co.uk
-----Original Message-----
From: Joy Hungerford [mailto:m.hungerford@ntlworld.com]
Sent: 19 November 2002 17:31
To: CORNISH-GEN-L@rootsweb.com
Subject: [CON-GEN] GRILLS of South Hill
Hi Listers
Just when I thought things couldn't get more complicated, I've found a
possible 5GGM, Mary GRILLS, who married John PARSONS about 1761.
I'm hoping there is a GRILLS enthusiast out there who can tell me whether
this particular Mary GRILLS is the daughter of Henry and Mary, and born in
1734, or the daughter of Sampson and Mary of Trefinnick and born in 1735.
Kind regards
Joy
---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
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Bond, Francis Grills, gentleman, Beneathwood, Linkinhorne
3 Feb 1674 | GRILLS, Mary (I15416)
|
| 2841 |
see Tylden of Milsted and Torre Hill, vol. ii, p. 383 | OSBORNE, Edward (I13619)
|
| 2842 |
See Will 1: St Teath, W1617 of William Watts, 1698, 1700 (St. Teath) which mentions Philip Cowling, my sister; Joane Colwill, my cousin; Joane Colwill, my goddaughter.
On burial she is referred to as "wife of John." | COWLING, Joan (I14920)
|
| 2843 |
See Will of her brother John Ruck of Sheldwich wherein he leaves bequests to children of Thomas Oliver "his brother-in-law". As this John was not married at the time of his death, noted by the absence of a bequest to a wife, then the only other relationship that Thomas Oliver could fill would be that of a spouse of one of John Rucke's sisters. This Johan is the only sister of John Rucke for which no marriage has been found. | OLIVER, Thomas (I14566)
|
| 2844 |
Seeking information for Henry Field and Francis (Burgess) married 18 nov 1827 Queensborough, Kent England. Belived to have Lived near Sheerness or Minster in Sheppey? 1827 to about 1841. Don't know if I have the right location??
Francis Field died 1835 Minster in Sheppey, Kent England. Three children Sarah (Female), Robert (male), and Francis (Female)Born in or near Minster??
Would like an 1841 Census With Henry the father, and children. Or any other Census that has these people
Henry George and Sarah Catherine Piper where suppose to be taking care of Henry Field's Children. Believe that Sarah Catherine is Francis's Sister??
Did Henry Geo. and Sarah have children? Piper's suppose lived in Sheerness or Minster?? 1832 to 1891.
Hope to hear from any one.
Field family imgrated to USA about 1843 - 1844.
Thanks
Shaun Carson
https://www.genealogy.com/forum/regional/countries/topics/englandcountry/152684/
FIELD HENRY AT CHARTHAM,LATE OF S/NESS,BUTCHER, DIED 1876 MAR 16TH AGED 56
on colin penney's website | FIELD, Henry (I11284)
|
| 2845 |
Seems a little too far away to be relevant:
Thomas Lacy of Whitstable, bachelor and Ann Ewell of Reculver, spinster. at St. George Canterbury or Reculver. April 10 , 1722. | Family (F4155)
|
| 2846 |
Seigneur de Bellême and Bishop of Sées, succeeded his brother Robert | DE BELLEME, Yves (I14075)
|
| 2847 |
At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Living (I10946)
|
| 2848 |
Seneschal of France 1108 | DE GARLANDE, Ansel (I14095)
|
| 2849 |
Senor of Villagera | Juan García de Padilla (I1769)
|
| 2850 |
sergeant at law, recorder of Canterbury and M.P. for Kent, who became jure uxoris "of Denne Hill" Vincent Denne died 1693, she in 1701 leaving four daughters | DENNE, Vincent (I13631)
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