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William died at age 39 | COPPEN, William (I4591)
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William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (23 November 1116 – 23 November 1183) was the son and heir of Sir Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester, and Mabel FitzRobert of Gloucester, daughter of Robert Fitzhamon and nephew of Empress Matilda.
Contents
1 Lineage
2 Early career
3 Relationship with King Henry II
4 Family and children
5 Notes
Lineage
William FitzRobert was the son of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, during whose reign William was born. Thus William was a nephew of the Empress Maud and a cousin of King Stephen, the principal combatants of the English Anarchy period. It also meant that William is the great-grandson of the famed William the Conqueror.
Early career
In October 1141, William looked after the Baronial estates, when his father fell into the hands of partisans at Winchester. His father was exchanged for King Stephen, and during his father's absence in Normandy in 1144 he served as Governor of Wareham. In 1147, he overthrew Henry de Tracy at Castle Cary.
In 1154 he made an alliance with Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, by which they agreed to aid each other against all men except Henry II of England.
FitzRobert granted Neath, a town in Glamorgan, a charter. He was Lord of the manor of Glamorgan, as well as Caerleon, residing chiefly at Cardiff Castle. It was there that in 1158 he and his wife and son were captured by the Welsh Lord of Senghenydd, Ifor Bach ("Ivor the Little") and carried away into the woods, where they were held as prisoners until the Earl redressed Ivor's grievances.
Relationship with King Henry II
In 1173 the earl took the King's part against his sons, but thereafter he appears to have fallen under suspicion, for the following year he submitted to the King, and in 1175 surrendered to him Bristol Castle. Because his only son and heir Robert died in 1166, Earl William made John, the younger son of King Henry II, heir to his earldom, in conformity with the King's promise that John should marry one of the Earl's daughters, if the Church would allow it, they being related in the third degree.
Earl William was present in March 1177 when the King arbitrated between the Kings of Castile and Navarre, and in 1178, he witnessed Henry's charter to Waltham Abbey. But during the King's struggles with his sons, when he imprisoned a number of magnates of whose loyalty he was doubtful, Earl William was among them.
Family and children
He was married to Hawise de Beaumont of Leicester, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester and Amica de Gael and had children:
Robert fitz William (1151, Cardiff, Glamorganshire – 1166, Cardiff, Glamorganshire).
Mabel fitz William, married Amaury V de Montfort, her son Amaury briefly being Earl of Gloucester
Amice fitz William, d. 1220. Married Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, their descendants eventually inherited the Earldom of Gloucester.
Isabel, Countess of Gloucester. She was married three times:
John of England
Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex, Earl of Gloucester
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent
The earl died in 1183; his wife Hawise survived him. Since their only son, Robert, predeceased his father, their daughters became co-heirs to the feudal barony of Gloucester.
Notes
William Lord of Glamorgan was also known as Robert de Wintona according to records found in English historical ledgers. | FITZROBERT, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester (I1851)
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William George Frederick RALPH and May Louise Bertha RALPH are 1st cousins. Their common ancestors are James RALPH and Jane POND. | RALPH, May Louise Bertha (I18271)
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William Harris of Hayne, younger brother. He married Jael Thomas (died 1770), a daughter of John Thomas of Tregolls in Cornwall. His daughter Jane Harris married William Arundell of Trengwainton[3] in Cornwall and her son William Arundell (later "William Arundell-Haris") became the heir to the Harris estates of Lifton and Kenegie in Gulval, Cornwall.[10] | HARRIS, William (I17435)
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| 3355 |
William I Talvas (c. 995 – 1052), seigneur of Alençon. According to Orderic Vitalis his nickname Talvas meaning shield, presumably alluded to his hardness or callousness like that of a shield. He was a member of the House of Bellême.
Contents [hide]
1 Life
2 Family
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Life[edit]
He was a son of William of Bellême and Mathilde of Condé-sur-Noireau. He held lands at Bellême, Domfront and Alençon,[1] He obtained the lands of Bellême from his brother Yves de Bellême, Bishop of Séez[a][2] who held them of the King of France while Alençon was held of the Duke of Normandy and Domfront of the Count of Maine[3]
While as treacherous and self-serving as any of his family before him he surpassed them in wickedness and cruelty.[4] He had married a Hildeburg, daughter of a nobleman named Arnulf, but he had his wife strangled on her way to church, according to Orderic, because she loved God and would not support his wickedness.[4] William married secondly a daughter of Ralf de Beaumont, Viscount of Le Mans.[5]
Among the private feuds going on during the minority of Duke William was one that erupted between William Talvas and William fitz Giroie. William fitz Giroie was a vassal of William Talvas and his father Giroie, Lord of Échauffour had assisted Talvas' father and uncle in the struggles against Herbert I Wake-dog, Count of Maine.[b] William fitz Giroie himself had greatly assisted William Talvas in obtaining his own lands, apparently by force.[4] But William fitz Giroie was also a vassal of Geoffrey de Mayenne, an adherent, in turn, of the Count of Maine. About 1044 William Talvas attacked the castle of Montaigu which was being defended by William fitz Giroie. Unable to defeat the castle William Talvas captured Geoffrey de Mayenne and held him prisoner until William Fitz Giroie destroyed the castle of Montaigu.[6] William fitz Giroie immediately razed his own castle to free his lord and in return Geoffrey de Mayenne built fitz Giroie a new castle at St. Cenery on the river Sarthe.[7] This apparently caused great resentment in William Talvas.[6]
On the occasion of his second wedding, William Talvas invited William fitz Giroie to attend. Suspecting nothing fitz Giroie while a guest at the festivities was suddenly seized by Talvas' men and imprisoned, then according to Orderic horribly mutilated and blinded before being released.[6] Somehow William Giroie survived his torture and mutilation and retired to Bec Abbey to live out the remainder of his life as a monk.[8] To avenge this atrocity the sons and kinsmen of William fitz Giroie sacked and destroyed the lands of William Talvas who would not face them in the field.[9] Finally, Talvas' son Arnulf rebelled and exiled his father, now reviled by everyone.[9] He wandered until he was taken in by the de Montgomery family whose son Roger agreed to marry his daughter Mabel in return for the lands William lost.[6] It seems certain that after the death of Arnulf the following year, that William Talvas recovered his lands.[6] William confirmed a gift to St. Aubin of Angers made by his brother Yves circa 1060-2 and after that nothing more is heard of him.[6]
Family[edit]
By Hildeburg, his first wife, William had two children:
Arnulf de Bellême, who deprived his father of his estates and wealth[5] and was dead by 1049.[7]
Mabel de Bellême, who married Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and was murdered 2 Dec 1079[10]
His second wife, a daughter of Ralf de Beaumont, may have been the mother of his son:
Oliver who after long service in the wars, became a monk at Bec.[c][5]
William Talvas is said to have cursed the infant William, later to become William the Conqueror, in his cradle predicting the child would be the downfall of the house of Bellême.[11]
Portal icon Normandy portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ While Orderic stated that William Talvas succeeded his brother Robert, Yves (a.k.a. Ivo) inherited the lands of Bellême at the death of Robert about two years before he became Bishop of Séez in 1035. William Talvas probably held the lands from his brother Yves while he was Bishop and recovered the other family lands on his own. William Talvas never was lord of Bellême as evidenced by his use of his nickname 'Talvas' instead of de Bellême. See Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), pp. 81-3.
Jump up ^ For additional information on the wars between Bishop Avesguad de Belleme and Herbert I 'Wake-Dog', Count of Maine see the articles William of Bellême and Avesgaud de Bellême.
Jump up ^ He is considered illegitimate by some sources due to his not inheriting his father's extensive lands but Geoffrey White thinks it possible he was legitimate and excluded from inheriting due to an agreement with Roger de Montgomery. See: Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 85
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jean Jacques Gautier, Histoire d'Alençon (Poulet-Malassis, Imprimeur-Libraire, Place Bourbon, 1805), p. 24
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 75
Jump up ^ W. Scott Jessee, Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, C. A. 1025-1098 (Catholic University of America Press, 2000), p. 32
^ Jump up to: a b c Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 83
^ Jump up to: a b c Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 85
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 84
^ Jump up to: a b Guy Halsall, Violence and Society in the Early Medieval West, (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, UK, 1998), p. 132
Jump up ^ François Neveux, A brief History of The Normans, Trans. Howard Curtis (Constable & Robinson, Ltd., London, 2006), p. 113
^ Jump up to: a b The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, Vol. II, Ed. & Trans. Elisabeth M.C. Van Houts (The Clarendon Press, Oxford & New York, 1995), pp. 110-12
Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, a History of the House of Lords and all its Members from the Earliest Times, Volume XI, Ed. Geoffrey H. White (The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., London, 1949), p. 686
Jump up ^ Edward Augustus Freeman, William the Conqueror(Perkins Book Company, New York, 1902), p. 33
[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_Talvas]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | DE BELLEME, William II Seigneur d'Alençon (I14057)
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William James is a mystery. I have not found the marriage of William James and Patience despite having searched over 200 registers of parishes in East Kent. The first christening of a child to William and Patience, that I have found, occurs in 1729 with William, Jr.. William, Sr. was born about 1695 if the age of 84 years that had been included in his burial entry is remotely accurate. If one assumes, for the moment, that William, Sr. was born circa 1695 then his marriage to Patience would likely have taken place sometime between 1715 and 1729, when William, Jr. is christened at Boughton-under-Blean.
There are two male James who are presumed to be children of William and Patience: Joseph, who married at Faversham during 1767 and John who married Sarah Harvey circa 1750. There is no hard evidence that exists that confirms either of these associations. However, in the case of Joseph, Sarah appears in Faversham to marry Edward Gregory about 18 months before Joseph marries Elizabeth Wraight. These are the only two James individuals in Faversham during that period. In the case of John James and Sarah Harvey, John names his second daughter Patient and his only son, William. Certainly the estimated range of years in which William, Sr. and Patience could have married leaves open the possibility of not only two unknown children but several others as well.
William, Sr. spent the majority of his adult life living in Dunkirk, an extra-parochial ville in the middle of East Kent. Given the reputation of the inhabitants of Dunkirk I have to wonder why it is that I have not been able to find any hint of a christening for William.
The description of Dunkirk that follows is a portion of the entry found in J. M. Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, 1870:
"It [Dunkirk] is an extra-parochial ville, which is also a chapelry (church built after 1838). The name Dunkirk was first given to it, about the middle of the last century [18th] by a body of squatters who took free or forcible possession of the land and who became notable for smuggling practices. Many of the persons implicated in the extraordinary outbreak of 1838, connected with Sir William Courtenay or Thoms, were inhabitants of Dunkirk."
From the manorial records (LDS Film #1850144, 1850205-06) of the manor of Darby's Court in Stalisfield it was learned that one Thomas James was a tenant during 1740. The entry in the Court Baron included a statement indicating that the manor had been rented previously by Thomas James' father. Unfortunately, the name of that individual was not recorded. Prior to the James' family occupation of the property in Stalisfield, it had been rented by one William Crowhurst. At the time of the entry in 1740 the occupier of the property was one Thomas Epps.
Also from the manorial records (LDS Film #1850205, specifically) comes the following entry: Robert Hinde and William James, 10 shillings due to the Lord of the manor for 1 messuage called "Belwin", the barns, stables, outhouses, buildings, pastures and marsh, containing approximately 80 acres at St. Thomas the Apostle in Harty. Late in the occupation of John Swift, now deceased, upon whose decease the same property came to and is now legally vested in Robert Hinde and William James. Relief due to the Lord 5 shillings a piece, which was paid, both being admitted tenants of the manor but fealty being respited inasmuch as they were both physically absent from the proceedings. | JAMES, William (I4521)
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William Jemmett died unmarried of carcinoma of the jaw with metaslisis and a contributory cause of chronic nephritis. Informant on death was his sister, M. A. Crees. | JEMMETT, William (I8005)
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William Lewington Jemmett died in the 1864 Erith Explosion. He was master of the "Good Design", one of the two sailing barges which were blown up in the accident. The mate and only other member of the crew was Luke Barber. The "Good Design" belonged to Hall's, the owners of the Faversham gunpowder factories; she displaced 36 tons and had been built at Nine Elms in 1844. The other barge was the "Harriott", crewed by the master John Dodson and the mate Daniel Wise.
On Dec 24, 1851, William Lewington Jemmett joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. | JEMMETT, William Lewington (I7550)
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William Marsh m. Alice Caroline Cheeseman Sep qtr 1875 Faversham d/ist 2a 1147
they were parents of Herbert Thomas Marsh b 1892 Preston-Fav
he married Ethel M. Gregory bc 1897 likely the daughter of Walter Lynch Gregory and Emma Sophia Bowles
Walter Lynch Gregory being the grandson of Edward Gregory and Christian Milsted through their son George, my Edward's brother.
Hilda Florence Marsh 1914-1997 married Philip George Beckett and a son Colin Philip Becket 1935-2005.
Colin Philip Beckett married Noreen Ann Stevens 1936-2006 and had Paul Steven Beckett 1963 Bridge Kent-2010.
Colin Beckett's DNA is managed by Alison Taylor in MyHeritage
Chr. 7 33.0 cm 16,768 snp
50825970 = 93629767 or rs73115442-rs77506116
AND
chr 4 9.0 cm on 5,248 snps
114153241-126205766 or rs362464-rs2663266
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 3rd cousins 1 time removed. Their common ancestors are Edward GREGORY and Christian MILSTED.
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 5th cousins. Their common ancestors are John DODD and Elizabeth ANDRES OR ANDREWS.
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 12th cousins 1 time removed. Their common ancestors are Robert AUSTEN and Elizabeth .
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 12th cousins 2 times removed. Their common ancestors are Robert AUSTEN and Elizabeth .
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 19th cousins. Their common ancestors are John de APULDERFIELD and Joan .
Colin Philip BECKETT and Lillian Loreen HILL are 19th cousins 1 time removed. Their common ancestors are John de APULDERFIELD and Joan . | BECKETT, Colin Philip (I16888)
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William Milsted was founder-member of the Old Order of Dredgers at Faversham as of 18 February 1748. The order was a local friendly society. | MILSTED, William (I2831)
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William of Bellême (960/5 – 1028) called William Princeps, was the Seigneur of Bellême and a member of the House of Bellême.
Contents [hide]
1 Life
2 Family
3 Notes
4 References
Life[edit]
William was the son of Yves de Bellême and his wife Godeheut.[1] Yves in turn was probably the son of Yves de Criel, magister balistarum (Latin meaning officer in charge of the royal siege train).[a][2]
With the consent of Richard I, Duke of Normandy William had constructed two castles, one at Alençon and the other at Domfront, while the caput of Yves' lordship was the castle of Bellême, constructed "a quarter of a league from the old dungeon of Bellême" in Maine.[3] The first mention of William in any records was in 1000 as Marshall of the king's forces when he accompanied the King of France to Toulouse, the next mention being his succeeding his father in 1005.[4] Also, in 1005 William along with his mother made several grants to local churches including the church of Boece, to which his father had founded in his castle of Bellême.[5] Initially William attempted to revoke a gift of his father to Fleury Abbey but was so impressed with the abbot Gauzlin's appeal he restored the gift and also allowed his young son Benoit to become a monk there.[6]
His brother Avesgaud, Bishop of Le Mans who was engaged in constant warfare with Herbert I, Count of Maine.[7] In 1020 Bishop Avesgaud fled to his brother's castle of Bellême after being driven out of his see by count Herbert, for which Avesgaud placed an interdict on Herbert and his lands and excommunicated the count. William joined forces with his brother Avesgaud attacking count Herbert at the castle of Ballon. At first William and Avesgaud were beaten back but Giroie (aka Géré), a vassal of William's held his ground and defeated Herbert's forces completely. William de Bellême introduced Giroie to Duke Richard at Rouen who rewarded Giroie with the lands of Heugon.[b][8]
In 1027 when Robert I, Duke of Normandy succeeded his brother Richard III, William de Bellême revolted against him. Robert laid siege to his castle of Bellême until William surrendered then had to humbly ask for forgiveness (in bare feet with a saddle on his shoulders).[4] Having been forgiven and his fief of Alençon restored, William sent his sons Fulk and Robert to harass the Normans, but they were defeated and Fulk was killed in battle at Blavon.[3]
It is worth noting that neither William nor his father Ives ever attested any of their acts using the title comes (count), indicating they had feudal authority in their own territories but were not officially invested as counts.[9]
Family[edit]
William married Mathilde of Condé-sur-Noireau. The couple had six sons:
Fulk, died in his father's lifetime.[3]
Warin, died in 1026 under mysterious circumstances.[10] He married Melisende, Vscountess of Chateaudun;[11] their daughter Adela married Rotrou, Count of Mortagne (whose grandson was Rotrou 'the Great', Count of Perche and Morgagne).[10]
Robert, succeeded his father as Seigneur de Bellême, murdered in prison.[3]
Ives, Seigneur de Bellême and Bishop of Sées, succeeded his brother Robert, died 1070.[1]
William I Talvas held the honor of Bellême in right of his brother Ives.[1]
Benoit, a monk at Fleury Abbey.[10]
His widow Mathilde along with her son William Talvas both confirmed and increased gifts of William de Bellême to the church of Bellême.[12]
Portal icon Normandy portal
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ When young Duke Richard I was being held a virtual prisoner by Louis IV, it was Ives de Criel who revealed the king's plot to kill or mutilate the boy to Osmund, the young Duke's tutor, who whisked Richard away from the king and saved him. See: Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 69
Jump up ^ For a continuation of the relations between the families of Giroie and de Bellême, see the article William I Talvas.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1989), Tafel 636
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 68
^ Jump up to: a b c d Thomas Stapleton, Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae sub Regibus Angliae, Tomis I (Sumptibus Soc. Antiq. Londinensis, Londini, 1840), p. lxxii
^ Jump up to: a b Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 78
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 76
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), pp. 76–7
Jump up ^ Jean Jacques Gautier, Histoire d'Alençon (Poulet-Malassis, Imprimeur-Libraire, Place Bourbon, 1805), p. 24
Jump up ^ Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Vol. I (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1853), p. 390
Jump up ^ Thomas Stapleton, Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae sub Regibus Angliae, Tomis I (Sumptibus Soc. Antiq. Londinensis, Londini, 1840), pp. lxxi–ii
^ Jump up to: a b c Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 79
Jump up ^ Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Trans. Thomas Forester, Volume IV (Henry G. Bohn, London, 1856), p. 110 n. 2
Jump up ^ Geoffrey H. White, 'The First House of Bellême', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 22 (1940), p. 75
[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Bell%C3%AAme]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | DE BELLEME, William Seigneur of Bellême (I14065)
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William Ros, 6th Baron Ros (c. 1370 – 1 November 1414) was a medieval English nobleman, politician and soldier. The second son of Thomas Ros, 4th Baron Ros and Beatrice Stafford, William inherited his father's barony and estates (with extensive lands centred on Lincolnshire) in 1394. He married Margaret, daughter of Baron Fitzalan, shortly afterwards. The Fitzalan family, like that of Ros, was well-connected at the local and national level. They were implacably opposed to King Richard II, and this may have soured Richard's opinion of the young Ros.
The late 14th century was a period of political crisis in England. Richard II confiscated the estates of his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Lancaster, in 1399 and exiled him. Bolingbroke invaded England several months later, and Ros took his side almost immediately. Richard's support had deserted him; Ros was alongside Henry when Richard surrendered his throne to the invader, and later voted in the House of Lords for the former king's imprisonment. Ros benefited by the new Lancastrian regime, achieving far more than he had ever done under Richard. He became an important aide and counsellor to King Henry, and regularly spoke for him in parliament. He also supported Henry in his military campaigns, participating in the invasion of Scotland in 1400 and assisting in the suppression of Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York's rebellion five years later.
In return for his loyalty to the new regime, Ros received extensive royal patronage. This included lands, grants, wardships and the right to arrange the wards' marriages. Ros performed valuable service as an adviser and ambassador (perhaps most importantly to Henry, who was often in a state of near-penury; Ros was a wealthy man, and regularly loaned the crown large amounts of money). Important as he was in government and the regions, Ros was unable to avoid the tumultuous regional conflicts and feuds which were rife at this time. In 1411 he was involved in a land dispute with a powerful Lincolnshire neighbour, and narrowly escaped an ambush; he sought—and received—redress in parliament. Partly because of Ros's restraint in not seeking the severe penalties available to him, he was described by a twentieth-century historian as a particularly wise and forbearing figure for his time.
King Henry IV died in 1413. Ros did not long survive him, and played only a minor role in government during the last year of his life. He may have been out of favour with the new king, Henry V. Henry—as Prince of Wales—had fallen out with his father a few years before, and Ros had supported King Henry over his son. William Ros died in Belvoir Castle on 1 November 1414. His wife survived him by twenty-four years; his son and heir, John, was still a minor. John later fought at Agincourt in 1415, and died childless in France in 1421. The Barony of Ros was then inherited by William's second son, Thomas, who also died in military service in France seven years after his brother.
Contents
1 Background and career under Richard II
1.1 Inheritance and marriage
2 Regime change and career under Henry IV
2.1 Local administration and political crisis
2.2 Royal favour
2.3 Regional disorder
3 Later years and death
3.1 Family and bequests
4 In Shakespeare
5 Notes
6 References
6.1 Bibliography
Background and career under Richard II
Dyptrych of King Richard II and Henry IV
King Richard II of England (left), to whose deposition de Ros acquiesced in favour of Richard's cousin: Henry Bolingbroke, who became Henry IV (right)
The exact date of William Ros's birth is unknown. He was described in 1394 as about twenty-three years old, which would place his birth year around 1370.[3] The Ros family was an important one in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire,[4][note 1] and the historian Chris Given-Wilson has described them as one of the greatest fourteenth-century baronial families to never receive an earldom.[5] Ros's father was Thomas Ros, 4th Baron Ros, who fought in the Hundred Years War under Edward III (particularly in the Poitiers campaign of 1356). Several years before William's birth, King Edward instructed Thomas Ros to remain with his army on his Irish estates "to prevent the loss and destruction of the country".[6] Thomas married Beatrice, the widow of Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl of Desmond and daughter of the first Earl of Stafford. He died in Uffington, Lincolnshire in June 1384, and his eldest son John—William's elder brother—inherited the title as fifth Baron Ros.[7]
Ros also had two younger brothers, Robert and Thomas, "of whom nothing is known".[8] John's career was brief. By 1382 he had married Mary, half-sister of the Earl of Northumberland. John fought for the new king, Richard II (heir of Edward III, who died in 1377), in the 1385–86 Scottish campaign and with the Earl of Arundel in France the following year. During the early 1390s, John made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem; he died in Paphos on 6 August 1393, on his return journey to England. John and Mary had not produced an heir, and (although he was never expected to succeed to the barony) Ros was next in line. He inherited as sixth Baron Ros, by which time he had been knighted[9] and appointed to the Privy Council.[10]
Inheritance and marriage
The Ros estates were primarily in the east and north of England. William received livery of them in January 1384,[note 2] which gave him an extensive sphere of influence around Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and eastern Yorkshire.[14] By this time, the estate had two dowager baronesses to support:[15] his deceased brother's wife Mary and their mother, Beatrice. Mary died within a year of her husband, and her extensive inheritance was divided among her Percy relations. Ros received her dower lands, which included the ancient Barony of Helmsley.[16][note 3] Beatrice, on the other hand, had outlived three husbands and would outlive William; she was assigned her dower lands in December 1384. This meant that Ros would never hold a large swath of land, predominantly in the East Riding of Yorkshire.[8]
Ros received seisin of his estates on 11 February 1394,[20][note 4] which included custody of several Clifford family estates; his sister had married Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford around 1379. He held the latter lands until their son came of age around 1411.[23] Ros married Margaret, daughter of John Fitzalan, 1st Baron Arundel and Eleanor Maltravers, soon after he inherited. She was already in receipt of a 40-mark[24][note 5] annuity from King Richard II because she had been in the household of Richard's recently deceased queen, Anne of Bohemia.[14] His wife gave Ros what may have appeared to be a useful connection to the crown.[26] Also useful to William was the fact that his wife's father had recently died, so Ros now had the Earl of Arundel as a brother-in-law. His new connections and the higher political profile they brought may account for the royal grants he soon received of Clifford manors in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Worcestershire. These had been the dower lands of Euphemia (widow of Robert, Lord Clifford), who had died in November 1393.[26] Ros attended the king's wedding to his second wife—the French King's daughter, Isabella of Valois—in Calais in December 1396.[20] His wife's grandfather died the following year, and she became Lady Maltravers suo jure.[4]
Although Ros received some royal favour, Charles Ross has suggested that he may not have been doing as well as expected for a man in his position. Ross suggests that William's Fitzalan connections might have worked against him with the king. Arundel was a staunch political opponent of Richard's, and Ros's marrying into this politically unpopular family may account for the few offices the king granted him.[26] "It seems strange", says Ross, "that a wealthy young lord, who later proved himself both active and able in the royal service, had no public, and very little local employment during the later years of Richard II".[26] Ros's situation would not change until the accession of Arundel's political ally, Henry Bolingbroke, as King Henry IV in 1399.[26] He was rarely appointed to peace commissions and did not sit on many oyer and Terminer arrays, even in his own counties.[26][note 6]
Regime change and career under Henry IV
Remains of Hemsley Castle
All that remained in 2013 of the Ros caput, Helmsley Castle. Built in the 12th century by Robert de Ros, the East Tower was heightened in the 14th century.
John of Gaunt—the most powerful noble in the country and second only to the crown in wealth[29]—died in February 1399.[30] Bolingbroke and King Richard had fallen out the previous year, and Richard had exiled Bolingbroke for six years the previous September.[31] Instead of allowing Bolingbroke to succeed to his father's estates and titles, says Given-Wilson, Richard "succumb[ed] to the temptation"[31] to confiscate the Duchy of Lancaster.[31] Richard proclaimed that Bolingbroke's exile was now a life sentence,[32] and cancelled his writs of seisin. He further decreed that Bolingbroke could only request his inheritance at the king's pleasure.[33] Bolingbroke, in Paris, joined forces with the also-exiled Thomas Arundel. Arundel had been Archbishop of Canterbury, and was Ros's wife's uncle;[34] he lost his office because of his involvement with the Lords Appellant, and been exiled since 1397.[33] With Arundel and a small group of followers, Bolingbroke landed at Ravenspur in Yorkshire in late June 1399.[35] Ros, bringing a large retinue,[36] joined Bolingbroke's army almost immediately (as did much of the northern nobility).[37] Richard was campaigning in Ireland at the time, and unable to defend his throne. Henry initially announced that he intended only to reclaim his rights as Duke of Lancaster, although he quickly gained enough power and support (including that of Ros) to claim the throne in Richard's stead and have himself proclaimed King Henry IV.[38][note 7] In June, Ros was present at Berkeley Castle when Henry and Richard met for the first time since Henry was exiled;[40][20] de Ros witnessed their final meeting on 6 September at the Tower of London, when Richard resigned the throne.[41][20] Bolingbroke's accession as Henry IV saw an uplift in Ros's fortunes and those of the Fitzalans. Ros now had strong connections with important figures at court and a relatively close friendship with the new king.[42] In contrast to his treatment by Richard, Ros's previous loyal service to Henry—and the king's father—earned him significant royal patronage.[41] In the first parliament of the new reign—held at Westminster in October 1399[43]—he was appointed a Trier of Petitions,[42] and was one of the lords who voted to imprison Richard[20][44] (who later died in Pontefract Castle of unknown causes).[45] Ros's new position at the centre of government was highlighted in December 1399, when he was appointed to Henry's first royal council.[42]
Ros's motives for joining Bolingbroke's invasion so swiftly are unknown but, says Given-Wilson, this should be no surprise; for most of Henry's new-found allies, "it is only possible to speculate as to their political allegiance".[37] Ros may have felt generally aggrieved by Richard's poor treatment of Gaunt and Bolingbroke, and his own lack of promotion under Richard was doubtless influential.[46] Whatever his reasons were for rebelling in 1399, Ros and his father had been Lancastrian (rather than Ricardian) in their loyalties. His father had been one of John of Gaunt's earliest retainers when the young Gaunt was Earl of Richmond,[47] and Ros had also been retained by Gaunt in the late fourteenth century.[48] Service to the duke had involved Ros accompanying the duke abroad and travelling on his business on at least five occasions in the last years of Gaunt's life. For his services Ros received annuities of £40 to £50, and was one of only two knights banneret whom Gaunt retained.[47]
Interior of the East2011 photograph of the ruined East Tower of Helmsley Castle
Interior of the East Tower in 2011
Local administration and political crisis
Ros was an active royal official in the local administration and became a leading member of political society in the north Midlands and Yorkshire, where he regularly headed royal commissions.[49] He was frequently appointed a justice of the peace, particularly in Leicestershire.[50] Ros's service to the crown was not confined to the regions; in 1401, he directed the king's attempts to increase the royal income. He was appointed Henry's negotiator with the House of Commons, to persuade the Commons to agree to a subsidy for the king's intended invasion of Scotland later that summer. Ros and the Commons representatives met in Westminster's refectory. Emphasising "favourable consideration"[49] the Commons would receive from the king, he played heavily on the king's expenses in defending the Welsh and Scottish Marches.[49] Each party was wary of the other; the king did not wish to set a precedent, and the Commons were traditionally wary of the House of Lords.[51] Six years later, Ros played much the same role—with the Duke of York and the Archbishop of Canterbury, on a committee hearing the Commons' complaints. The result of these discussions was an altercation in which the Commons, reports the parliament roll, were "hugely disturbed".[52] This disturbance, according to J. H. Wylie, was probably the result of something Ros said[52] and would account for the Commons' reluctance to meet him or his committee. Ros's remit was to persuade the Commons to grant as substantial a tax—in exchange for as few liberties granted—as possible.[53] An experienced parliamentarian, he attended most parliaments from 1394 to 1413.[20]
Almost from the beginning of his reign, Henry faced problems. Most stemmed from financial insecurity, since by 1402 his treasury was empty.[51] Around this time,[note 8] Ros was appointed Lord Treasurer. Charles Ross suggests that this demonstrated the king's increased confidence in Ros,[58] who occupied the post for the next four years.[42] He was unable to substantially improve Henry's financial situation, and relations with the Commons worsened. During the 1404 parliament, speaker Arnold Savage confronted the king over his lack of money (and repeated demands for taxation), which Savage said could be ameliorated by reducing the number of annuities paid by the crown.[note 9] Savage also condemned an unnamed crown minister for owing royal creditors over £6,000.[51] The House of Commons' dissatisfaction was obvious to the king, who responded within the week. He despatched Ros, accompanied by Chancellor Henry Beaufort, to the Commons with a comprehensive breakdown of the king's financial requirements. According to Ian Mortimer, "Savage, having attacked royal policy in the King's presence, had no compunction about speaking his mind to the chancellor and treasurer".[59] Henry's government continued to subsist on poor revenues.[41] As Given-Wilson put it, the treasury became "largely reliant on a diminishing circle of the faithful"[60] (which included Ros). He made numerous loans to the king, and temporarily surrendered his councillor's salary for the sake of the royal finances.[60]
Ros also performed extensive military service. In 1400, he contracted with the king to bring a fully crewed ship of twenty men at arms and forty archers to Henry's Scottish invasion. Although the campaign fizzled out,[61] Ros played a part in it. Returning to Westminster, he resumed his office of councillor and participated in Henry's Great Council the following year.[62] In 1402 Owain Glyndŵr rebelled, which impacted Ros personally. His brother-in-law, Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin—who had married Ros's youngest sister, Margaret[58]—was captured and imprisoned by Glyndŵr; personal animosity between Grey and Glyndŵr may have been to blame for the outbreak of the rebellion.[63] The Welsh demanded a 10,000-mark ransom from the king, who agreed to pay. Ros, because of his relationship to Grey, also agreed to contribute and led the commission which negotiated with Glyndŵr over its payment and his brother-in-law's release.[58] A friend of Ros, fellow Midlands baron Robert, Lord Willoughby, accompanied him in the negotiations.[41]
... We have requested, and on your authority directed the respected Lord Sire de Roos and Monsieur William Gascoigne your Chief Justice, as men in whom you have especial confidence, to proceed in all haste towards the north ...[64][65]
Cotton MS Cleopatra, F. m. f. 58 b. (letter from the Royal council to King Henry, May 1405, regarding the rebellion in the north). [65]
Ros was also elected to the Order of the Garter in 1402,[62] and was granted an annuity of 100 marks a year as the king's retainer two years later. In May of that year another rebellion broke out in the north, led by Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York and the disaffected Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland.[66] One of their first acts was to kidnap the king's envoy.[67] Ros was part of an extensive network of north Lancastrian loyalists who gathered around the king's cousin Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland to suppress the rebellion.[47][note 10] Henry entrusted Ros to meet with Westmorland, commander of the king's armies in the north. Ros was probably chosen because of the king's intimate advisors, his local knowledge would have been the most valuable.[66] The mission was a success; Ros witnessed the Earl of Northumberland surrendering Berwick Castle to the king,[41] and sat on the commission which condemned Scrope to death without trial in early June 1405.[69] When the king arrived in York to oversee the execution of the rebels, Ros brought Percy's bonds to him.[70]
Since Ros had been instructed only to engage the rebels on the king's express instruction, it is difficult to ascertain the role that he and Gascoigne played in the rebellion's suppression. Unlike the Earl of Westmorland, "no more is heard of their activities"[64] in the north until after the confrontation at Shipton Moor. Ros's role may have been to oversee the later judicial commissions over the rebels, and he was authorised to pardon those who rejected rebellion and wished to return to the king's grace.[64] The fact that so little of their work remains visible to historians may suggest surreptitiousness; possibly, says Given-Wilson, they were little more than spies tailing their prey until the king's main army caught up.[71]
The following year, the king's health (which had not been strong for some time) broke down for good. At the parliament of 1406, Henry IV agreed that since it was clear that poor health prevented him from ruling, a Grand Council should be established to assist him in governing. Although Ros was on the original list presented to parliament of those to be appointed to the council, how long he served is subject to conjecture. He was attending its meetings in late 1406 (since he was an unofficial "chaperone" for his successor as Lord Treasurer, Lord Furnivall),[72] and may have still been on the council the following June.[64] Ros regularly witnessed royal charters, and continued his role as the king's spokesman to the Commons.[73] He probably assisted the Lord Chancellor through an increasingly difficult and uncertain period (due to the King's ill-health), but it is uncertain whether he chose—or was instructed—to do so.[74]
Royal favour
A sixteenth-century woodcut of John Badby being burned to death
Sixteenth-century illustration of John Badby being burned in a barrel
For the duration of Henry's reign, Ros was "high in the King's confidence and enjoyed especially trusted positions".[75] The historian Mark Arvanigian summarises Ros's position as "clearly a reliable and trusted servant, as well as being a reasonably talented administrator and royal councillor".[41] Henry continued relying on loans to carry out policy, and Ros's loan funded the Calais garrison. Unlike many—and indicating the favour with which the King held him in—Ros was promised repayment, manifested in the royal patronage he continued to receive. By 1409, for example, he had been appointed to the lucrative positions of master forester and constable of Pickering Castle. These offices strengthened his influence in the region, allowed him to appoint deputies, and gave him other patronage of his own to dispense. In October of that year, Ros paid £80 for the custody of Giffard family lands in the South Midlands. John Tuchet, Lord Audley died in December, and Ros was granted Audley's lands while the Audley heir was a minor. Ros also paid £2,000 for the right to arrange the heir's marriage. The Audley estates from which Ros intended to get his money back were greatly overvalued, and he was charged only half the original amount.[76] These grants were in addition to his annual conciliar salary of £100,[23] and he held the manor of Chingford to quarter himself and his men when he was regularly in the south on royal business.[20] Ros remained an active councillor and undertook significant military and diplomatic roles.[77] He was one of Henry's few advisors whom, even when the king's council was not sitting, remained a close counsellor.[75]
Ros remained in the King's favour through the final years of Henry's reign. As a trusted counsellor, in 1410 he participated in what has been described as "a show trial of national importance".[78] The previous year, an ecclesiastical court had found John Badby of Evesham[79] guilty of Lollardy. According to church custom, Badby had been given a year's grace to recant. He refused;[80] if anything, his opinions were more entrenched than before. On 1 March 1410, Badby was brought before a convocation at the Friars-Preachers House. Ros and his fellow barons found Badby guilty and passed secular judgement. He was burnt to death (possibly, according to sixteenth-century martyrologist John Foxe, in a barrel)[81] in Smithfield.[82][note 11]
Regional disorder
After the death of the Earl of Stafford in 1403[85] (whose infant heir had a twenty-year minority),[86] Ros was the leading baron in Staffordshire. He was responsible for upholding the king's peace during a period that has been a by-word for the kind of pervasive lawlessness that Ros, like all regional magnates, was expected to suppress.[87][88] Particularly well-known is the frequency with which the baronage and gentry indulged in internecine fighting.[89][note 12] In 1411, his intervention averted a tense situation which was likely to erupt into armed conflict between local gentry Alexander Mering and John Tuxford.[94] This was only a temporary ceasefire, however; the following year, Ros sponsored a second arbitration between the parties with which they promised to abide on pain of a 500-mark fine.[95] In early 1411 Sir Walter Tailboys caused a riot in Lincoln, attacked the sheriffs, killed two men, and lay in wait outside the city in ambush (preventing its residents from leaving). Lincoln's citizens petitioned the king for justice and explicitly requested that Ros and his kinsman, Lord Beaumont, be appointed to investigate.[96][97] They found in favour of the Lincoln citizenry and, reflecting the severity of Tailboy's offence, he was bound over to keep the peace for £3,000.[98] Due to such efforts, Simon Payling has suggested that Ros's "reputation for fair-mindedness"[99] made him a popular figure for settling gentry disputes.[99]
Scan of a 1411 petition from the citizens of Lincoln to the King
Petition, in French, sent to the King from the city of Lincoln in May 1411 requesting that he "issue a commission to Roos and Beaumont that they summon Tailboys and Lutterell to keep the peace"[97]
Despite his aptitude for dispute resolution, Ros was not exempt from local conflict. He became involved in a dispute with his Lincolnshire neighbour, Sir Robert Tirwhit, in 1411.[100] Tirwhit was a newly appointed royal justice[101] and a well-known figure in the county. He and Ros fell out over conflicting claims to common grazing[100] and associated hay-mowing and turf-digging rights in Wrawby.[102] An arbitration took place before Justice William Gascoigne, who ordered a Loveday arranged.[note 13] The Loveday was intended to offer both parties the opportunity to demonstrate their support for the arbitration process; the two men were expected to attend with companions (or followers), keeping their numbers to a minimum. Tirwhit, however, brought a small army of about 500 men.[100] Later justifying the size, he claimed not to have agreed to the Loveday in the first place.[101] Ros kept to the arrangement vis á vis his retinue,[106] bringing with him only Lords Beaumont and de la Warre (the latter, like Beaumont, a relative).[102][note 14]
He and his companions escaped Tirwhit's ambush unharmed.[101] Given-Wilson has argued that, although the case was not uncommon in its basic facts, "the personal involvement of a royal justice in such a calculated act of violence, and the status of the protagonists, clearly gave it an interest above the usual".[102] On 4 November 1411, Ros petitioned parliament—at which he was appointed a Trier of Petitions—for satisfaction. The case was heard before the Lord Chamberlain and the Archbishop of Canterbury, and took over three weeks to determine.[102] The Chamberlain and Archbishop requested the attendance of Ros and all the "knyghtes and Esquiers and Yomen that had ledynge of men" for him.[107] After deliberating, they found firmly in Ros's favour. Tirwhit was bound to give Ros a quantity of Gascon wine and provide the food and drink for the next Loveday, where he would publicly apologise to Ros. In his apology, Tirwhit acknowledged that a nobleman of Ros's position could also have brought an army and he had shown forbearance in not doing so. The only responsibility Ros was given as part of the arbitration award was that at the second Loveday, he would provide the entertainment.[106][note 15]
Later years and death
... Atte Wrareby in the shire of Lincoln on the Saturday neghst after the Feste of Sainte Michael dyd assemble greet noumbre of men aurmed and areyed agaynst the pees, to lygge in awayte agaynst the same Lord the Roos.[109][102]
Extract of Ros' petition against Tirwhit to the Commons at the November 1411 parliament
Although the King's health continued to decline, he improved sufficiently in 1411 to direct the formation of a new council of his loyal councillors; this intentionally excluded his son, Prince Henry and the prince's associates, Henry and Thomas Beaufort, from power.[102] Ros—the "reliable royalist"[110]—sat on the council for the next fifteen months[110] with other "unswervingly loyal"[111] officials, such as the Bishops of Durham and Bath and Wells and the Archbishop of York. Ros and the others now signed administrative documents which had required the king's signet seal.[111] A. L. Brown and Henry Summerson, two of the king's recent biographers, note that "at the end of his reign, as at its beginning, Henry placed his trust principally in his Lancastrian retainers".[112]
Henry IV died on 20 March 1413. William Ros played no significant role in government from then on, after probably attending his last council meeting in 1412.[113] Charles Ross posits that he was "no particular favourite"[114] of the new king, Henry V, which Ross attributed to Henry V's distrust of his father's loyalists (who, in his eyes, kept him from what he felt was his rightful position at the head of government during his father's illness). Whether or not Henry excluded him from the government, Ros lived only eighteen months into the new reign. His mother had drawn up her will in January 1414,[114] of which Ros was an executor.[3] Early that year, Ros sat on a final anti-Lollard commission[note 16] and was tasked with investigating the murder of an MP in the Midlands.[118]
Ros died in Belvoir Castle on 1 November 1414. He had drawn up his will two years earlier, and added a codicil in February 1414.[119][note 17] He died a wealthy man, with one of Yorkshire's highest disposable incomes.[120][note 18]
Three of William Ros's children fought in the last period of the Hundred Years' War. John, his heir, was born in 1397 and was legally a minor when Ros died. The Earl of Dorset, the king's cousin, received custody of the Ros estates.[4] Before he inherited, John travelled to France with the new king in 1415 and fought at the Battle of Agincourt at the age of seventeen or eighteen.[122] He died in 1421 at the Battle of Baugé with the king's brother, Thomas, Duke of Clarence and Sir Gilbert V de Umfraville.[123] William Ros's second son Thomas was only fourteen at John's death,[124] and fought with Thomas, Earl of Salisbury, at the siege of Orléans in 1428; he died after a skirmish outside Paris two years later.[125] Thomas' heir (also named Thomas) inherited the lordship as 9th baron and played an important role in the Wars of the Roses fighting for the Lancastrian king, Henry VI; he was beheaded after his defeat by the Yorkists at the Battle of Hedgeley Moor in 1464.[126] Ros's wife, Margaret Fitzalan, lived until 1438. She had received her dower by February 1415 and, at the marriage of Henry V to Catherine of Valois in 1420, entered the new queen's service as a lady-in-waiting. Margaret attended Katherine's coronation and travelled with her to see Henry in France two years later.[4]
Family and bequests
Alabaster tomb of Ros in St Mary's, Bottesford
Alabaster effigy of William Ros in St Mary's Church, Bottesford
With his wife, Margaret Fitzalan, William Ros had four sons:[127] John, Thomas, Robert and Richard. They also had four daughters: Beatrice, Alice, Margaret and Elizabeth.[128][note 19] Ros also had an illegitimate son, John, by a now-unknown woman.[129] Charles Ross suggests that he "provides full confirmation of what the scanty evidence as to the character of his earlier career suggests, that Ros was a man of just and equitable temperament"[130] by the nature and extent of his bequests. His heir, John, inherited his father's lordship and patrimony and his armour and a gold sword. His third son, Robert—whom Ross describes as "evidently his favourite"[129]—also inherited a quantity of land.[129] Ros made this provision for Robert from John's patrimony, a decision described by G. L. Harriss as "overrid[ing] both family duty and convention".[127] His younger three sons (Thomas, Robert, and Richard) received a third of Ros's goods among them; Thomas, traditional for a younger son, was intended for an ecclesiastical career. Ros's wife, Margaret, received another third of his goods. His illegitimate son, John, received £40 towards his upkeep. Loyal retainers received benefices, and Ros's "humbler dependents"—for instance, the poor on his Lincolnshire estates—received often-massive sums among them.[note 20] His executors—one of whom was his heir, John—received £20 each for their services.[119] Ros was buried in Belvoir Priory, and an alabaster effigy was erected in St Mary the Virgin's Church, Bottesford,[131] on the right side of the altar. Seven years later, after his death at Baugé, an effigy of his son John was placed on the left.[132] William Ros left £400 to pay ten chaplains for eight years to educate his sons.[133]
In Shakespeare
William Ros appears in William Shakespeare's Richard II as Lord Ross.[134] His character performs a double act of sorts with Lord Willoughby in their (ultimately successful) attempts to persuade the Earl of Northumberland to revolt against Richard,[135] although as one reviewer has noted, indicating "little sense of rebels carefully testing the political water"[136] before doing so. Together, the three of them are the core of the conspiracy to overthrow Richard.[137] In their colloquies—for which R. F. Hill has compared them to a Senecan Chorus—[138] they provide the audience with a catalogue of Richard's misdeeds by re-telling his history of poor governance.[139] Ross, says Hill, is "lured" by the earl into conversation, which results in their plotting.[140] Ross tells Northumberland, "The commons hath [King Richard] pill'd with grievous taxes / And quite lost their hearts: the nobles hath he fined / For ancient quarrels, and quite lost their hearts"[141] and is portrayed as an overt follower of Henry Bolingbroke from the beginning.[142] Shakespeare has this discussion take place in the north;[note 21] in this way, says Hill, their separation from the King emphasises their geographical closeness to Bolingbroke.[144]
The speed with which Ross deserts Richard and joins Henry is in stark contrast to the themes of loyalty and honour that the play deals with, suggests Margaret Shewring.[145] Described by Shakespeare (based on Raphael Holinshed's chronicle) as "fiery-red with haste",[146][142] Ross joins Bolingbroke at Berkeley, Gloucestershire.[142] In 1738—when the public image of the King, George I, was poor—the play was put on by John Rich, in the knowledge that it was "dangerously topical in terms of contemporary politics".[147] The discussion between Ross, Willoughby and Northumberland on the faults of the King—"basely led/by flatterers"[147]—has been argued to have reflected contemporary disfavour with George, who was widely believed to be under the influence of his chief minister, Horace Walpole.[147] A contemporary, Thomas Davies, watched the performance and later wrote how "almost every line that was spoken to the occurrences of the time, and to the measures and character of the ministry".[147]
The text of Richard II is often cut by directors, either to tighten the plot or to avoid problems with weak casting,[148] and the role of Lord Ross is occasionally omitted.[149] For example, in the 1981 Bard Productions film, Ross' part was given to the Exton character,[150] and in the Erickson-Farrell 2001 film, Ross was one of seven characters dropped, his part again given to Exton.[151] He has still been played by several actors in post-war performances. At the 1947 Avignon Festival, Pierre Lautrec played to Jean Vilar's Richard; Vilar also directed the play.[152] The same year, Walter Hudd directed it with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford-upon-Avon, with Joss Ackland as Ross to Robert Harris' Richard.[153] Four years later, Anthony Quayle—also with the SMT—directed Michael Redgrave as the King, Harry Andrews as Bolingbroke, and Philip Morant in the part of Lord Ross.[154] In 1968 the Prospect Theatre toured Richard II in two legs. Directed by Richard Cottrell and with Ian McKellen and Timothy West as Richard and Bolingbroke respectively, Ross was played by Peter Rocca on the first half of the tour and David Calder on the second.[155] In 1973, Charles Keating played Ross to Richard Pasco and Ian Richardson's king and Bolingbroke,[note 22] in John Barton's production.[157] Ariane Mnouchkine's 1984 production for the Théâtre du Soleil cast Robert Gourp as Ross,[158] and five years later the English Shakespeare Company's production—directed by Michael Bogdanov—had John Dougall playing Ross to Michael Pennington's Richard.[159] Keith Dunphy played Ross in Steven Pimlott's RSC production in 2000, to Sam West's Richard and David Troughton's Bolingbroke.[160] A production at the Globe Theatre in 2015 from Tim Carroll saw Mark Rylance as the King and Ekow Quartey as Ross.[161] Jonathan Slinger played the King in Michael Boyd's 2007 RSC production, and Rob Carroll played Ross.[162] Joshua Richards played Ross in Gregory Doran's 2013 production, with David Tennant in the lead role.[163]
Notes
The family name was also spelt by contemporaries as Roos, Ross, and Rous, among other variants.[2] Modern historians, thus, also use different spellings.
The feudal system was based on the premise that all land belonged to the king. What he held directly was the royal demesne, and that which was granted away was held on his behalf by tenants-in-chief.[11] If he then died without leaving an adult heir who could immediately receive his inheritance, the estates escheated (returned to the king).[12] The king would hold the estates until the heir (if any) reached his majority, at which point he would apply for livery of seisin: the right to enter his estates. Possession was usually obtained by paying a fine to the exchequer.[13]
The legal concept of dower had existed since the late twelfth century as a means of protecting a woman from being left landless if her husband died first. He would, when they married, assign certain estates to her—a dos nominata, or dower—usually a third of everything he was seised of. By the fifteenth century, a widow was deemed entitled to her dower.[17] The situation the Mowbray heirs experienced was not uncommon in the late Middle Ages. The Holland family inheritance had been more or less the same for the previous eighty years, but when the last Holland Earl of Kent Edmund inherited the title from his brother Thomas (who died childless) in 1404, the estates had to support the dowers of Edmund's mother Alice, his brother's widow, Joan Stafford, and his aunt, Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter.[18] Edmund died in 1408; his wife became the fourth dowager on the inheritance, and (with no male heirs) it was divided amongst them and Edmund's five sisters.[19]
Seisin was feudal possession and, William Searle Holdsworth said, had the same root word as the Latin possessio.[21] It applied only to freehold land; J. M. Kaye noted that "By 'seised in demesne' is meant property which either was in the actual possession of a grantor, or else was held from him by persons who held no freehold estate and whose possession did not count as seisin for common law purposes, namely, villeins, who were personally unfree, and customary tenants who, although they were personally free, did not hold their land by freehold tenure".[22]
A medieval English mark was a unit of currency equivalent to two-thirds of a pound.[25]
A commission of oyer and terminer was an investigative body; the name means, literally, "to hear and to determine".[27] Black's Law Dictionary defines the commission as "a court for the trial of cases of treason and felony. The commissioners of assise and nisi prius are judges selected by the king and appointed and authorized under the great seal, including usually two of the judges at Westminster, and sent out twice a year into most of the counties of England, for the trial (with a Jury of the county) of causes then depending at Westminster, both civil and criminal".[28]
Chris Given-Wilson notes that "publicly, Henry claimed that he had returned merely to claim his rightful inheritance, a cause which he knew would unite support behind him, and it was later asserted that he had sworn 'upon the relics of Bridlington' ... that this was all he would claim".[39]
There is some uncertainty about when the appointment occurred and when it ended. William Dugdale, in his Baronage,[54] and F. M. Powicke and E. B. Fryde [55] suggest 1403 to 1406, and J. H. Wylie[56] believed it started by 1401 and ended by 1404. Anthony Steele dates Ros' appointment as between 14 July and 16 September 1403, and says that Furnival replaced him in this office the following December.[57]
Henry had paid nearly £5,000 (equivalent to £3,723,576 in 2016) to his followers who accompanied him on his invasion by the October 1399 parliament; they included two earls, three barons and 44 others, including knights and squires.[36]
At this time, relations between Westmorland and Henry IV were so close that the King regularly referred to the earl in official documents as his brother.[68]
Lollardy was a late fourteenth-century religious reform movement which was deemed heresy by the fifteenth century.[83] Although it was long-lived due to its genuine appeal,[84] King Henry IV had a personal antipathy against the movement. In 1401, he signed into law De heretico comburendo ("On the Burning of Heretics"); for the first time in English history, it provided a statutory instrument for the burning of those found guilty of heresy before church courts. This, suggests Richard Rex, was "to bolster his own feeble legitimacy by support for orthodoxy".[83]
For example, the second quarter of the fifteenth century saw a long-running feud between branches of the Neville family in the north.[90] By the 1450s, such feuds were legion: between the Courtenay and Bonville families in the southwest;[91] between the two powerful northern dynasties, the Nevilles (again) and the Percies;[92] and between Ralph, Lord Cromwell and William, Lord Tailboys in the Midlands.[93]
A Loveday (dies amoris in Latin) was a day assigned to arbitrate between disputants and resolve legal differences through arbitration, rather than litigation.[103][104] The practice died out during the 17th century.[105]
Ros' petition to parliament, which lays out Gascoigne's decision, reads less specifically than Ros suggested: "And the said William Gascoigne decided that the said William de Roos should come there with the husbands of two of his kinsfolk, or other friends, in a peaceful manner, with as many men as customarily rode with them. And that the said Robert should come peacefully with two of his kinsmen or friends, with as many men as is fitting for their estate and position".[102]
Considering the number of public offices Tirwhit had to lose and the outcry which erupted from his "grossest turbulence and breach of the peace",[108] it has been suggested that he "doubtless considered himself fortunate to escape" so lightly. Tirwhit retained his office on the Lincolnshire King's Bench for the rest of his life (another quarter of a century).[102]
These commissions were in response to the Oldcastle Revolt of January 1414: "chief commissioner to hear and determine as to rebellions, treasons, &co. in Middlesex, and in Nottinghamshire and Derby committed by the King's subjects commonly called Lollards".[115] The commission was composed of six men, the three most important of whom were Ros, Henry Scrope, and London Mayor William Cromer.[116] Maurice Keen described the rebellion as a "complete fiasco".[117]
Ros' will has been printed in full in F. M. Powicke's The Register of Archbishop Chichele II, 22–27. It is extremely detailed. Ros specified three burial sites (depending on where he died), with the proviso that the unused locations should receive handsome bequests. His will makes full provision for his sons, distributing estates, goods, and annuities between them.[119]
It has been estimated that his income was matched by only three of his fellow Yorkshire-based barons: Neville, Furnivall, and Scrope of Bolton.[121]
Although Irvin Eller lists another son (William) between Robert and Richard,[128] this is not confirmed by other sources.
For instance, three groups of dependents (the poor on his estates, his servants, and his tenants) received £100 per group.[130]
Indeed, the 1990 ESC film portrays Ross as wearing tartan as a means of suggesting that he is Scottish.[143]
Pasco and Richardson alternated the roles of both Richard and Bolingbroke between them; says critic Richard David, "of the two, the variation with Richard Pasco as Richard and Ian Richardson as Bolingbroke was the more ordinary".[156]
References
St John Hope 1901.
Newton 1846, p. 210.
Ross 1950, p. 111.
Cokayne 1910, p. 103.
Given-Wilson 1996, p. 64.
Cokayne 1910, p. 101.
Cokayne 1910, pp. 101–102.
Ross 1950, p. 107.
Cokayne 1910, pp. 100–101.
Baldwin 1913, p. 492.
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Lawler & Lawler 2000, p. 11.
Harris 2006, pp. 16–17.
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Ross 1950, p. 105.
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Wylie, J. H. (1896). History of England under Henry the Fourth. III. London: Longmans, Green. hdl:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t42r51t5k. OCLC 923542042. | DE ROS, William 6th Baron Ros (I19717)
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| 3363 |
William Scudamore was a surgeon. | SCUDAMORE, William (I12899)
|
| 3364 |
William was aged 34 and upwards in 7 Hen VI 1428-9 | IDELEGH, William (I13377)
|
| 3365 |
William was buried as "the son of Adam Pope". | POPE, William (I5029)
|
| 3366 |
William was registered as William Hooper Curtis. | HOOPER, William Curtis (I15400)
|
| 3367 |
WILLIAM WHITING: antiquary
Partner in Whiting Brothers (later Whiting & Hine), an Ospringe Street building firm that shut in about 1970. With his brother John M. Whiting, he helped to save the Maison Dieu to be a museum in the 1920s. Excavated a Roman cemetery by the A2. Fellow, Society of Antiquaries. Keen photographer. Lived 1880/1 to 1931. | WHITING, William (I3407)
|
| 3368 |
William's burial records him as an infant. | COPPEN, William ^ (I4592)
|
| 3369 |
Willoughby Church Cemetery (semi-active cemetery)
Location: corner of Sauer & Ort Rds.
Size: .440 acres
History: The property was originally owned by William Henry Sauer. The Willoughby Evangelical congregation established a church on the property in 1839. Over 100 burials took place in this cemeteryincluding several members from Heximer, Kaumeyer, Miller, Morningstar, Plyley, Sauer, Sayler, Schabel and Winger families. One or two burials per year continue to take place in this country cemetery. The Congregation successfullypetitioned the City to take ownership in 1998.
First Burial: Christian Shoup (1823)
Information:
take Sodom Rd exist (south) off QEW
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Miller Family Burial Ground I and II
Miller Family Burial Ground
Location: I: 9819 Niagara Parkway near Weaver Rd, II: 7710 Ridge Rd.
Size: .06 acres
History: Originally owned by Henry Miller and then his brother, Jacob. Several Miller family members are buried at this site. The Miller family gave the Willoughby Township the right of way to the property in 1964 and requested the Township to take over the maintenance of the family cemetery.
First Burial: Mary (1834), wife of John Miller
Information:
on private property | MILLER, Albert Wetherstone (I10174)
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| 3370 |
Wills that relate to two individuals who may be connected with this family:
William Hoskin, St Ive yeoman Written - 18-Mar 1759 Proved - 6-Jul 1759 Pages - 481/483 father - John Hoskin mother - Joan Hoskin brother - John sister - Elizabeth Wenmouth Tamson Wenmouth, Nicholas Wenmouth - son & daughter of Nicholas Wenmouth John Wenmouth, son of Nicholas brother - Elias Katherine Hoskin, daughter of Thomas Hoskin Henry Greet William Nattle's 3 children - Katharine, Jane, William wife - Katherine Witnesses - William Daw, Mary Kelly, James Bennicke
William Hawking, Southill farmer Written - 7-May 1800 Proved - 28-Dec 1805 Pages - 746/748 daughter - Mary Hawking daughter - Joan Phillips, wife of Edward of Zaninick daughter - Elizabeth Hawking sons - Richard, Thomas daughter - Emlin Sauners wife - Elizabeth 2 sons - John, William Witnesses - H Hemdon, W Wearing, John Toms
Land Tax Assessment 1805 (Source: CRO F52/66/6325)
Locale: Kingscoombe Landlord: Ruse? Edward Occupier:Hockin Wm
Lanhargy -Bant Wm -Hockin Wm
Possible leads:
Burial Day Month 15-May
Year 1792
Parish Or Reg District North Hill
Forename William
Surname HOCKEN
Age 6m
Residence Trebartha Village
Notes son of William and Ann
Burial:
Day Month 02-May
Year 1794
Parish Or Reg District North Hill
Forename Mary
Surname HOCKEN
Age 11
Residence Trebartha Village
Notes daughter of William, labourer
Burial:
Day Month 01-Jun
Year 1824
Parish Or Reg District North Hill
Forename William
Surname HOCKING
Age 70
Residence Kennington's Mill Lezant | HOCKING, William (I8264)
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| 3371 |
Wills:
Will Woodland Gregory Brabourne 1590 1591 PRC/17/48/176a 1591
Will Woodland Clement Brabourne 1611 1614 PRC/17/55/89 PRC/16/151 W/12 1614
Inv Woodland Goddard Brabourne 1630 1631 PRC/28/17/273 1631
Will Woodland Margery Brabourne 1641 1641 PRC/16/234 W/4 1641
**Will Woodland Richard Monks Horton 1599 1599 PRC/17/51/331b PRC/16/115 W/2 1599
Will Wodland, Woodland Richard Monks Horton 1519 1519 PRC/17/14/156b See also PRC/17/13/146 1519
Will Woodland John Monks Horton 1523 1523 PRC/17/16/12 1523
Will Woodland John Monks Horton 1533 1533 PRC/17/19/329a 1533
Will Woodland William Monks Horton 1533 1533 PRC/17/20/32c 1533
Will Woodland John Monks Horton 1548 1548 PRC/17/26/154 1548
Will Woodland John Monks Horton 1556 1556 PRC/17/32/93a PRC/16/21 W/7 PY from PRC/17 1556
Will Woodland Robert Monks Horton 1559 1559 PRC/17/33/162 PRC/16/30 W/13 1559
Will Woodland John Monks Horton 1567 1567 PRC/17/40/28 PRC/16/48 W/6 1567
Will Woodland Andrew Monks Horton 1597 1597 PRC/17/50/327b PRC/16/111 W/13 1597
Will Woodland Stephen Monks Horton 1661 1663 PRC/17/71/493a PRC/16/271 W/2 East Horton? 1663
Will Woodland Stephen Monks Horton 1678 1680 PRC/17/75/179 PRC/16/304 W/1 1680
Will Warman Thomas Lyminge 1625 1626 PRC/32/47/111b PRC/31/89 W/7 1626
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Possible baptism:
Name: Susann Woodland
Gender: Female
Baptism Date: 2 Feb 1563
Baptism Place: Monks Horton, Kent, England
Father: Richard The Younger Woodland
FHL Film Number: 1751982
Reference ID: item 3 p 2
But this burial follows:
Name: Susan Woodland
Gender: Female
Burial Date: 7 Jul 1610
Burial Place: Monks Horton, Kent, England
Father: Rychard Woodland
FHL Film Number: 1751982
Reference ID: item 3 p 42
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Name: Clement Woodland
Gender: Male
Burial Date: Mar 1614
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/7
Name: Sarah Woodland
Gender: Female
Burial Date: 2 Sep 1625
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
Father: Peeter Woodland
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/16
Name: John Woodland
Gender: Male
Burial Date: 13 Aug 1628
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
Father: Goddard Woodland
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/18
Name: Goddard Woodland
Gender: Male
Burial Date: 22 Jul 1630
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/20
Name: John Woodland
Gender: Male
Burial Date: 23 Oct 1639
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
Father: Clemet Woodland
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/29
Name: Clement Woodland
Gender: Male
Burial Date: 1 Jan 1666
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Name: Wid: Woodland
Gender: Female
Burial Date: 9 Feb 1671
Burial Place: Brabourne, Kent, England
FHL Film Number: 1736528
Reference ID: 31/37
Clement Ovill of Elham and Joan Warrman of Lyminge, virgin. At St. Paul's Canterbury. June 6, 1607.
John Mownt of Stouting and Ann Warman of Lyminge, virgin. At Lyminge. Feb. 7, 1615.
Clement Woodland of Monks Horton and Martha Peart, of the same, virgin. John Edwards, Notary Public, bondsman. Oct. 25, 1594.
Clement Woodland of Brabourne, yeoman and Ursula Woodland of Smeeth, virgin. At. St. Margaret's Canterbury. July 31, 1617.
Philip Woodland and Elizabeth Broomyng of Monks Horton. Feb. 19, 1594.
Philip Woodland of Brabourne, husbandman and Mary Backett of Westgate, widow. At Thanington. Jan 19, 1604 | WOODLAND, Susanne (I14123)
|
| 3372 |
WINCHCOMBE is an estate in this parish [Wye], which in very early times was the property as well as residence of the family of Carter, ancestors to those of this name now residing at Canterbury, who, according to tradition, were settled here as early as the reign of king Edward II. and in the reign of king Henry VI. Thomas Carter, gent. of Crundall, was returned in the list of those gentlemen of this county, who were entitled to bear the ancient arms of their ancestors, which were,
Azure, two lions rampant, combatant, or.
They continued possessors of this seat, till at length Mr. George Carter, within memory, alienated it to Mr. Thomas Curteis, whose son William dying sine prole by will gave it to his wife Juliana, remarried to William Fenton, esq. of Maidstone, and again on his death, to William Harvey, physician, of Maidstone. She died in 1768, sine prole and by will devised it to her surviving husband for his life, on whose death in 1779, it became by her will the property of her second husband's nephew, Mr.Fenton, who now owns it.
From: 'Parishes: Crundal', The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 7 (1798), pp. 368-381. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63425. Date accessed: 22 April 2008.
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The Rood. — Light of the High Cross, a quarter of barley : Thos. Carter, 1461 (A. 1, 11).
Source: Kent Archaeological Society. Archaeologia cantiana (Volume 1907 suppl.). as found on
http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/kent-archaeological-society/archaeologia-cantiana-volume-1907-suppl-tne/page-22-archaeologia-cantiana-volume-1907-suppl-tne.shtml
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Chancery Records Index 1336-1558
Name: Thomas Carter
Place: Kent
Date: 1515-1518
Volume: 5
Page: 34
Bundle: 391
Name: Alice Carter
Place: Kent
Date: 1515-1518
Volume: 5
Page: 34
Bundle: 391 | CARTER, Thomas (I9495)
|
| 3373 |
WINCHCOMBE is an estate in this parish, which in very early times was the property as well as residence of the family of Carter, ancestors to those of this name now residing at Canterbury, who, according to tradition, were settled here as early as the reign of king Edward II. and in the reign of king Henry VI. Thomas Carter, gent. of Crundall, was returned in the list of those gentlemen of this county, who were entitled to bear the antient arms of their ancestors, which were, Azure, two lions rampant, combatant, or; they continued possessors of this seat, till at length Mr. George Carter, within memory, alienated it to Mr. Thomas Curteis, whose son William dying s. p. by will gave it to his wife Juliana, remarried to William Fenton, esq. of Maidstone, and again on his death, to William Harvey, physician, of Maidstone. She died in 1768, s. p. and by will devised it to her surviving husband for his life, on whose death in 1779, it became by her will the property of her second husband's nephew, Mr.Fenton, who now owns it.
Citation
'Parishes: Crundal', Hasted, Edward. "The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 7" (1798), pp. 368-381. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63425&strquery=carter. Date accessed: 17 January 2008.
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Rabadge Hewit, wife of William Hewyt [sic] of Bonnington, husbandman, in £10, to appear, do and receive and to keep the peace towards Anne, wife of John Browne of the same, gentleman; sureties, Richard Knight of Aldington, yeoman and Thomas Carter of Crundale QM/SRc/1598/44 22 June [1598] | CARTER, Thomas (I7199)
|
| 3374 |
Wine Merchant | RUCK, George Thomas (I8061)
|
| 3375 |
Winifred was baptised in the Faversham parish church and attended the District School in Preston and later, the Davington school in that parish. Winifred won a scholarship to attend the William Gibbs School, a very good private school for girls run by the Church of England. There were stressed the "R's", history and the Bible. The girls were required to wear a uniform of navy blue and white. In summer they wore a straw hat and in winter, a navy blue hat with a white band. The William Gibbs School was built of red brick and was covered with Virginia creeper. It had 5 forms - 1 to 5 - which would be equivalent to our Canadian high schools, as well as a kindergarten class. The five forms eventually prepared students for college. There were 80 girls and 11 teachers.
Winifred was taught music by a Mrs. Cook and German from a Miss Frey of Switzerland. Apparently, Winifred did very, very well in school and one year was head of her form. She didn't like math much but in English and foreign languages she was exceptional. After high school, Winifred attended private baording schools in Europe - almost two years in the Harty mountains of Germany during the early 1920s. Before returning to England she toured France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Holland and Belgium. Early in 1924 (probably February) Winifred sailed for Canada and arrived in St. John, New Brunswick. There she boarded a train for Regina. Winifred had come to Canada to teach under the auspices of the Church of England. She taught for a short time near Regina but eventually went to British Columbia and taught for a year in the Peace River district near Kelowna. She then returned to Saskatchewan and somehow got the teaching job at Lothian School (20 miles from Davidson). It was while she was teaching there that she met her future husband, George Lumb. He was either the Chairman or Secretary of the school board. Winifred married during August 1926 at Kenniston, Saskatchewan. | GREGORY, Winifred Elizabeth (I2385)
|
| 3376 |
Wintesses were John Attaway and Elizabeth White. | Family (F2471)
|
| 3377 |
Witness on this marriage was Edward Gregory, son of John Dodd's sister, Judith. | Family (F1008)
|
| 3378 |
Witnesses Agnes Wallis and Norma Innes, both of Niagara Falls. | Family (F66)
|
| 3379 |
Witnesses on Elizabeth's marriage were Mary Tritton and George Broadbridge. | RUCK, Elizabeth (I3306)
|
| 3380 |
Witnesses on Thomas' marriage were Hannah Haywood and John Benstead.
Hannah Haywood is suspected to be a cousin of Elizabeth Collard. Hannah married Thomas Sibon on 20 February 1804 at Faversham. Their witnesses were Mary Slaughter and Elizabeth Hills. Thomas Sibon died post-1851. As of the 1841 census Thomas and Hannah were living at 20 West Street, Faversham with two children, John aged 25 and Martha aged 20. Both Hannah and Thomas were shown as being 60 years old. Hannah was buried 24 August 1849 at age 67 years, placing her birth year circa 1782. She was still residing on West Street at that time. As of 1851 Thomas was widowed and living with his daughter Martha then aged 34. They are shown on page 26, district 3C. This Thomas was buried at Faversham on 29 Sept 1870 at age 90. Thomas and Hannah christened Jane at Godmersham on 24 June 1804. It appears that Jane was buried at Faversham at age 2 on 8 July 1806.
Thomas Sibon was christened at Faversham 20 Feb 1780 to Thomas and Sarah (nee Macklin, married at Faversham by licence 3 April 1777). Thomas and Sarah also had Robert, Elizabeth, Hester, Lydia, Sarah, John and Catherine at Faversham. The father Thomas Sibon was christened at Ospringe 14 Mar 1750 to Thomas and Elizabeth. Thomas and Elizabeth also had Hannah, Esther, Robert, John, Sarah and Elizabeth. It may be that the patriarch of this family was also named Thomas who with his wife Esther or Hester was baptising children at Faversham during 1710s and 1720s. Hester was buried at Faversham on 23 Dec 1764. There is a baptism of a Thomas Sybon at Faversham on 23 Jan 1723 to Thomas and Hester. There is a burial for an elderly Thomas Sibon at Faversham on 23 Nov 1818 at age 98 placing this individual's birth year circa 1720. | RUCK, Thomas (I1514)
|
| 3381 |
Witnesses to the marriage of Emma and Edward were Benjamin Earl and Julia Jones. | JEMMETT, Emma (I3282)
|
| 3382 |
Witnesses to the marriage of Jane and William were Frances Jemmett and George Wraight (father William Wraight). Frances and George married each other during October of 1851. | CLARK, Jane (I3278)
|
| 3383 |
Witnesses to the marriage were John Hyland and Lydia Hills. | Family (F3265)
|
| 3384 |
Witnesses were Mabel Bray of 2053 Dundas Street and Nelson Hill of 202 Westmoreland Avenue | Family (F59)
|
| 3385 |
Witnesses were Samuel Attaway and Charlotte Attaway. He was a painted aged 25 and she aged 38. | Family (F2472)
|
| 3386 |
Witnesses were Samuel Eaton & Anne Murphy. Samuels wife Lydia & Anne Murphy were George Maplesdens sisters. | Family (F3390)
|
| 3387 |
Witnesses William Hogben and Lydia Hills. | Family (F3261)
|
| 3388 |
Witnesses-Thos Copping And Eliz Pearson | Family (F5870)
|
| 3389 |
Witnesses: Catharine Knight and Richard Scoons | Family (F5771)
|
| 3390 |
Witnesses: Ethelwyn Smyth, Montreal, Quebec and Violet Scott, Prescott, Ontario. | Family (F5575)
|
| 3391 |
Witnesses: Sarah Epps and Henry Keeler, she a minor. | Family (F5953)
|
| 3392 |
Witnesses: Thomas Gregory and Mary Jane Cox | Family (F1009)
|
| 3393 |
Woldemar was born at 8:30 p.m. on 9 June 1849. He was baptised at St. Leonards, Deal on 11 July 1849. He married Amelia Barnes at the Parish Church of Georgeham, north Devon on 24 September 1874. They were both 25 years old. John Barnes, John Kennett and Henry Harding were the witnesses.
Woldemar started work as a clerk for Richard Dickeson & Company, which had premises in Market Lane, Dover and Woldemar and family lived either on the premises or very close to it in Market Lane. Woldemar was a director of Richard Dickeson and Co. and Charles Phillimore Co. Ltd.. He had a business partner named Alexander William Prince.
The family moved to Avenue House, Park Avenue, Dover sometime after 1895. This was situated on the corner of Castle Avenue and opposite the entrance to Connaught Park. They were still there in 1891. This house was still standing in 1984. In 1905 the family moved to Chislehurst.
Woldemar must have been musical. He used to sing gless (unaccompanied songs) with a local choir who he invited to his house. Apparently Amelia used to complain about them being 'common men with big black boots'!!
When Amelia died on 21 Nov 1905 they were living at Elmstead Glade, Chislehurst, Kent. Amelia seems to have died form an operation for a cancerous obstruction, I assume colon cancer. Ethel was present at her death. Woldemar died from heart and respiratory problems on 23 Jan 1908 with Ethel in attendance. He had previously had an aneurysm after having an accident - a heavy blow on the chest aboard ship sailing home from Spain in rough seas - he never really recovered from this. He left his "Glees for Male Voices and his Book of Glees" to the organist of the Masonic Corinthian Lodge 1208 in Dover. I conclude from this that he was a freemason. He left Avenue House, Park Avenue, Dover to Felix Bolton his son-in-law. | KENNETT, Woldemar Ohme (I4763)
|
| 3394 |
Wooldridge Tristram. Effects under GB450. 16 October 1872. The Will of Tristram Wooldridge late of the Parish of Dunterton in the County of Devon Farmer who died 24 August 1872 at Dunterton was proved at Exeter by John Wooldridge of Dunterton Farmer the Son the sole Executor.
Wooldridge William. Effects under GB100. 4 November 1872. The Will of William Wooldridge formerly of Bratton Clovelly but late of Beaworthy both in the County of Devon Farmer who died 21 July 1872 at Beaworthy was proved at Exeter by Mary Wooldridge of Beaworthy Widow the sole Executrix. | WOOLDRIDGE, Tristram (I14405)
|
| 3395 |
WROTHAM PLACE is an antient mansion, situated on the south side of the High-street of Wrotham town, which has been for many years the habitation of genlemen. It was formerly called Nyssell's, from a family of that name, proprietors of it, one of whom, Thomas Nyssell, died possessed of it in 1498, and lies buried, with Alice his wife, in this church.
From the Monument in Wrotham Church:
1498 Thomas Nysell and wife Alice, their 5 sons and 5 daughters were once below them.
1. Thomas b1475 .
2. John
1. Alice bc 1476-1497 m 1486 Martin De Bere / Beers d1498 a notary public, and secretary of the diocese of Rochester
Thomas was the son of John Nissell. They lived in Wrotham Place situated in the south side of the high street formerly called Nysells which was purchased in early 1600s by John Rayneye. The family of Nisell which existed at Wrotham in the 15c has left few traces behind it. The name does not occur in many documents and these throw little light on .the family itself. - Wrotham church Kent | NISELL, John (I20131)
|
| 3396 |
WROTHAM PLACE is an antient mansion, situated on the south side of the High-street of Wrotham town, which has been for many years the habitation of genlemen. It was formerly called Nyssell's, from a family of that name, proprietors of it, one of whom, Thomas Nyssell, died possessed of it in 1498, and lies buried, with Alice his wife, in this church. | NISELL, Joan (I20130)
|
| 3397 |
WYLES, ADA EATON
GRO Reference: 1864 M Quarter in TONBRIDGE Volume 02A Page 495 | WYLES, Ada (I18345)
|
| 3398 |
Year of birth derived from age of about 41 years on second marriage during 1630. | WARMAN, Richard (I14124)
|
| 3399 |
Yeoman
A namesake:
FUNERAL AT WYE, KENT
Mr Valentine Austen, who died at Wye in Kent on Saturday August 21st, 1795, was buried on the Wednesday following. He had given very particular directions in his will with regard to his funeral, which were carefully attended to, and the singularities of it conducted in such a manner as to form a scene equally solemn and affecting. Between twelve and one o'clock, the procession set out from his house, and went that way which leads through the High Street up to the church. The bells were carefully muffled and rang a dumb peal.
The procession was preceded by two women who were formerly his hop-tyers, strewing old hops. The band, consisting of two French horns, two bassoons, two fifes, two hautboys, two violins and a long drum, played a solemn dirge all the way to the church gate. In the church (between the psalms and the Lesson) the 104th psalm was played and sung; and from the Church to the grave, the dirge was repeated. The concourse of people was astonishingly great and they behaved with order and attention, during the whole of the ceremony. Mr Austen was ever good to the poor in his life and he remembered them at his death. He ordered to the poor hop-strewers half a guinea apiece; to every poor man resident in the parish, a quart of beer and a twopenny loaf; and to every poor child, half the quantity of bread and beer. He also left £50 to the Sunday School of Wye. This eccentric man, some years before his death, had his coffin made in readiness for that event.
Source: http://www.wgma.org.uk/ AND http://www.wgma.org.uk/Res/Litery/Events/Funeral.htm
From Ashford Researches on KAS website:
William Austen of Ashford, maltster Will. PRC17 - 99/9
3 November 1769
to Catherine Waterman, niece of wife, £100
to exors. of trustees £500 - interest to Dorothy for life then -
to nephew Thos. Ottaway of Westwell, yeo £100
" Matthew Knott of Canterbury, weaver £100
niece Mary Townsen of Wye, wid. £100
" Eliz. wife of [ ] Turner of Canterbury, weaver £100
" Mary, wife of [ ] Wyborn of Deal, tidewaiter £100.
to wife mess. etc. in Ashford, in my occup. & land called Maccabee in Naccolt for life, then to Valentine Austen, and to have residue.
Exors: wife Dorothy & nephew Valentine Austen of Wye, maltster.
Witness: Jos. Pattenson, Saul Munn, John Gifford.
Probate: 26 May 1773 to exor.
[see 36/38 High St. but this is not property above] | AUSTIN, Valentine (I4689)
|
| 3400 |
Yeoman
An inventory was taken of Henry's goods on PRC 11/61 LDS film 1066781, fol. 2
Austen, Henry of Wye, Yeoman | AUSTIN, Henry (I3882)
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